Introduction Status of Accelerator Operation * J-PARC Upgrade Plan * Summary

Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06] NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6th – 10th November 2012

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK

J-PARC Upgrade Plan forFuture and Beyond T2K

T.Ishida Neutrino Experimental Facility Group

J-PARC / KEK

[CONTENTS] 1. Introduction2. Status of Accelerator

Operation*3. J-PARC Upgrade Plan*4. Summary

1

* By courtesy of T. Koseki (J-PARC)



1. Introduction

2



T2K: The 1st experiment with J-PARC n facility

Discovery of nm ne oscillation (ne appearance)Precision measurement of nm disappearanceOpen possibility to explore CPV in lepton sector

3



T2K ne Appearance Result[data until Jun.2012] 　

11 candidate events are observed with 3.01x1020potNexp=3.22±0.43(sin22q13=0)

10.71±1.10 ( =0.1)Probability=0.08%(3.2s)

4

The 1st ne event after EQ (Mar.2012)

Evidence of ne appearance


Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Next Step of T2K

Systematic error reaches already as small as 10% owing to near detector.We can achieve 5s significance with ~8x1020 pot. It is within our reach before shutdown in summer, 2013.

5

Near Detector Observation

(MeV)



6J-PARC P32 (LAr TPC R&D), arXiv:0804.2111

J-PARC+HK @ Kamioka Fid. Mass 560kt, L=295km OA=2.5deg

J-PARC+LAr @ Okinoshima 100kt, L=658km OA=0.78deg

LoI: The Hyper-Kamiokande ExperimentSubmitted Sep.2011 [arXiv:1109.3262v1],

Current: T2K J-PARC ~0.75MW

+ 50kt WC @ 295km 2.5°

Future LBL plans using J-PARC


Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK nm→ne probability

Required Run-TimeTo discover CPV:

10 years x 750kWWC: 3yr x 750kW (n) + 7yr (nbar)LiqAr: 10yr x 750kW (n)

7

Normal hierarchyNeutrino Anti-neutrino

295km

658km

First max.1.2-1.4GeV

Second max.0.4GeV



Expected ne CC candidates (HK LOI)

To go to CPV discovery, intensity upgrade of J-PARC is the key

sin22θ13=0.1

stat. error only stat. error onlyν e c

andi

date

sdi

ff. fr

om δ

=0 c

ase

δ=0δ=1/2π

δ=πδ=3/2π

δ=0δ=1/2π

δ=πδ=3/2π

δ=1/2πδ=π

δ=3/2πδ=1/2π

δ=πδ=3/2π

0.75MW×3yrs 0.75MW×7yrs~4,000signal

~2,000signal



2. Status of Accelerator Operation

9



Hadron Experimental Hall Main Ring

A round = 1,568m Materials and Life

Science Facility （ MLF)

3GeV RCSA round=348m

LINAC(330m)

Neutrino Beam3NBT

3-50BT

Transmutation Experimental Facility

Near Neutrino Detectors

FY01~08 ConstructionNov. 2006~ 　 LINACOct. 2007~ 　 RCSMay 2008~ 　 MLF/MRDec. 2008~ MR@30GeVJan. 2009 　 HadronApr. 2009 　 Neutrino

Neutrino Target Station

January 2008

J-PARCJapan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

Joint project btw. KEK & JAEA 10


Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Beam delivery from RCS to MLF

Beam power [kW]Availability [%]Accumulated beam power [MWh]Accumulated beam power (New target) [MWh]

Bea

m P

ower

[kW

]

Ava

ilabi

lity

[%]

Acc

umul

ated

Bea

m P

ower

[MW

h]

Stable operation of 275 kW successfully demonstrated

11

• Design Intensity:1MW



Delivered POT to Neutrino Facility

(MR Fast Extraction)

After earthquake, beam operation resumed in the same year, and physics run resumed within one year. Stable operation at ~190kW achieved, 1x1014ppp (1.26x1013x8b) is the world record of extracted protons per pulse for synchrotrons.

12

Del

iver

ed #

of P

roto

ns Protons Per Pulse

1.43x1020potuntil Mar.11,’11

3.01x1020pot Jun.9’121x1014ppp

6 bunchesRep=3.52s50kW

8 bunches3.2s145kW

8 bunches2.92 2.56s~190kW

Physics Runresumed on Mar.8, 2012

Beam resumed on Dec.24,2011[w/o horn operation]Dec.24,25, 2011Jan 20-25, 2012Run-1 Run-2 Run-3



High power operation in FX mode

( March 5 to June 9, 2012)

Delivered beam power is limited by beam loss at the injection / collimator section.Ring collimator upgrade was being taken place during 2012 summer shutdown. The capacity is now enlarged to 2kW.

1ms average10 µs average

200kW

100kW

1000W

400W

600W

MR Power [kW]

Beam loss [W]

Mar.5 Jun.9

450WCapacity of Collimator

13



3. J-PARC Upgrade Plan

14



30mA181MeV

50mA 400Me

V

LINAC Upgrade New accelerating structure,

ACS, will be installed to increase the extracted beam energy from 181MeV to 400MeV Front-end part (IS+RFQ) will be

replaced to increase peak current from 30mA to 50m These installations are

scheduled in 2013 shutdown

Repetition: 25Hz, Pulse width: 0.5ms

RF antenna colab.w SNS ACS, Annular Coupled Structure linac

15



0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Power upgrade for Linac & RCSPo

wer

[M

W]

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015JFY

Original power upgrade plan of RCS to MLF

Linac

400MeV

Ion source, RFQ

RCS

400MeV Inj.

Realignment

Fabrication, Offline test

R&D, Fabrication, Offline test

Installation, Beam test

User operation, Power increase

R&D, Fabrication, Offline test

Budget for the Linac and the RCS upgrade is mostly secured.

Revised plan

We revise the power-up curve after the earthquake: shifted 6 months.



For Higher Beam Power in MR Fast Extraction

Number of particles in one pulse is limited by the beam loss due to the space charge effect

~450kW is estimated upper limit with current apparatus

To achieve higher beam power :

1. Higher beam energy than 30 GeV (Original plan)

2. Higher repetition rate than 0.4 Hz

17

Np=2.2 x 1014 pppBeam power: 435 kW at 30 GeV / 0.4 Hz

Beam loss ~ 1.3 kW

AccelerationInjection

Time (s)

Sur

viva

l rat

io

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

1.00

0 0.1 0.2 0.3

Tracking simulation of the MR fast extraction with space charge effect



Magnet Saturation in the 50 GeV operation

The saturation effect deteriorates the field quality of the main magnets

Total magnet power consumption for 50GeV operation is x4 times larger than that for 30GeV. Considering the situation after the earthquake, the high electric cost is fatal disadvantage for the higher beam energy option.

18

Ratio of B-field for dipole magnets

Ratio of total magnet power consumptionY(mm)

~30GeV

40GeV

50GeV

50G

eV

50GeV

40GeV

30GeV

P50GeV= 2P40GeV = 4P30GeV

1.00

1.01

0.99

0.98

0.97

0.96


Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK For 1 Hz Operation

19

PS Building #3

PS Building #1 PS B

uild

ing

#2

FX/RF section

Injection/collimator

section

(4) Upgrade of ring collimator section 2kW3.5kW

(1) Replacement of the magnet power supplies

All the main magnet power supplies will be replaced with newly developed high rep./low ripple

PS. A new PS building to be constructed.

New

PS

B

uild

ing

(3) Upgrade of injection and extraction devices (2) Replacement of

the rf cavitiesNew magnetic core

material, which has x2 times higher

impedance than present one, is

developed.

80cm

T=2.5cm60kg

Condenser bankFor energy recoverySX

sect

ion



The Medium-Term Plan of the MR-FX until 2017

We adopt the high repetition rate scheme to achieve the design beam intensity, 750 kW.Rep. rate will be increased from ~ 0.4 Hz to ~1 Hz by replacing magnet PS’s and RF cavitiesA new budget is needed for replacing MR main magnets.

20

JFY 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2016 2017

LINAC upgrade

FX power [kW] 150 200 300 400 750

Cycle time of main magnet PSNew magnet PS for high rep.

3.04 s 　 2.56 s 2.4 s 1.3 s

Present RF system New high gradient rf system

Install. #7,8 Install. #9

Ring collimatorsAdditional shields

Add.collimators and shields(2kW)

Add.collimators (3.5kW)

Injection systemFX system

New injection kicker

R&DManufactureinstallation/test

R&D

Kicker PS improvement 、 Septum 2 manufacture /test

LF septum, PS for HF septa manufacture /test

Manufactureinstallation/test


Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Project Review by MEXT

21

On March~May 2012, progress of the J-PARC project in the recent 5 years was evaluated by a review committee at Monka-Syo, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology in Japan (MEXT). An evaluation report was issued.

The 5-year medium term plan (2013~2017) was endorsed by the review committee.

For MR, scenarios for Multi-MW output beam power for neutrino experiment, are being discussed

One of feasible schemes: Introduce 8 GeV emittance damping ring betw. RCS and MRThe detailed scheme for the future MW proton driver is to be discussed in the next five years, to submit budget proposal to the government in 2018 or later.



Doubled Rep.rate: Impact to Neutrino Facility ?

Thermal shock will be reduced for equipments which are exposed to beam directly (Target, beam window, profile monitor, beam dump…)

Cf. T2K Target: ΔT = 200K/spill @ 750kW, Safety factor = ~3.5 for original design

For doubled rep.rate option, ΔT = 100K/spill, Safety Factor= ~7 (?) T.Nakadaira’s talk.

Heat load for equipments will stay same. Cf. T2K Target: ~60kJ/spill @ 750kW

Fatigue of horns will become more severe. Update of power suppliesReconfiguration of bus-bar & strip line layout

T.Sekiguchi’s talk

22


Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 4. Summary

T2K achieved 3.2 s significance for nmne appearance signal using 3x1020POT.

11 candidate events. Need more statistics. We can achieve 5s significance with ~8x1020 pot. It is within our reach before shutdown in summer, 2013.To going to precision q13 measurements and further CPV discovery, upgrade of J-PARC acc. is quite essential.

Upgrade of J-PARC acceleratorsTo increase #p/bunch

Increase MR collimator capability (2012 Summer; done)Upto 450W 2KW loss

LINAC frontend upgrade (2013 Summer)Ion source, RFQ : 30mA 50mA

LINAC energy upgrade to 400MeV (2013 summer)To realize MR 750kW operation, doubled rep.rate option is chosen.

Need to replace all magnet power supplies in ~5yrsNeed higher gradient RF core.

The mid-term plan is endorsed by the committee at MEXT.23



Backups

24



Expected ContoursNormal mass hierarchy (known)

- Good sensitivity for CPV

7.5MW ・years 5% systematics on signal, νμ BG, νe BG, ν/ν

True points

Reactor q13 exps.(1σ)



2% all syst

σ

true δ (π)High Sensitivity to CPV w/ <~5% sys. error

5% all syst

10% all syst

26

CPV Discovery Sensitivity7.5MWyearsin22θ13=0.1normal MH

74% region of δ covered at 3σ w/ 5% sys. error

(w/ Mass Hierarchy known)



On going R&Ds (1) - Power supply for main magnets-

- A small scale prototype model is manufactured and testing in 2011/2012.- A real scale prototype for one of the quadrupole families will be manufactured and tested in 2012 and 2013.- Technical review committee meeting for the power supply R&D will be held in October 2nd , 2012.

- High rep rate (~1 Hz): Energy recovery using condenser bank- Small current deviation: Current feedback, voltage feed-forward, NPC chopper..



On going R&Ds (2) - MA (Magnetic Alloy) loaded rf cavity with higher shunt impedance -

A type of MA cores, FT3L (made by Hitachi metals), which is processed by annealing with magnetic field, shows higher impedance than FT3M, the present core used in J-PARC synchrotrons.We have manufactured the real size core of FT3L for the rf cavity of the MR in the J-PARC site in collaboration with Hitachi metals.

The FT3L core has the impedance approximately twice of the FT3M.

FT3M: annealing w/o magnetic field

FT3L: annealing w/ magnetic field

The first manufactured real size FT3L core

Diameter 80 cm, thickness 2.5 cm, weight 60 kg.

Six FT3L cores are used at one gap of the cavity tank in the #9 cavity, which is installed in the 2012 summer shutdown.

Frequency [MHz]

µQf



3.0 GeV Inj: Ave Inj loss 3.2% (2.4 kW Inj loss for MR 750 kW)

3.2 GeV Inj: Ave Inj loss 1.5% (1.2 kW Inj loss for MR 750 kW )

Simulation of beam survival in the injection period of the MR for the RCS 1MW eq. beam (4e13 ppb)

Injection energy and beam loss in the MR

3.4 GeV

3.6 GeV

6.0 GeV

Beam survival ratio is drastically increased by higher beam momentum.

Time [s]0 0.04 0.08 0.12

Surv

ival

ratio

0.94

1.0

0.96

0.98



Beta & Dispersion for 1-superperiod

b x,y

(m)

h x,y

(m)

H & V

s (m)

Design of the 8-GeV BR : Lattice & parameters

8-GeV BRIN

J+CO

LLRF CAVs

RF CAVs

EXT

3-GeV RCS 8-GeV BR

Circumference 348.333 m 696.666 m

Super-periodicity 3 4

Injection energy 400 MeV 3 GeV

Extraction energy 3 GeV 8 GeV

Repetition 25 Hz 25 Hz

Ramping pattern Sinusoidal Sinusoidal

Transition energy 9 GeV 15 GeV

Harmonic number 2 4

Number of bunches 2 2

Momentum acceptance

±1% ±1%

Ring acceptance 486p mm mrad

189p mm mrad

Collimator aperture 324p mm mrad

126p mm mrad

Parameters of the RCS and 8 GeV BR



Documents

Introduction Status of Accelerator Operation * J-PARC Upgrade Plan * Summary