Introduction to Beef Introduction to Beef

Unit Map: Follow Along in your Unit Map: Follow Along in your packetpacket

WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING?WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING?ID breeds of economically important ID breeds of economically important

animalsanimals

Husbandry and Mangement practices Husbandry and Mangement practices for Industrial animalsfor Industrial animals

Know Understand Do!Know Understand Do!

KnowKnow

Beef TypesBeef Types

Basic AnatomyBasic Anatomy

Management Management Practices Practices

Understand• Beef desired

Characteristics• Internal and

External Anatomy

• Industry Steps

Do• ID Breeds

• Outline beef cattle

production• Outline Industry

model

Key Learning: Key Learning: Beef ProductionBeef Production

Unit EQ: What are industrial animals Unit EQ: What are industrial animals and how do they help us?and how do they help us?

Concept : Management and Industry

Lesson EQ:

How is the industry set up?

Vocab

Branding, Cow/Calf

Concept : AnatomyLesson EQ:

How do we choose beef?

VocabDaily Gain,

Marbling

Concept Breeds and

TypesLesson EQ:

What are characteristics of beef breeds?

VocabMothering

Ability, Feed Efficiency

Youtube; Beef Commercial Youtube; Beef Commercial

Essential Question Essential Question

What is a breed?What is a breed?

What is a breed?What is a breed?

Important Important Terms to Terms to

KnowKnow

A Mature Male is called a:A Mature Male is called a:

BullBull A Mature Female is called a:A Mature Female is called a:

CowCow The act of Giving Birth is called:The act of Giving Birth is called:

CalvingCalving Gestation = Gestation =

283 days283 days A Castrated Male is called a:A Castrated Male is called a:

SteerSteer An Immature Female is called a:An Immature Female is called a:

HeiferHeifer

Group Discussion Group Discussion

Discuss in your small group and write Discuss in your small group and write down what you think a trait is. down what you think a trait is. What traits do you think are What traits do you think are important in identifying cattle important in identifying cattle breeds?breeds?

What is the actual What is the actual definition?definition?

After your in-depth discussion on After your in-depth discussion on traits, compare your ideas with the traits, compare your ideas with the actual definition:actual definition:

A Trait is: a distinguishing A Trait is: a distinguishing characteristic within a specific breed characteristic within a specific breed of cattleof cattle

Classification and Identification of Beef Cattle Breeds

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into Bos To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into Bos Taurus or Bos Indicus .Taurus or Bos Indicus .

To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into British, European.British, European.

To be able to Determine or Give the Make up of To be able to Determine or Give the Make up of Certain Composite Breeds.Certain Composite Breeds.

To Give the Attributes of Specific Breeds.To Give the Attributes of Specific Breeds.

Classification Why do we Classification Why do we Need ItNeed It

We classify everything. Example We classify everything. Example AutomobilesAutomobiles

We Break them down into Cars and We Break them down into Cars and Trucks, How can we break them Trucks, How can we break them down even further.down even further.

Classification Of Automobiles

A m e rica n M a de Im o rts

C a rs S u v 's T ru cks

A u tom ob iles

CLASSIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE

B rit ish E U R O P E A N

B O S T A U R U S

F 1 C ro ss

B O S T A U R U S / IN D IC U S

Z E B U

B O S IN D IC US

B e ef Ca ttle

PUREBRED PUREBRED

Recognized family line of an animal Recognized family line of an animal Unmixed Unmixed Parents are standards of the breed Parents are standards of the breed Eligible for registration in a breed Eligible for registration in a breed

associationassociation

CROSSBREEDING CROSSBREEDING

Definition: Mating of 2 purebred Definition: Mating of 2 purebred animals to form a cross. animals to form a cross. Crossbreeding is used to emphasize, Crossbreeding is used to emphasize, extract, and design desired traits or extract, and design desired traits or characteristics that are reflected in characteristics that are reflected in the offspring.the offspring.

The offspring of crossbreeding, is The offspring of crossbreeding, is known as a crossbred. known as a crossbred.

Popular BRITISH BREEDS Popular BRITISH BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLEOF BEEF CATTLE

HerefordHerefordBlack AngusBlack AngusShorthornShorthorn

Popular EUROPEAN BREEDS Popular EUROPEAN BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLEOF BEEF CATTLE

SimmentalSimmentalCharolaisCharolais

Popular ZEBU BREEDS Popular ZEBU BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLEOF BEEF CATTLE

Grey Brahman Grey Brahman

BOS TAURUS BEEF BOS TAURUS BEEF BREEDSBREEDS

BRITISH / BRITISH / EUROPEANEUROPEAN

HerefordHereford

• Originated in England

• Red with white points

• Horned usually

• Known for pink eye

Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

Black AngusBlack Angus• Native to Angus (near Scotland)

• Most popular beef breed in the US

• Always black in color

• Can produce Red Angus

• Known for Marbling AbilityBos Taurus / British Breed Classification

ShorthornShorthorn

• Originated in England

• White to red in color

• Roane Color, very popular for show heifers.

Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

SimmentalSimmental

• First recorded in Switzerland

• Large body mass

• Light red to dark red with white points

• Known for Maternal Characteristics

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

CharolaisCharolais

• Originated in France

• White in color

• Mature bulls weigh 2000-2500+ lbs.

• Mature bulls weigh 1250-2000+ lbs.

• Known for Size and Muscle

Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

BOS INDICUS BEEF BOS INDICUS BEEF BREEDSBREEDS

ZEBUZEBU

BrahmanBrahman

• Developed in the United States

• Breeds from India used

• Light gray or red to black

• Known for Mothering Ability

Bos Indicus Classification

AfricanderAfricander

Native to South AfricaNative to South AfricaUsually redUsually redLong horns Long horns

Composite/Cross Breeds: Composite/Cross Breeds: Increase Hybrid vigorIncrease Hybrid vigor

BrangusBrangusAngus + BrahmanAngus + Brahman

BeefmakerBeefmakerHereford + Simmental Hereford + Simmental

Black Baldie Black Baldie Hereford + AngusHereford + Angus

BrafordBrafordBrahman + Hereford Brahman + Hereford

ActivityActivity

Design your own breed!Design your own breed!Complete your worksheet with Complete your worksheet with

designing your own beef cattle breeddesigning your own beef cattle breedComplete Beef Crossword Puzzle Complete Beef Crossword Puzzle

when finishedwhen finished

Beef CrosswordBeef Crossword

Review Of Beef Cattle Review Of Beef Cattle ClassificationClassification

Cattle are Classified into Two Groups Cattle are Classified into Two Groups The Bos Taurus Classification The Bos Taurus Classification

includes what two Groups?includes what two Groups?What are some Breeds Attributes?What are some Breeds Attributes?

Beef Anatomy Beef Anatomy

Warm UpWarm Up

A cows horns are called :A cows horns are called :

A Cow, A Chicken, A Horse and A A Cow, A Chicken, A Horse and A Dog all have THIS anatomical part in Dog all have THIS anatomical part in common. What is it? common. What is it?

ObjectivesObjectives

Review basic cattle anatomy both Review basic cattle anatomy both gross and digestive gross and digestive

Identify location of cuts of meat on a Identify location of cuts of meat on a beef animalbeef animal

Essential QuestionEssential Question

Name 4 different cuts of meat you Name 4 different cuts of meat you can find in the grocery store. can find in the grocery store.

Review: Remember Dairy Review: Remember Dairy Anatomy? Anatomy?

RumenRumen

Largest of 4 compartmentsLargest of 4 compartments Its Job :FERMENTATIONIts Job :FERMENTATION

Continuous mixing and movingContinuous mixing and movingAnaerobic environment/Diverse bacterial Anaerobic environment/Diverse bacterial

pop.pop.Breaks down fibrous feed in volatile fatty Breaks down fibrous feed in volatile fatty

acids acids Papillae liningPapillae liningNonfunctional at birth , shunted off Nonfunctional at birth , shunted off

ReticulumReticulum

Feed boluses come from hereFeed boluses come from hereHoneycomb appearanceHoneycomb appearance Its Job : REGURGITATIONIts Job : REGURGITATION

Regurgitation from rumen to mouthRegurgitation from rumen to mouthExpulsion to omasumExpulsion to omasumFermentation gases Fermentation gases

. . OmasumOmasum

Many foldsMany folds Its Job: REDUCE Its Job: REDUCE

Reduces particle sizeReduces particle sizeAbsorb some water, mineralsAbsorb some water, minerals

Why would you reduce particle size? Why would you reduce particle size?

. . AbomasumAbomasum ““True Stomach”True Stomach” Glandular , meaning it secretesGlandular , meaning it secretes

Does your stomach excrete anything? Why ? Does your stomach excrete anything? Why ?

Its Job: DIGESTIONIts Job: DIGESTIONBegin digestion hereBegin digestion hereFeed leaves abomasum and enters the small Feed leaves abomasum and enters the small

intestine where further digestion takes placeintestine where further digestion takes placeFeed leaving abomasum is high in water Feed leaving abomasum is high in water

contentcontentWhy do you think this happens?Why do you think this happens?

How does this all work?How does this all work?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU4UbaQMNig

Beef Meat Beef Meat

The meat from mature bovines that The meat from mature bovines that are generally over 12 months of ageare generally over 12 months of ageRemember that Bovine = Cow!!Remember that Bovine = Cow!!

Cuts of Meat Cuts of Meat

In Your FreezerIn Your Freezer

Brisket

Chuck

Sirloin Joint

Ribs

Food Safety in the Beef Food Safety in the Beef Industry Industry

FDA: Monitors use of animal drugs by FDA: Monitors use of animal drugs by the livestock industry the livestock industry

FSIS: Inspects livestock and FSIS: Inspects livestock and carcasses for meat safety carcasses for meat safety

Beef Meat Project Beef Meat Project You will be assigned a cut of beef. You will be assigned a cut of beef. ON ONE PIECE OF PAPER (typed)ON ONE PIECE OF PAPER (typed)

Part one photos:Part one photos: One photo of your UNCOOKED cut of beefOne photo of your UNCOOKED cut of beef One photo of your completed recipeOne photo of your completed recipe (EXTRA CREDIT) one photo of you cooking your recipe(EXTRA CREDIT) one photo of you cooking your recipe

Part Two: RecipePart Two: Recipe Find a recipe on the internet that uses the cut of meat Find a recipe on the internet that uses the cut of meat

you were assigned. Include all directions and ingredientsyou were assigned. Include all directions and ingredients Part Three: Food SafetyPart Three: Food Safety

How hot must you cook the meat? How long must you How hot must you cook the meat? How long must you cook the meat? Why this hot, and this long? What are cook the meat? Why this hot, and this long? What are food safety concerns when handling raw beef meat? food safety concerns when handling raw beef meat?

Vocabulary Sheet Vocabulary Sheet Put your name and the date on the top.Define the following words:

Brisket, Tenderloin, Chuck

Beef Industry Beef Industry

ObjectivesObjectives

Identify levels of beef industry and Identify levels of beef industry and their purposetheir purpose

Produce the correct chain of events Produce the correct chain of events beef cattle follow from farm to beef cattle follow from farm to factory. factory.

Essential Question Essential Question

What is the end goal when feeding What is the end goal when feeding and caring for cattle? and caring for cattle?

How to farmers achieve this goal? How to farmers achieve this goal?

Cuts of Meat Review Cuts of Meat Review

The Beef IndustryThe Beef IndustryThe average size beef herd is The average size beef herd is around 100 head.around 100 head.

The beef industryThe beef industryIn the US there are over forty In the US there are over forty

different breeds as well as different breeds as well as many crosses of these breeds.many crosses of these breeds.

4 Major Segments:4 Major Segments:purebred operationspurebred operationscow-calf operationscow-calf operationsstocker operationsstocker operationsfeedlot operationsfeedlot operations

Purebred operationsPurebred operationsPurpose is to produce seed Purpose is to produce seed

stock cattle. stock cattle.

Cow-Calf operations:Cow-Calf operations:Most calves produced are Most calves produced are

crossbreeds from purebred crossbreeds from purebred parents of different breeds. parents of different breeds.

Stocker operations:Stocker operations:Provide a step between the Provide a step between the

weaning of calves and weaning of calves and slaughter. slaughter.

Feed them right Feed them right Grass fed vs. grain fed vs. a mixed ration

Feedstuffs are items that when mixed together can provide a Total Mixed Raton

Some feedstuffs includeBone and Meat MealFeather MealMolassesCottonseedCornSoybean mealDistiller’s Grain MUCH MORE

Why you feed your animals a mix of different things?

Feedlot operations:Feedlot operations:Final phase before the animals Final phase before the animals

are sent to slaughter. are sent to slaughter.

Watch them growWatch them grow

Average daily Average daily gain: Pounds of gain: Pounds of weight gained weight gained per day per day

What does it look like?What does it look like?

It is March 1It is March 1stst. Your beef cow’s ADG is 5 . Your beef cow’s ADG is 5 pounds per day. On April 1pounds per day. On April 1stst, how much , how much will your cow weigh?will your cow weigh?

In 30 days your beef cow is going to In 30 days your beef cow is going to market and needs to weigh 1300 pounds. market and needs to weigh 1300 pounds. It currently weighs 1000 pounds. What It currently weighs 1000 pounds. What does your ADG need to be for your cow does your ADG need to be for your cow to be ready for market in 30 days?? to be ready for market in 30 days??

Feedlot operationFeedlot operation

Problems?Problems?

What problems could occur with so What problems could occur with so many animals in one place?many animals in one place?

Management Practices Management Practices Ear Tagging Ear Tagging Branding Branding Tattooing Tattooing Registration Registration

Vocabulary REVIEW Vocabulary REVIEW

Cow-Calf ProductionCow-Calf Production: own cows, : own cows, sell weaner calvessell weaner calves

StockerStocker: buy weaner calves, sell : buy weaner calves, sell yearlingsyearlings

Feedlot FinishingFeedlot Finishing: buy calves, : buy calves, fatten, sell to slaughter housefatten, sell to slaughter house

Hobby farms Hobby farms

Farm is not the main source of Farm is not the main source of income ($) for the owner.income ($) for the owner.

Most Delaware Cattle farms are Most Delaware Cattle farms are hobby farmshobby farms

Writing Prompt Writing Prompt Write a 1 page paper on the following:Write a 1 page paper on the following:

You are a beef cattle producer. You are a beef cattle producer. Explain Explain the process the process your cow will follow from your cow will follow from farm to factory. Be sure to include what farm to factory. Be sure to include what steps you will take to make sure you get steps you will take to make sure you get

the most money for your beef cows. the most money for your beef cows. You should include topics like: breed you have You should include topics like: breed you have chosen and why, what stages your animal travels chosen and why, what stages your animal travels through, nutrition information, how you market/ through, nutrition information, how you market/

package package Use correct vocabularyUse correct vocabulary!!

Important to know!Important to know!

Beef cattle reproduce through: Beef cattle reproduce through: Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination

Beef are Flight AnimalsBeef are Flight AnimalsWe use their Flight Zone to move themWe use their Flight Zone to move them

Hormones are injected and Hormones are injected and monitored by the : FDA monitored by the : FDA

Vocabulary Sheet Vocabulary Sheet

HerdHerd BrandingBranding RegistrationRegistration Average Daily GainAverage Daily Gain FeedlotFeedlot BSEBSE

FinishingFinishing Cow/Calf OperationCow/Calf Operation Hobby FarmHobby Farm

Test Review Test Review Vocab: Herd, Branding, Registration, Average Vocab: Herd, Branding, Registration, Average

Daily Gain, Feedlot, Cow/Calf Operation, Daily Gain, Feedlot, Cow/Calf Operation, Crossbreeding, Grass Fed, Grain Fed, TMRCrossbreeding, Grass Fed, Grain Fed, TMR

1. What are the parts of the beef digestion 1. What are the parts of the beef digestion tract? tract?

2. What are the major cuts of Beef?2. What are the major cuts of Beef? 3. What is the purpose of a feedlot?3. What is the purpose of a feedlot? 4. What are the 4 major management 4. What are the 4 major management

practices in Beef cattle?practices in Beef cattle? 5. What types of feed do beef cattle receive 5. What types of feed do beef cattle receive

and why?and why? 6. What categories are beef breeds put into? 6. What categories are beef breeds put into?

What are common characteristics that we What are common characteristics that we look for in these breeds? look for in these breeds?