Introduction to BIM

BIM Curriculum 01

Topics

History / Overview From 2D to BIM The BIM Concept Future Trends

Evolution of AEC CAD

2D solutionsElectronic drafting board

3D solutionsModeling for purely visualization purposes

BIM solutionsModels with integrated architectural information

Construction Coordination (5D)Timing/scheduling and Cost estimation

AEC CAD Timeline1960 1970 1980 1990

4D-5D CAD

Experimental CAD in research

Commercial 3D CAD

Commercial CAD on personal computers

BIM

Commercial CAD on mainframes and workstations

1980

Hand Drafting

2D CAD

3D CAD

BIM

4-5D CAD

1990 2000

CA

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50%

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Working Concept - 2D CAD Draft everything in 2D No 3D model is created Design changes maintained

manually on every drawing Typically, each drawing is

saved in its own file

Evaluation - 2D CAD

BenefitsCompared to hand drafting

• Faster modifications• Accuracy• Smart drafting tools (fills, dimensions)• Repetitive elements (blocks, xrefs)

Compared to other CAD methods• Easy to understand concept (electronic drafting) • Relatively small files due to reduced data• Quick (but less intelligent) solution for all building types

Drawbacks• Changes on one drawing don’t influence other drawings • Drawing coordination is essential• No more content compared with hand drawing• Collisions and other design problems are difficult to identify

Working Concept – 3D CAD The application has both 2D and

3D capabilities Buildings can be modeled in 3D if

necessary 3D and 2D information can be

included in a single file Drawings can be partially derived

from the model No automatic documentation Application mostly works with 2D

and 3D drawing tools instead of real architectural elements

Additional content can be created including visualization and basic quantity take-offs

Drawings

3D Model

Manual or automatic update

Project File

Evaluation– 3D CADBenefits

Compared to 2D CAD• Easier checking of planning errors• Managing changes is easier• Visualization and calculation

Compared to BIM• Users may work purely in 2D if they

wish• Smaller file size• Easier to model complex geometries

Drawbacks (compared to BIM)• Concept doesn’t follow the architectural

design process• Documentation is not fully automatic• No architectural content like in BIM

applications

Drawings

3D Model

Manual or automatic update

Project File

The BIM Concept

Drawings, building views, visualizations, calculations and quantity take-offs are automatically derived from the 3D model.

BIM= Building Information Modeling

Also known as „Virtual Building” or „Building Simulation”

Working Concept – BIM Single file concept: The complete

building model and all of its representations are included in the BIM file

Real architectural elements used for modeling

Changes of the model affect all related drawings (and vice versa)

Automatic generation and updating of documentation

Architectural content (libraries) Building information data attached

to the elements Additional materials (rendering,

animation, quantity take-offs, schedules)

Evaluation– BIMBenefits

Compared to 2D and 3D CAD• Elements have architectural meaning• Changes on one drawing have

influence on all others • Rich visualization content (animation,

sun studies, renderings etc.)• Automatic quantity take-offs,

schedules• Connection to structural, energy

calculation, collision detection etc. software

Drawbacks• Higher training requirements• Might be difficult to learn the BIM

approach for people who were previously 2D users

• Might be more difficult to handle complex geometry (e.g. freeform structures) then in 3D and 2D CAD

Real Architectural Elements - BIM Drawing representation

• Floor plan, section and elevation views• Adjustable contours, fills, backgrounds• Scale sensitivity

Model representation• 3D shapes connected to drawing

elements• Surface color and texture

Non-graphical information• Material descriptions• Quantities, volumes• Cost• Values specific to certain elements

(e.g. lux values of lights, fire resistance of doors)

Model Based Documentation - BIM

Coherence between model and drawing All drawings derived from the model Model itself coordinates drawings Automatic scale change The complete project lifecycle can be

controlled from a single file Rich 3D visualization content helps you to

win the job

Estimation-BIM

Additional information attached to the model • Quantity• Materials• Descriptions

Product detailsConstruction detailsSafety details

• Cost

Instant Calculation• Quantity take-offs• Room Inventories• Door-Window Schedules

BIMDATA

3D model

Calculations

Collaboration -BIM

The AEC industry is moving towards integration of disciplines. The collaborative mode will become a standard approach. Only advanced data-sharing technology will enable effective enough communication to support this working method.

Areas of collaboration: Internal External

External Collaboration-BIMThe BIM data can be shared

with the project stakeholders via:

IFC (Industry Foundation Classes)

DXF-DWG (Autocad Drawing)

PDF (Portable Document Format)

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

Other native CAD file formats

Internal Collaboration-BIMAdvanced BIM applications

allow the seamless sharing of the virtual building data between the project team members

The teamwork approach: Central file contains the

complete virtual building database

Team members work on local copies

Team members have dedicated workspaces

Team members send and receive changes regularly

Local Copy 1 Local Copy 2 Local Copy 3

Central File

Workspace 3

Workspace 2

Workspace 1

Send & receive changes

Analysis, Coordination-BIM

Further processing the BIM data allows a wide range of analytical activities:

Code checking (collision detection)

Energy efficiency analysis Structural analysis

EnergyPlus

Jetstream from NavisWorks

Xsteel from Tekla

Trends: Construction Coordination

Construction industry is moving towards automated solutions. Adding time and cost information to the 3D model results the virtual construction model.

Linked Schedules

Linked Estimating

Recipes

BIM Model (3D)

Cost (5D)Time (4D)

Virtual Construction Workflow

Project Control

Fabrication 2D Drawings

Constructability Analysis and Coordination

Procurement Schedule

Accounting

Cost Estimate 5D Model