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Introduction to Medical Illustration
PLME 0400
Drawing 8Figure and organ drawing
• Proportions and relationships
Figure and Organ Drawing
thedrawingsource.com medium.com
• Proportions and relationships
Figure and Organ Drawing
Vitruvian man (Leonardo Da Vinci)Paul Richer – Artistic anatomy
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• Paul Richer– Assistant to Dr. Jean‐Martin Charcot
Figure and Organ Drawing
André Brouillet (1887) Une leçon Clinique à la Salpétrière
Paul Richer – Stages of hysterical epilepsy (opisthotonus)
• Paul Richer– Assistant to Dr. Jean‐Martin Charcot– Artistic Anatomy: manual used by Impressionists
• Renoir, Braque, Degas, Bazille
Figure and Organ Drawing
Edgar Degas
Paul Richer (1889) Anatomie artistique
Pierre‐Auguste RenoirGeorges Braque
• Proportions and relationships– Paul Richer– Robert Hale– Andrew Loomis
Figure and Organ Drawing
Stan Prokopenko
Figure and Organ Drawing
• Proportions and relationships– Based on external observation (model drawing)– Build the contour first, then fill in details
Stan Prokopenko
• Use your knowledge of anatomy• Regardless of your future specialty
– You will get better– You will become more focused (area of expertise)
Figure and Organ Drawing
• Radiographs show you the skeletal anatomy
Figure and Organ Drawing
Figure and Organ Drawing
• Use your knowledge of anatomy• Relations between bones, muscles, skin
Figure and Organ Drawing
• Use your knowledge of anatomy• Built layers
Figure and Organ Drawing
• Use your knowledge of anatomy
• Use your knowledge of anatomy• Break it down to bones and joints
– Think of how joints move– Think of where the joints are
Figure and Organ Drawing
Figure and Organ Drawing
Figure and Organ Drawing
• Use your knowledge of anatomy• Break it down to bones and joints• Understand how structures relate to each other
– But be aware of the dangers!– Keep proportions in mind!
Figure and Organ Drawing
Figure and Organ Drawing
Start with the head: reasonable skull proportions
Figure and Organ Drawing
Head and thorax are connected by the neckFor example, sternocleidomastoid muscle
Figure and Organ Drawing
Scapula connects thorax and arm
Figure and Organ Drawing
Humerus fits into the glenoid of the scapula
Figure and Organ Drawing
Radius and ulna are ± the length of the humerus
Figure and Organ Drawing
Add the hand bones…
Figure and Organ Drawing
…and you get a very sad, disproportionate man…
• External anatomy: model drawing– Artists paint what they see
• Internal anatomy: requires anatomic knowledge• Know what’s in the box• Know the box
Figure and Organ Drawing
• Know what’s in the box• Know the box• Have a sense of the body cavity or body part• The “box” must contain all the organs• How do the organs relate to each other?
Figure and Organ Drawing
Figure and Organ Drawing
Right upper quadrantRight upper quadrant Left upper quadrantLeft upper quadrant
Right lower quadrantRight lower quadrant Left lower quadrantLeft lower quadrant
Arteries, veins, ducts, ligaments connect the organs
Figure and Organ Drawing
Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric
vein
Superior mesenteric
vein
Pancreatic duct
Pancreatic duct
Bile ductsBile ducts
Ampulla in the duodenum
Ampulla in the duodenum
Right upper quadrantRight upper quadrant Left upper quadrantLeft upper quadrant
Right lower quadrantRight lower quadrant Left lower quadrantLeft lower quadrant
Arteries, veins, ducts, ligaments connect the organs
• Just like with skeletal anatomy:• Radiographs help contain the organs
– Use them for shape outlines– Rely on your knowledge to represent relationships
Figure and Organ Drawing
• Radiographs help contain the organs– Air in hollow viscus
Figure and Organ Drawing
StomachDuo‐
denum
Cecum
Sigmoid colon
Small bowel
• Radiographs help contain the organs– Air in hollow viscus
Figure and Organ Drawing
StomachDuo‐
denum
Cecum
Sigmoid colon
Small bowel
• Radiographs help contain the organs
Figure and Organ Drawing
Liver StomachDuo‐
denumPancreas
Spleen
L kidney
R kidney
Cecum
Appendix Bladder
Small bowel
Sigmoid colon
• Radiographs help contain the organs– Contrast studies, CT, MRI images
Figure and Organ Drawing
• Use your knowledge of anatomy• Break it down to bones and joints• Radiographs help contain the organs
– Use them for shape outlines– Rely on your knowledge to represent relationships
Figure and Organ Drawing
Figure and Organ Drawing
R innominate VL Carotic A
Aortic archR innominate V
SVC
L Carotic A
Aortic arch
Pulmonary A
Ductus Arteriosus
R atrium
R ventricleL ventricle
Trachea
L Phrenic N
Figure and Organ Drawing
R innominate VL Carotic A
Aortic archR innominate V
SVC
L Carotic A
Aortic arch
Pulmonary A
Ductus Arteriosus
R atrium
R ventricleL ventricle
Trachea
L Phrenic N
L Phrenic N
Figure and Organ Drawing
R innominate VL Carotic A
Aortic archR innominate V
SVC
L Carotic A
Aortic arch
Pulmonary A
Ductus Arteriosus
R atrium
R ventricleL ventricle
Trachea
