P R O F E S S O R T A J A N A S I M U N I C R O S I N G &

W I L L I A M T O R R E ( C E N T E R F O R E N E R G Y R E S E A R C H )

S P R I N G 2 0 1 3

CSE291: Smart Grid

University of California – San Diego

Seminar Outline

Class logistics

Students for S/U:

Prepare one course presentation outlining related publications and projects in a selected area of SmartGrid

Students for a letter grade:

Submit a conference worthy paper in the area of SmartGrid of 6pg minimum in IEEE two column format

10 classes, Wed 2– 3:30pm, CSE 2109

Objective:

To gain and understanding of the power system design

Understand the changing future of the power supply and delivery system.

Introduction to SmartGrid

Review of related publications and projects

Identification of key research areas in the area of SmartGrid

Select topics to be covered

Introduction to Smart Grid

Basics of Power Systems, Power System Analysis & Simulation

Integration of Renewable Energy

Energy Storage

Loads & Demand Side Management Home area networks (HAN), Automated demand response, Electric Vehicles

Smart Grid Communication, Measurement & Control Cyber security, data privacy

Distributed sensing & control, Wide area measurements (i.e. Synchrophasors)

System Reliability & Ancillary Services

Microgrids

Smart Grids & Internet of Things

Introduction to Smart Grid

Smart Grid Clarifications

Smart Grid Defined

Areas affected by Smart Grid

Smart Grid of the Future of Electric supply and demand operation

Key Drivers of Smart Grid

Smart Grid Categories

Basics of Power systems

Network topology

Transmission and Distribution

Load and Resource Balance

Economic Dispatch

Steady State System Analysis

Power flow analysis

Dynamic System Analysis

Transient stability

Integration of Renewable Generation

Impact of high penetration of renewables

High variability and uncertainty

Mitigation measures

Energy storage

Demand response

Ensuring resource adequacy

Sufficient energy resources to meet customer demand

Advanced renewable forecasting

Customer Energy Management

Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI, aka: Smart Meters)

Home area networks (HAN)

Automated demand response

Electric Vehicles

Smart Grid Communications

Cyber security, data privacy Smart meters Home area networks

Distributed control and data collection Advanced sensors

Synchrophasors Low cost wireless sensors

Large data collection and processing Wide area measurements and visualization

Microgrids

Microgrid (sustainable community) concept

Benefits of microgrids

Technical challenges for microgrids

Current Microgrid projects

UCSD microgrid

U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A – S A N D I E G O

A P R I L 3 , 2 0 1 3

W I L L I A M V . T O R R E

C E N T E R F O R E N E R G Y R E S E A R C H

Introduction to Smart Grid

Smart Grid Clarifications

The Grid has always been smart

It’s getting smarter

Significant change in the way power supply system is designed and operated

Improved operational efficiency

Reduced environmental impact

More customer choice

Through application of new technology

Smart Grid Areas

Electric Vehicle Growth

Security

Renewable Growth

Customer Empowerment

SMART

GRID

Integrated & Cross Cutting

Systems

Smart Grid RD&D

Reliability & Safety

Operational Efficiency

Workforce Development

Smart Grid Defined

US DOE Definition of Smart Grid

“Smart grid” generally refers to a class of technologies that people are using to bring utility electricity delivery systems into the 21st century, using computer-based remote control and automation. These systems are made possible by two way digital communications technologies and computer processing that has been used for decades in other industries. They are beginning to be used on electricity networks, from the power plants and wind farms all the way to the consumers of electricity in homes and businesses. They offer many benefits to utilities and consumers – mostly seen in big improvements in energy efficiency and reliability on the electricity grid and in energy users’ homes and offices.

14 14

14 © 2009 San Diego Gas and Electric. All rights reserved.

Grid/Distribution Operations •Numerous systems and data sources to monitor •Manual and paper/image based processes •Limited sensors, monitoring, and operator visualization •Unable to optimize loading

T&D Planning and Asset Management •Limited information for asset maintenance and replacement •Lengthy environmental screening •Intensive mapping and reconciliation

Customer Service, Call Center •Limited information, taking longer to produce for customers •Manual processes with extended service time

Field Operations and Engineering •Time consuming and less targeted crew dispatch •Lengthy process for fault locating and restoration •Paper intensive processes with many hand-offs •Maintenance is time-based

Utility World of Today Business Processes

15 15

15 © 2009 San Diego Gas and Electric. All rights reserved.

Grid/Distribution Operations, EOC •Improved outage identification with integrated OMS/DMS, Smart Meters, and SCADA •Spatial modeling and tracking of major events (e.g. fires, earthquakes, storms) in relation to facilities •Automated switch plan development and execution •Shorter restorations times

T&D Planning and Asset Management •More comprehensive T&D asset studies and visualization •Environmental shopping tool to reduce impacts and streamline permitting •GWD provides more efficient mapping •More complex asset life and maintenance with embedded IT

Customer Service, Call Center • Better and more timely information for customers •Improved customer history •More automated services

Field Operations and Engineering •Reduced emergency response requirements •No trucks roll for initial single no-light calls •More rapid and targeted deployment •Faster resolution of outages and customer power quality problems •Reduced after-hours maintenance through system utilization and load accuracy •Improved facility data for crews (e.g. CIP) •More devices to interrogate and maintain

Utility World of Potential Business Process Changes

16 16 16

Utility World of Today – Technology Applications

16 © 2009 San Diego Gas and Electric. All rights reserved.

Voltage Regulation by Time of Day

Non-Mitigated Distributed Generation

Static Equipment Ratings and No Circuit Self-Healing

Highly Centralized Control

Less targeted response and more manual troubleshooting

and repair

17 17 17

Utility World of Technology Application Changes

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Centralized Wind and Solar Parks

Dynamic Ratings : Transmission Equipment

Dynamic Ratings : Distribution Equipment

Smart Meters with TOU Pricing

Electric Vehicles With Smart

Charging

Residential &

Commercial PV

Integration

Automated control of Distributed

Generation

Advanced Energy Storage

Communicating Fault Circuit Indicators

(Trans & Dist)

SCADA Controlled Automated Capacitor and

Line Switches

Smart Transformers/

Charging

Political and Regulatory Drivers of Smart Grid

• Expanded Options & Improved Response for Customers (AMI, HAN, PEV, Distributed Resources)

• California Regulatory Policy Drivers • CA Loading Order (order of Energy Efficiency, Demand Response, Renewables,

DG) • Finalizing AB-32 Based Regulations (reduce greenhouse gas emissions) • TOU Rates for PEVs • AB2514 Energy Storage, OIR Energy Storage • OIR AFV, OIR Smart Grid, OIR RAM FIT

• Accommodating High Penetration of Renewable Generation

• CPUC-Driven Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS goal of 33% by 2020)

• Accommodating Market Penetration of Electric Vehicles • TOU Rates / Smart Charging / Smart Transformers (direct control by SDG&E) • Impacts of customer charging

• Improved Operating Efficiency and Reliability

Smart Grid Categories

Renewable Integration – Enable and accommodate higher levels of renewable generation to meet state mandated goals, both distributed and central renewable power plants.

Adoption of Electric Vehicles - Enable adoption of new electric vehicle loads while minimizing impact to electric system operations and upgrades of T&D facilities

Improved System Reliability - Maintain and/or Improve Reliability and Safety in Response to Challenges Associated with Renewable Generation and PEVs. Improved operational visibility and automated response.

Resource Adequacy – Ensure that sufficient generating resources are available to meet customer load demand requirements

Customer Choice - Provide more opportunity for customers to have choice for energy management, efficiency improvements, and cost savings.

Challenges with Integration of Renewables

Increased supply volatility - Over 20,000 MW of wind and solar capacity needed for CA 33% renewable energy goal

Uncertainty surrounding thermal resources - About 12,000 MW of once through cooling resources will be repowered or retired

Less predictable load patterns – rooftop solar, electric vehicles, and smart grid

Changing revenue patterns - Decreasing marginal prices and changes in resource operational pattern

Intermittency of PV Solar

Technology Implementation To Mitigate Impact of Renewable Generation

• Advanced Energy Storage

• Capacitor SCADA

• Advanced Weather Station Integration and Forecasting

• Dynamic Voltage Control

• SCADA Expansion

• Dynamic Line Ratings

• Phasor Measurement Units

Electric Vehicle Load Impact

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

Noon

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Midnight

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Midnight

Best Case PEV Load

Worst Case PEV Load

On-peak Off-peak Off-peak Super Off-peak

MW

24kWh,3.3kW@240V,13A

8 hr charge 53kWh, 17kW@240V, 70A

3.5 hr charge

Expected Increase in EVs

Cumulative and annual PEV sales (2010 to 2020)BEVs and PHEVs (x 1,000)

24.1

38.6

56.9

79.3

106.1

140.1

183.6

236.6

2.6

3.7

5.6

8.4

12.01

16.5

21.6

27.5

1.1 5.2 13.10.2 2.1 2.2

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Cumulative BEVs

Cumulative PHEVs

Annual PEV sales

Smart Grid Reliability Improvement

Faster identification and isolation of faulted circuits

Quicker restoration of customer load

Automated switching, self healing

Maintain power quality to customers with increasing renewable penetration

Accommodate new customer loads (i.e. Evs)

Smart Grid Distribution Reliability

DISTRIBUTION Reliability

• Advanced Ground Fault Detection

• Advanced Weather Station Integration and Forecasting Capabilities (T&D)

• Wireless Faulted Circuit Indicators

• Phase Identification

• Smart Isolation and Reclosing

• Arc Detection (T&D)

• Outage Management System/Distribution Management System (Operational Efficiency)

Smart Grid Transmission Reliability

TRANSMISSION Reliability • Automated Fault Location • Composite Core Conductor • Advanced System Planning Tools • Dynamic Voltage and VAR Control • Energy Storage for Transmission Reliability • Real Time Voltage Stability Program • Synchrophasors (Transmission) • Convert Manual Switches to Remote SCADA

Operation • Fiber Optic and Wireless Communication System

Ensure Resource Adequacy

Fewer base load generation plants

Increase variable and less predictable renewable resource generation

Balance load and generation

Spinning Reserve for emergencies

Renewable Generation Does Not Follow Load Demand

Resource Mix Required in Future

Wider Operating Range (lower Pmin)

Generation

Dispatchable Wind and

Solar

Voltage Support & Frequency Response

Storage

Regulation & Fast Ramping

Peak Load Reduction

Demand Response

Load Shift

Overgeneration Mitigation

Renewable Firming

Customer Smart Grid

Customer plays a more participative role in energy consumption and generation

Customer owned generation

Customer owned energy storage

Dynamic rates

Direct Display of consumption and costs

Automated appliances

Connected Home of the Future

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Solar Panels

Insulation

Solar Thermal Water Heating

Cool Roof

Energy Efficient Appliances

Smart Appliances

High Efficiency Gas Furnace

Tankless Condensing Water Heater

240 Volt Load Controller

Pool Pump

Wind

Plug-In Charger

Gateway

In-Home Display

Customer Portal

Mobile App

Smart Meter

Plug Load Controller

High Efficiency A/C

Energy Storage

EE Lighting

EE Appliance

Smart Appliances

Programmable Communicating Thermostat

Questions