Introduction of Wireless Communication in Smart Grid

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Introduction of Wireless Communication in Smart Grid

CATR-CTTL


Outline

Introduction of Smart Grid

Standardization of Smart Grid

Wireless communication in Smart Grid

Introduction of CATR work on Smart Grid



• What is Smart Grid• The Architecture of Smart Grid• Typical Applications of Smart Grid


What is Smart Grid (1)• Today’s Electric Grid

Centralized, bulk generationHeavy reliance on coal, natural gas Limited automationLimited situational awarenessConsumers lack data to manage energy usage


What is Smart Grid (2)• Smart Grid


What is Smart Grid (3)• What is “Smart Grid”?

– Tomorrow’s so-called “Smart Grid” is a means of next-generation energy delivery and measurement. It aims to deliver and monitor electricity consumption using multidirectional technologies that dynamically allocate and meter power flows to ensure increased efficiency, savings, and reliability. (NIST)

– “an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances. It incorporates into the grid the benefits of distributed computing and communications to deliver real-time information and enable the near-instantaneous balance of supply and demand at the device level.” (DoE-US Department of Energy)


What is Smart Grid (4)• What is “Smart Grid”?

– “a smart grid is the electricity delivery system (from point of generation to point of consumption) integrated with communications and information technology” (IEEE P2030)

– The European Commission defines a Smart Grid as an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it, including generators, consumers and those that do both in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. (EC Smart Grid Task Force http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/taskforce_en.htms)


What is Smart Grid (5)

Today’s Electricity …

Power park

Hydrogen Storage

Industrial DG

Tomorrow’s Choices …

Combined Heat and Power

Fuel Cell

e -

e -

Wind Farms

Rooftop Photovoltaic

s

Remote

Loads

Load as a resource

SMES

Smart Substation

Fuel Cell


Power park

Hydrogen Storage

Industrial DG



Fuel Cell

e -

e -

Wind Farms


s

Remote

Loads

Load as a resource

SMES

Smart Substation

Fuel Cell


Power park

Hydrogen Storage

Industrial DG



Fuel Cell

e -

e -

Wind Farms


s

Remote

Loads

Load as a resource

SMES

Smart Substation

Fuel Cell


The Architecture of Smart Grid (1)


The Architecture of Smart Grid (2)


Typical Applications of Smart Grid (1)• Service Plane

– Billing– E-Commerce– Data Models– Subscription management & activation– Security– Business processes

• Connectivity & Control Plane– Connectivity Plane Functions

• OAM type functions• Traffic engineering, protection restoration

virtualization and routing• Access technologies

– Energy Control Plane Functions• Substation automate, condition monitoring &

diagnosis, supervision & protection• Time synchronization• metering

• Energy Plane– Sensors– Electric storage and interconnection– Transmission and Distribution Power

systems, etc.

Service

Energy

IP NetworkControl


Typical Applications of Smart Grid (2)• Examples of applications and services include:

– Development and deployment of an information network that provides a real-time, demand-side management system for power grids.

– Support for and integration of renewables and distributed generation.– Workflow management systems for the grid.– Demand-response software that allows automated load maintenance.– Protocols for grid wide system interoperability.– Advanced communications to allow distributed energy producers to

pool resources, and to handle variations in supply and demand.


Typical Applications of Smart Grid (3)

• One Typical Application Scenario - HAN


Typical Applications of Smart Grid (4)

• One Typical Application - HAN


Outline






Standardization of Smart Grid• Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T• Activities on Smart Grid in US

– Activities on Smart Grid in NIST– Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE

• Activities on Smart Grid in Europe


Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T (1)• ITU-T established Focus Group on Smart Grid (FG-Smart)• FG-Smart objective

– “to collect and document information and concepts that would be helpful for developing Recommendations to support smart grid from a telecommunication/ICT perspective ...”


Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T (2)• 1st meeting of FG-Smart: 14-16 June 2010, Geneva• More than 25 related organizations invited to 1st meeting• 2nd meeting of FG-Smart: 2-5 Aug 2010, Geneva

• Three Working Groups established– WG 1: Use cases

• Defined 13 use cases so far– WG 2: Requirements– WG 3: Architecture

• Complete Terms of Reference: – www.itu.int/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/tor.html


Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T (3)• Next Steps/Actions

– 3rd FG-Smart meeting: October 2010– 4th FG-Smart meeting: December 2010– 5th FG-Smart meeting: January 2011


Activities on Smart Grid in NIST (1)• NIST: the National Institute of Standards and Technology• Under the United States’ Energy Independence and Security

Act (EISA) of 2007, NIST was given "primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems.”


Activities on Smart Grid in NIST (2)• NIST Three Phase Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability

• NIST rolePHASE 1

Identify an initial set of existing consensus

standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps

PHASE 1Identify an initial set of

existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps

January2009 2010

PHASE 2Establish Smart Grid

Interoperability Panel (SGIP) public-private forum with

governance for ongoing efforts

PHASE 2Establish Smart Grid

Interoperability Panel (SGIP) public-private forum with

governance for ongoing efforts

NIST InteroperabilityFramework 1.0 DraftReleased Sept 2009

Smart Grid Interoperability

Panel established Nov 2009

PHASE 3Conformity Framework

(includes Testing and Certification)

PHASE 3Conformity Framework

(includes Testing and Certification)

NIST InteroperabilityFramework 1.0

Released Jan 2010

Summer 2009 workshops


Activities on Smart Grid in NIST (3)• The Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP), which

represents NIST’s second phase, supports NIST in fulfilling its responsibilities. The SGIP identifies, prioritizes and addresses new and emerging requirements for Smart Grid standards. The SGIP does not “develop” standards; rather coordinates standards development.

• ATIS has been involved in NIST’s Smart Grid initiatives since August 2009 and identified several areas of ICT standards involvement in the NIST Interoperability Framework Process and priority actions plans (PAPs).


Activities on Smart Grid in NIST (4)

Priority Action PlansSmart meter upgradeability standard (PAP 00, completed by NEMA in 2009)

Standard meter data profiles (PAP 05)

Develop common specification for price and product definition (PAP 03)

Develop common scheduling communication for energy transactions (PAP 04)

Standard demand response signals (PAP 09)

Customer energy use information (PAP10)

Energy storage interconnection guidelines (PAP 07)

Interoperability standards to support plug-in electric vehicles (PAP 11)

Wind Interconnection Standards (PAP 16)

Priority Action PlansGuidelines for use of IP protocol suite in the Smart Grid (PAP 01)

Guidelines for the use of wireless communications (PAP 02)

Harmonize power line carrier standards for appliance communications in home (PAP15)

Develop common information model (CIM) for distribution grid management (PAP 08)

DNP3 Mapping to IEC 61850 Objects (PAP12)

Transmission and distribution power systems model mapping (PAP 14)

Harmonization of IEEE C37.118 with IEC 61850 and Precision Time Synchronization (PAP 13)


Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE (1)• In 2009, IEEE began a new and ambitious project,

P2030,developing a guide to Smart Grid interoperability, setting the stage for future standards development related to Smart Grid.

• Title: IEEE Standard 2030 Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology operation with the Electric Power System (EPS) and End-Use Applications and Loads.


Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE (2)• Scope

– This standard provides guidelines for smart grid interoperability. This guide provides a knowledge base addressing terminology, characteristics, functional performance and evaluation criteria, and the application of engineering principles for smart grid interoperability of the electric powersystem with end use applications and loads. The guide discusses alternate approaches to good practices for the smart grid.


Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE (3)• Overall Goals

– Provide guidelines in understanding and defining smart grid interoperability of the electric power system with end-use applications and loads

– Focus on integration of energy technology and information and communications technology

– Achieve seamless operation for electric generation, delivery, and end-use benefits to permit two way power flow with communication and control

– Address interconnection and intra-facing frameworks and strategies with design definitions

– Expand knowledge in grid architectural designs and operation to promote a more reliable and flexible electric power system

– Stimulate the development of a Body of IEEE 2030 smart grid standards and or revise current standards applicable to smart grid body of standards.


Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE (4)TF2 (Task Force 2)

Information Technology

TF3 (Task Force 3)Communications

Technology

TF1 (Task Force 1)Power Engineering

Technologyhttp://smartgrid.ieee.org/


Activities on Smart Grid in Europe (1)• The EU Smart Grids Task Force

(http://www.smartgridtoday.com/public/939.cfm) A Steering Committee and 3 Expert Groups– EG 1. Functionalities of Smart Grids and Smart Meters.– EG 2. Regulatory recommendations for data safety,

data handling & data protection.– EG 3. Roles and responsibilities of actors involved in

the deployment of Smart Grids.


Activities on Smart Grid in Europe (2)• ICT Standardization, the core of ETSI activities

– M2M, Smart Metering – Security– Evolution of Mobile Networks (in 3GPP)

• Enhancements to the 3G/4G networks to support the M2M traffic

– Next Generation Networks (in TISPAN)– Adapting powerline protocols to meet the smart grids

requirements– Smart Card Platform (SCP)– Testing and Interoperability expertise


Activities on Smart Grid in Europe (4)EU

Background: a fragmented electricity marketDeregulation of electricity in some EC statesVision:

Start with a smart metering infrastructure then extend to a smart grid network

US Background: an aging power gridVision:

Smart meters and AMI are part of the toolbox that allows to build a smart grid infrastructure

Need for a global (architecture) approach and for regional implementation

AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Similar end goals but

different paths!


Outline






Wireless communication in Smart Grid• There are a number of advantages for using wireless

communications including:– Anywhere and anytime access to information– Mobility– Interoperability – Reduced cost and complexity– Availability of technologies with different characteristics

to choose from



• All Wireless Communication Technologies in Smart Grid– LTE– HSPA+– UMTS– EDGE– Cdma2000 1x – IEEE 802.16– IEEE 802.11– IEEE 802.15– ……


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• A number of challenges remain to be addressed:

– How to choose among technologies with different characteristics?

– How do we know which technology to use for what Smart Grid application?

– Are there any implications for using a certain wireless technology in a certain environment?

– Are there any deployment? Interference issues?– ……


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• A modeling approach is needed in order to “map”

the Smart Grid Applications requirements onto the network functionality and services in order to consider the following:– Networking infrastructure and topology– Combination of multiple wireless/wired links end-to-end– Link sharing

• NIST_Priority_Action_Plan_2_r04.pdf


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• Step 1: Select a link between two devices;• Step 2: Identify the events that cross this link;• Step 3: Use the information from these events to

calculate the individual contribution of frequency of event and size of application payload

• Step 4: Select one value for each• Step 5: Assume values for missing assumptions• Step 6: Calculate the aggregate traffic using

selections and assumptions


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• Example use of the approach

– Step 1 – Select a link between two devices• The link between the Data Aggregation Point (DAP) and a Smart

Meter


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• Step 2 – Identify the events that cross this link

• Five events are present in the DAP to Smart Meter direction

– 2 for meter reading• Multiple interval metering

reading request• On-demand meter read

requests– 3 for service switch

• Cancel service switch operate request

• Service switch operate request• Service switch state request

• Ten events are present in the Smart Meter to DAP direction– 6 for meter reading

• Multiple interval metering reading request– Commercial/Industrial Gas smart meters– Commercial/Industrial Electric meters– Residential gas smart meters– Residential electric smart meters

• On-demand read request app errors• On-demand meter read data

– 4 for service switch• Send service switch operate

acknowledgement• Send service switch operate failure• Send metrology information after a

success service switch• Send service status data


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• Step 3 – Use the information from these events to

calculate the individual contribution of frequency of event and size of application payload.

• Step 4 – Select one value for each.– DAP to Smart Meter direction


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• Step 4 – Select one value for each.

– Smart Meter to DAP direction


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• Step 5 – Assume values for missing assumptions.

– How many smart meters?• What proportion of types of smart meters?

– Commercial/Industrial Gas smart meters– Commercial/Industry Electric meters– Residential gas smart meters– Residential electric smart meters

– Assume 1000 smart meter attached to a DAP– Assume the following proportions of types of smart meters


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• Step 6 – Calculate the aggregate traffic using

selections and assumptions– Using the selected values from step 4 and the assumed

values from step 5, the aggregate traffic for each direction is calculated below each of the following table.


Wireless communication in Smart Grid– DAP to Smart Meter direction


Wireless communication in Smart Grid– Smart Meter to DAP direction


Wireless communication in Smart Grid• Dual-direction application requirements of payload

rate– DAP to Smart Meter direction

– Smart Meter to DAP direction

-6Number of events per meter per second = 0.152 86400=1.76 10×

-4Number of events per meter per second = 9.221075 86400 =1.07 10×


Outline







• Work done– 5 contributions input to ITU-T Focus Group

• ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0009: Proposal for Terminology• ITU-T FGSG smart-i-00010: Information and telecommunication

requirements to support smart grid • ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0011: Typical use cases of Internet of

Things applied to support smart grid• ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0031: Terms and Definitions List for

Deliverable Terminology• ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0032: Draft Deliverable x: Terminology



• Further interests– Typical use cases of telecommunication technology

applied to support smart grid– Typical use cases of M2M applications related to smart

grid– Interoperability of telecommunication equipments applied

in smart grid (Smart metering, Smart Gateway, ……)


Thank you!Thank you!

Documents

Introduction of Wireless Communication in Smart Grid