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National Institute of
Building Sciences International Alliance
for Interoperability
Deke Smith, Executive Director
January 1, 2008
Introduction
to BIM and the
Agenda
• National Institute for Building Sciences
• Why change now?
• Building Information Modeling
• buildingSMART International
• buildingSMART alliance / buildingSMART North America
– Technology
– Standards
– Education
– Economics
– Business Processes
– Organizations and User Groups
• Summary – How to get involved
About National Institute of Building Sciences
• 1974 - NIBS - Public Law 93-383, Sect. 809 – Bridge between Private and Public Construction
– Non-governmental – Unique 501c3 Organization
• 1992 - Facility Information Council Mission – "improve the performance of facilities over their full life-cycle by
fostering common and open standards and an integrated life-cycle information model for the A/E/C & FM industry."
• NIBS Related Products – – Construction Criteria Base
– Whole Building Design Guide
– National CAD Standard
– National BIM Standard
Why Change Now?
• NIST in 2004 identified $15.8B lost to lack of interoperability
• $3 trillion industry with possible 30% waste
• 40% of global raw materials are consumed by buildings
• Facilities consume 40% of the energy
• 65.2% of total U.S. electricity consumption
• Facilities contribute 40% of the emissions
• Facilities contribute 20% of land fills
• U.S. is no longer the worlds largest consumer…but we did not slow down
$4.8 trillion 2008
✗
Source: CII & LCI 2004
Construction Is Primary Consumer!
Need to reduce
waste here also!!
Why Now? - Internet Use
• The proportions of those online who use the Internet "very often" or "often" for the most common activities are, in descending order of use: – Sending or receiving email (67%)
– Doing research for work or school (45%)
– Getting information about products and services (41%)
– Getting information about hobbies or special interests (36%)
– Checking news, weather, etc. (40%)
– Surfing the web to explore new and different sites (32%)
– Shopping online (22%)
– Obtaining information on local amusements and activities (19%)
– Paying bills (18%)
– Downloading or playing games (18%)
– Financial management and investing (15%)
– Making travel plans or arrangements (15%)
– Obtaining information about health or disease (15%)
The Harris Poll® #4, January 21, 2004
One Billion People Online! MAY 18, 2006
www.emarketer.com
What is a Building Information Model?
National BIM Standard Definition of BIM
– A Building Information Model (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle from inception onward.
– A basic premise of BIM is collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of the life cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the BIM process to support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder. The BIM is a shared digital representation founded on open standards for interoperability.
What is a BIM? – Physical & Functional Characteristics View
Designer
Data
Owner / Occupier
Data Environmentalist
Data
Specifier
Data
Financial
Data
Legal
Data
Sustainers
Data
Geospatial
Data
BIM Image
Graphisoft
What is a BIM? - Lifecycle Information View
Simulations -Comfort
-Ventilation, heating
-Life cycle cost
-Light, sound
-Insulation
-Fire, usage
-Environment
-Life time predictions
Specifications -Specification sheets
-Classification standards
-Estimates, accounting
Building
Information
Model
Briefing -Functional req.
-Estimates
-Conditions
-Requirements
Knowledge databases -Best practise knowledge
-Own practice
Laws and regulations -Building regulations
-Building specifications
CAD software -Drawings, calculations
-Architect, engineer,…
VRML -Visualisation, 3D models
Procurement -Product databases
-Price databases
Facility management -Letting, sale, operations
-Maintenance
-Guaranties
Demolition, refurbishment -Rebuild
-Demolition
-Restoration
Construction management -Scheduling
-Logistics, 4D
What is BIM? – Interoperability View
©2007 OSCRE, Americas, Inc.
Structural Engineer
HVAC Engineer
Govt.
Constr. Manager
Facilities Manager
Building Owner
Civil Engineer
Architect
Structural Engineer
HVAC Engineer
City
Constr. Manager
Facilities Manager
Building Owner
Civil Engineer
Architect
Structural Engineer
HVAC Engineer
Govt.
Constr. Manager
Facilities Manager
Building Owner
Civil Engineer
Architect
Industry
Exchange
Standard
What is a BIM? – Stakeholders View
Des
ign
Sta
ge
Co
nc
ep
tion
Sta
ge
Pro
jec
t
Deliv
ery
Se
lec
tion
Sta
ge
Co
ns
tructio
n
Do
cu
me
nts
Sta
ge
Pro
cu
rem
en
t
Sta
ge
Ex
ec
utio
n
Sta
ge
Utilization
Stage
Closure
Stage
2yr 100+ Years 1Yr
Owner
Planner - Scoping, Simulation
Environmentalist
Realtor
Appraiser
Mortgage Banker
Designers
Engineers - Energy Analysis, LEED
Conflict Analyst
Cost & Quantity Estimators
Specifiers
Contract Specialist & Lawyers
Construction Contractors
Sub-Contractors
Fabricators
Suppliers & Manufacturers
Code Officials
Facility Managers
Maintenance & Sustainment
Safety & Occupational Health
Plant Operator
Renovation & Restoration
Space Manager
Security Manager
Network Manager
CIO
Risk Manager
Insurer
Occupant Support & Way finding
First Responders
Disposal
Recycling
Archivist
Graphisoft
Des
ign
Sta
ge
Co
nc
ep
tion
Sta
ge
Pro
jec
t Deliv
ery
Se
lec
tion
Sta
ge
Co
ns
tructio
n D
ocu
me
nts
Sta
ge
Pro
cu
rem
en
t Sta
ge
Ex
ec
utio
n S
tag
e
Utilization
Stage
Closure
Stage
What is a BIM? - Business Model
Optimized approach with virtual modeling and analysis
with reduced change orders & delivery time and lower
operating and sustainment costs
Typical approach failing to do routine maintenance
and having to replace items earlier and more often
The yet untapped $avings
Typical design/build approach with required
maintenance
The savings we are currently
experiencing with faster delivery
and fewer change orders
2yr 100+ Years 1Yr
Dolla
rs E
xpended o
n F
acility
BIM - What is in it for me?
1. A more valuable product for your clients
2. Higher quality facilities
3. Lower energy usage
4. Shorter delivery time
5. Lower lifecycle costs
6. Ability to offer more services
7. Fewer change orders and RFI’s
8. Better environmental stewardship
9. Supports a more sustainable product
10.A documented record of facilities and infrastructures prior to, during and after construction. present
Daniel Libeskind’s Denver Art Museum
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman
A Visual Reason For BIM
3D
2D
Visualization
with Conflict
Analysis
Reality
Far More Than Visualization
Photo courtesy of Dennis R. Shelden, Ph.D., Chief
Technology Officer, Gehry Technologies. The picture is of the
Disney Conference Hall, designed by Frank Gehry.
Ceiling Integration – Disney Concert Hall
Frank Gehry
buildingSMART International
Interested Countries
Russia
India
Brazil
Japanese Version
buildingSMART International
Core Technologies
Sectional
information
Parametric 3D
information
Parametric Elevation information Manufacturers Specifications, Finish, Price
Scale sensitive plan symbols Building_part
Door
2 Window_frame
4
Window
6
Glass
7
frame
glass S[1:?]
Room
8
Room_connection
9
windows S[0:?]
door
relating
related
Room_id
3 identification
Structural Engineer
HVAC Engineer
City
Constr. Manager
Facilities Manager
Building Owner
Civil Engineer
Architect
Structural Engineer
HVAC Engineer
Govt.
Constr. Manager
Facilities Manager
Building Owner
Civil Engineer
Architect
Industry
Exchange
Standard
Industry Foundation Class (ifc)
Information Request &
Delivery of BIM Data
Requestor Provider
BIM Data
MICROSOFT CORPORATION
Information Exchange
Agreement
Requestor Provider
Requestor Provider
BIM Data
MICROSOFT CORPORATION
Information Exchange
Agreement
North American Data Standards Used in the exchange of Information
between team members
OmniClass™, IFDLibrary™, IFC
Information Delivery Manual (IDM)
buildingSMART International
Core Technologies
Designer
View
Owner / Occupier
View Environmentalist
View
Specifier
View
Financial
View
Legal
View
Sustainers
View
Geospatial
View
BIM Image
Graphisoft
Model View Definition (MVD)
Properties BARBi - Norway
Propertie
s
LexiCon - Nederland
Propertie
s
NBS - England
Propertie
s
SDC - France
Propertie
s
One concept carries the same unique identification
in every language
78AF4E98C8D4406B873DBB85E1FE7DB In a briefing document
In product catalogues
Properties
In classification systems
Properties
In building specifications
Properties
In a calculation system
Properties
In a Facility management system
Properties
For demolition and reconstruction
Properties
In a CAD system
Properties
NBIMS – North America
Propertie
s
International Framework Dictionary (IFD)
buildingSMART International
Pla
nn
ers
Str
uctu
ral E
ng
ine
erin
g
Str
uctu
ral D
esig
ne
r
1
2
3
Str
uctu
ral C
on
tra
cto
r
Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering
Top level diagram for the structural engineering process
author:
version:
status:
Andrew Crowley
3
created
created:
modified:
20/12/2005 15:24:35
15/05/2007 18:46:49
bpmn_structural_engineering3.vsd
Bu
ildin
g
Info
rma
tio
n M
od
el
Exte
rna
l
Bo
die
s
er_exchange_
architectural_design
(outline)
er_exchange_
structural_design
Resource
Availability
Statutory Regulations,
Codes, Standards, &
Technical Specifications
Industry Contracts Environmental
Characteristics
Approval to Continue
to Design Stage
Yes
Terminated
No
er_exchange_
structural_specifications
Approval to Continue to
Construction Stage
Yes
Approval to
continue received
No
Operate & Maintain
Building Structure
Client Brief
er_exchange_
project_plans
er_exchange_
project_contracts
Approval to continue is not given causing project to be terminated.
Produce Structural
Design
Plan & Control Structural Design &
Construction
Construct, commission,
& hand over building structure
Courtesy European Structural Group and A Crawley
Exchange
requirements
defined
Core Technologies
Exchange Requirements Definition (ERD)
buildingSMART alliance
• Bringing together a total package to support BIM implementation in North America by leveraging international effort
– Technology
– Standards
– Education and Training
– Business Process Re-engineering
– Coordinating Users, Organizations and Associations
– More…
buildingSMART alliance: History
• Jan 1995 - IAI Formed – Developed Technology
• Jan 2005 – buildingSMART® Name Coined
• Aug 2005 – Challenge to Create NBIMS
• Feb 2007 – buildingSMART alliance formed
• Jul 2007 – Alliance Kick-off Meeting
• Sep 2007 – Web Site Launched
• Dec 2007 – Magazine, Brochure, Conference
and National BIM Standard
buildingSMART alliance: Vision and Mission
• Vision
– A global environment where all participants can readily and transparently share, apply and maintain information about facilities and infrastructure
• Mission
– Improve all aspects of the facility and infrastructure lifecycle by promoting collaboration, technology, integrated practices and open standards
buildingSMART alliance: Goals
• Provide visibility to ongoing efforts
• Identify interfaces
• Identify gaps and overlaps
• Support ongoing projects
• Coordinate a fragmented industry
to profoundly reduce
waste (Materials and Time)
• Demonstrate the power of an industry alliance all moving toward
a common vision
• To reduce United States construction industry waste by $200B a year by 2020
buildingSMART alliance: Organization – North America
Board of Directors
President
buildingSMART Staff
Board of Direction
National BIM Standard Alan Edgar
Facility Information Council David Jordani
Technical Committee
(IAI – North America) Coordinator – Deke Smith
IFC – Kimon Onuma
IDM – Dianne Davis
MVD – Richard See
IFD – Roger Grant
National CAD Standard Mark Butler
Business
Practice
Integration
Visualization,
Simulation
& Analysis
Real
Property
Community
Quality
of
Life
Economy
&
Sustainability
Education
Energy
And
Environment
User
Groups
Alliances
And
Standards
Research
And
Development
Project listing and coordination
Start-up Project efforts
Active buildingSMART® Efforts
IAI-International
Pankow Projects Precast
Structural
Execution Planning
Product Development Team
Bjørn K Stangeland
Lars C. Christensen
buildingSMART alliance: Interim Board of Direction
Tom Gay, FM Global, Chair David Conover, Intl. Code Council, Vice Chair John Cross, AISC, Secretary David Hammond, USCG, Treasurer
Markku Allison, AIA Jim Bedrick, Webcor Builders James Broaddus, Broaddus & Assoc. Bill Brodt, FMOC Mark Butler, NCS Hector Camps, PHI Cubed, Inc. Mathew Cramer, SMACNA Dianne Davis, AEC Infosystems Alan Edgar, NBIMS Sean Flaherty, Nemetschek NA Scott Frank, Jaros, Baum & Bolles Andy Fuhrman, OSCRE Roger Grant, CSI Henry Green, BSSC Stephen Hagan, GSA
Gordon Holness, ASHRAE Ian Howell, Newforma, Inc. Bill Hoy, BF Saul Ric Jackson, FIATECH Steve Jones, McGraw-Hill David Jordani, FIC
Rob Kistler, BETEC David Lukens, AGC Patrick MacLeamy, Hellmuth, Obata, Kassenbaum Frank McDonough, McDonough Bolyard Peck Bob Bank, U.S. Army COE Richard E. Morrey, Accela, Inc. Bill Napier, Division of State Facilities Mieszko B. Niedzwiecki, Leo A Daly Kimon Onuma, Onuma Design Mark Reichardt, OGC Forrest Sheperd, William H. Gordon Associates Adam Snavely, EMCOR Group Jose Teran, Jose F. Teran, AIA Brad Workman, Bentley Systems
buildingSMART alliance: Programs • Economic Issues Program Dianne Davis / [email protected]
(410) 435-3600
• Quality of Life Program Henry Green / [email protected]
(517) 241-9302
• Real Property Program Andy Fuhrman / [email protected]
(831) 458-3346
• Business Process Program Dave Jordani / [email protected]
(612) 333-9222
• Visualization & Simulation Program Adam Snavely / [email protected] (443) 957-2347
• User Group Coordination Program Frank McDonough / [email protected] (703) 641-9088
• Environmental Program Mark Reichardt / [email protected] (301) 840-1361
• Education Program Bill Napier / [email protected] (608) 267-0422
• Alliances & Standards Program Richard E. Morrey / [email protected] (801) 495-9300
• Research & Development Program Mark Butler / [email protected] (402) 392-8782
buildingSMART alliance: Emerging Projects
• Industry Foundation Classes (ifc) (Alliance Technical Committee)
• Information Delivery Manuals (IDM) (Alliance Technical Committee)
• Model View Definitions (MVD) (Alliance Technical Committee)
• Industry Framework Dictionary (IFD) (Alliance Technical Committee)
• National BIM Standard (NBIMS) (NIBS FIC)
• National CAD Standard (NCS) (NIBS FIC)
• AECOO Testbed (OGC/buildingSMART/IAI)
• Architectural Precast (Pankow)
• Automated Code Compliance Checking (AC3) (ICC)
• Construction to Operations Building Information Exchange (COBIE) (NASA/COE)
• Early Design Information Exchange (COE)
• Structural Design (Pankow)
• Geospatial Integration (Alliance)
• Object Standards Harmonization (ISO 16739-ISO 15926) (FIATECH)
• Distance Learning (Alliance)
• Continuing Education Principles (Alliance)
• University Education Coordination (Alliance)
• Project Execution Planning for BIM (Pankow)
Projects: NBIMS V1 P1
• Delivered Dec 27, 2007
• International Core
• National Specific – OmniClass
• Information Exchange Concepts
• Standard Development Process
• Information Assurance
• Capability Maturity Model
• References and Appendices
• Over 30 contributors
BIM Capability Maturity Model – A Self Assessment
1. Data Richness – How complete is the model?
2. Life-cycle Views – How many phases are included?
3. Roles Or Disciplines – How many players?
4. Business process – Are business processes defined?
5. Change Management – Is change management process in place?
6. Timeliness/ Response – How long does it take you to respond to RFI’s or Change Orders?
7. Delivery Method – Is it single platform or SOA and web?
8. Graphical Information –
Are you using 3D models?
9. Spatial Capability – Is it tied to
geospatial or spatially aware?
10. Information Accuracy – Do you use
information assurance for input and output?
11. Interoperability/ IFC Support – Do
you use IFC’s as a primary tool?
Massachusetts General Hospital
Projects: Supporting NBIMS
Vendor delivered product
National
BIM Standard
Requirements
Definition
International Open Standards Based Technology
Ifc, IDM, ERM, MDV, and IFD Library
OGC Testbed Precast
Projects: AECOO Testbed
Green Buildings
Energy Analysis
Energy Code Compliance Checking
Costing
AECOO Testbed
Projects: Education and Training
1. Distance Learning
2. Continuing Education
3. New Professionals
4. Research
5. Physical Plant
6. Vendor Training
Me
Projects: Coordinating Object Definitions
ISO/PAS 16739
(Industry Foundation Class)
ISO 15926
(Process Industry)
Projects: Geospatial Relationship
Building Information
Model
Geospatially
Located
CAD
Copyright Sydney Opera House.
Courtesy Utzon Architects/Johnson
Pilton Walker (Architects in collaboration),
ARUP, with permission
Projects: Changing the Business Process
Maintain
COBIE
Close Work Order
When Model is Updated
Analysis
Product Selection
Ordering &
Invoicing
buildingSMART alliance: Information Dissemination
Press, Conferences, Webinars
and other methods
Tipping Point Prediction
Evolution Revolution
Time is
of the
essence
Over 50 Entities With Known BIM Efforts
• 3XPT Strategy Group
• 7group
• American Institute of Architects (AIA) - Building Connections
• AIA - Integrated Project Delivery
• American College of Construction Lawyers (ACCL)
• American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
• American Society for Quality (ASQ)
• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
• American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
• American Society of Interior Designers (ASID)
• Association of General Contractors of America (AGC) - BIMForum
• Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA)
• buildingSMART alliance
• Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA)
• Canadian Green Building Council (CaGBC)
• Center for Facilities and Environment (CIFE)
• Construction Industry Institute (CII)
• Construction Managers Association of America (CMAA)
• Construction Owners Association of America (COAA)
• Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)
• Construction Users Round Table (CURT)
• Design Build Institute of America (DBIA)
• FIATECH
• General Services Administration (GSA)
• International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI)—International
• Institute for Market Transformation to Sustainability (MTS)
• International Center for Facilities (ICF) Ottawa
• International Code Council (ICC) - SMARTcodes™
• International Facilities Managers Association (IFMA)
• Lean Construction Institute (LCI)
• National Academy of Sciences Federal Facilities Council (FFC)
• National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)
• National Institute for Standards and Testing (NIST)
• NIBS - Building Enclosure Technology and Environment Council (BETEC)
• NIBS - Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC)
• NIBS - Facility Information Council (FIC)
• NIBS - Facility Maintenance and Operations Committee (FMOC)
• NIBS - High Performance Building Council (HPB)
• NIBS - International Alliance for Interoperability of North America (IAI-NA)
• NIBS - Multihazard Mitigation Council (MMC)
• NIBS - National BIM Standard (NBIMS)
• NIBS - National CAD Standard (NCS)
• NIBS - Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)
• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
• Open Standards Consortium for Real Estate (OSCRE)
• Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA)
• Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC)
• US Army - Civil Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL)
• U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
Coordination Role
Case Study
Design Design GC Bids GC Construction Field Changes
Reviews Awd
18 3 4 2 55 4
Conventional Design/Bid/Build (80+ weeks, 60 Weeks if fast tracked)
12 48 1
Design Field Changes Construction
Conventional Design/Build (60+ weeks, 50 Weeks if fast tracked)
3D Collaborative Design/Build (48 weeks, 38 Weeks if fast tracked)
Design Construction Field Changes
10-12 38 0
General Motors Flint Engine 500,000
SF Plant addition
The New Approach – Culture Change
Preliminary
Design
Model APPROVED
Working
Design
Model
ARCH
SIM SPEC
STRU GC
PWR
FAB
CIVIL
ELEC
MECH
ARCH
COST
SAFE
SUP
OPER
CONSTRUCT Delivered
Model
ARCH
IOC
FR
OPER
Owner
After All Clashes Have Been Resolved
Lock the Model and Build It
Multiple Types of Analysis from the Same Model
Global V6 engine plant for General Motors – Flint, MI (Courtesy: GHAFARI Associates)
General Motors Flint Engine Plant addition
3D modeling used to design plant in the computer, then to fabricate,
computer model was forced to be the as-built model
General Motors Case Study
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman
GM Savings During Design Process
Eliminating waste at handoffs and the use of steel interoperability in the Flint project. (Courtesy: GHAFARI Associates)
Daniel Libeskind’s Denver Art Museum
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman
Case Study
Daniel Libeskind’s Denver Art Museum
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman
Case Study
Daniel Libeskind’s Denver Art Museum
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman
Case Study
Case Study
Courtesy Benjamin D. Hall Interdisciplinary Research Building (© M.A. Mortenson Company)
Visualization with Information
Courtesy Benjamin D. Hall Interdisciplinary Research Building (© M.A. Mortenson Company)
Pre-Assembly of Parts
Courtesy Benjamin D. Hall Interdisciplinary Research Building (© M.A. Mortenson Company)
Example of Electrical Space Pre-Assembled
Electrical room pre-assembled in
controlled environment
Units shipped to work site and re-
assembled
Courtesy Benjamin D. Hall Interdisciplinary Research Building (© M.A. Mortenson Company)
Small Project Case Study
Most cabinetry is 3D parametric model layout, with backend
CNC fabrication, and materials optimization
Fabrication-level BIM - Kitchen Design
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman
BIM for Facility Management
Copyright Sydney Opera House.
Courtesy Utzon
Architects/Johnson Pilton Walker
(Architects in collaboration),
ARUP
Sectional View of Sydney Opera House
Case Study – Letterman Digital Arts Center
• “Despite numerous design layout changes that were required by LucasFilm Ltd. due to company restructuring, the LDAC project was completed on time and below the estimated budget….over two hundred design and construction conflicts were identified, most of which were corrected before construction, resulting in an
estimated savings of over
$10 million on this $350
million project.”
Courtesy of AECbytes "Building the Future" Article (September 30, 2006)
Building Owners Driving BIM: The "Letterman Digital Arts Center"
StoryMieczyslaw (Mitch) Boryslawski, Associate AIA
Founder, View By View, Inc.
Conflict Analysis & Change Order Reduction
Most facilities carry a 10% contingency for change orders. There are
case studies where all change orders have been eliminated or reduced
to one or two in other projects. The cost of building a model is less
than 1% of the construction cost
Facility Related Tactical Decision Information
BIM Simulations – Analyze Impact
Courtesy of ENR, Graphisoft and Onuma Design
Knowing who occupies these spaces could
provide near real time analysis of impact on
mission or more accurate COOP analysis
Support The Alliance to Help …
• Provide visibility to ongoing efforts to develop buildingSMART practices.
• Identify the interfaces, gaps, overlaps and collaboration opportunities among groups addressing buildingSMART practices.
• Provide buildingSMART products, such as the U.S. National Building Information Model Standard (NBIMS).
• Support ongoing buildingSMART projects.
• Reduce wasted industry time, effort and cost.
• Demonstrate the benefits to industry of moving toward a common vision of buildingSMART.
• Sustain and expand buildingSMART technologies
How do I join the Alliance?
1. Visit www.buildingsmartalliance.org
2. Apply on-line or contact: Deke Smith – [email protected] (202) 289-7800 or
Peter Smeallie - [email protected]
