George Wang

September 1, 2010

Ginglish is a language based on English. The major difference between Ginglish and English is in spelling. Ginglish spelling is phonetic with integrity. Ginglish is much easier to read and write than English. It will save the time that people are spending on memorizing English spellings. It will help achieve 100% literacy of the population.

Ginglish uses 26 alphabetical letters used in English. In Ginglish, vowels and consonants are logically defined. Vowels are represented by a, e, i, o, u, r, and combinations of them, where r is a special vowel. There are 29 letters and letter combinations to represent consonants.

Since the pronunciation of an English word may vary because of different accents or situations, it makes word spellings complicated. There are two ways that Ginglish deals with spelling.

1. Formal Spelling

The spelling of a word is formed from a common English pronunciation of the English word. When the pronunciation of a word varies, the spelling of the word stays as it is originally defined from the common pronunciation.

2. Straight Spelling

A word may have multiple spellings if it is pronounced differently. The spellings match the exact pronunciations.

Formal spelling is used to define the spellings of words formally in Ginglish. It unifies the spellings. Straight spelling is more suitable for denoting the exact pronunciations of words. While the basic spelling rules are applicable to both formal spelling and straight spelling, we focus on formal spelling. We use straight spelling when explaining exact pronunciations.

Ginglish vowels are listed in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3.

Ginglish consonants are listed in Table 4.

Table 1 Single Letter Vowels

a e i o u r

Table 2 Vowels with More Than One Letter without r

aa ae ai ao ee ie oe oi oo ou ue

Table 3 Vowels with More Than One Letter Including r

ar er ir or ur aer ear ier oar oer oir oor our uer

Table 4 Consonants

b ch d f g h hw j k l m n ng nk p

q r s sh sz t th v w x xh y z zh

Table 5 through Table 8 shows examples of vowels and consonants. These examples help understand how the vowels and consonants are defined.

Table 5 Single Letter Vowel Examples

Note: r is a special vowel.

Vowels Ginglish Word Examples Corresponding English Words

a about, foekas, koma about, focus, comma

e bed, ever, hed bed, ever, head

i dig, finisht, it dig, finished, it,

o hot, ikonami, od hot, economy, odd

u muzher, nut, up mother, nut, up

Table 6 Examples of Vowels with More Than One Letter without r

Note: There are also other combinations such as ea, io, etc. They are not listed because they either can be used directly without a need for special treatment or are not commonly used.

Vowels Ginglish Word Examples Corresponding English Words

aa faazher, kaam, paam father, calm, palm

ae aed, dae, raet aid, day, rate

ai aipl, hait, pais apple, hat, pass

ao aol, laost, sao all, lost, saw

ee dileet, eech, see delete, each, see

ie dinie, hied, iedia deny, hide, idea

oe goe, roed, toe go, road, toe

oi boil, oil, toi boil, oil, toy

oo good, poot, took good, put, took

ou out, loud, nou out, loud, now

ue fued, myuezik, sue food, music, sue

Table 7 Examples of Vowels with More Than One Letter Including r

Note: There are also other combinations such as air, eer, etc. They are not listed because they either can be used directly without a need for special treatment or are not commonly used.

Vowels Ginglish Word Examples Corresponding English Words

ar arm, farm, kar arm, farm, car

er aifternuen, forwerd, kumer afternoon, forward, comer

ir dir, eezir, hiroe dear,easier, hero

or for, formd, or for, formed, or

ur burd, urj, urli bird, urge, early

aer laer, paer, plaer layer, payer, player

ear dear, ear, wear dare, air, wear

ier fier, plierz, tierd fire, pliers, tired

oar foarist, hoarer, koaral forest, horror, coral

oer foloer, loer, moer follower, lower, mower

oir distroir, imploir, koir destroyer, employer, coir

oor poor, toor, toorist poor, tour, tourist

our flour, our, pour flour, our, power

uer bruer, newer, stuerd brewer, newer, steward

Table 8 Consonant Examples

Consonants Ginglish Word Examples Corresponding English Words

b boi, baebi, sub boy, baby, sub

ch chek, naecher, woch check, nature, watch

d dig, dog, red dig, dog, red

f free, ofer, tuf free, offer, tough

g biger, good, graet bigger, good, great

h ahed, hoeps, hot ahead, hopes, hot

hw hwear, hwich, hwot where, which, what

j aej, bujet, just age, budget, just

k chek, kyuet, maeks, check, cute, makes

l lief, list, stil life, list, still

m mor, sumer, tiem more, summer, time

n diner, injoiabl, snoe dinner, enjoyable, snow

ng long, singer, songz long, singer, songs

nk baink, linkt, think bank, linked, think

p keep, poot, speling keep, put, spelling

q qik, qoliti, sqear quick, quality, square

r rest, run, verri rest, run, very

s faesiz, promis, start faces, promise, start

sh poosh, shop, staeshan push, shop, station

sz baesz, teliviszan, treszer beige, television, treasure

t beter, its, tops better, its, tops

th maith, nuthing, thrue math, nothing, through

v saevz, stoev, voet saves, stove, vote

w awae, wear, wontid away, wear, wanted

x aixes, aixis, exeedid access, axis, exceeded

xh ainxhas, kanexhan, inflexhan anxious, connection, inflexion

y unyan, yes, yung onion, yes, young

z buz, eezi, zue buzz, easy, zoo

zh breezh, wezher, zhis breathe, weather, this

There are English words which have strong forms and weak forms in pronunciations. There are cases in which a Ginglish word spelling is derived from a weak form because the weak form is more common or the derived spelling is briefer or easier to tell from other words.

For example, spelling az is derived from a weak form of English word as, ta is from to, an is from an, bi is from be, am is from am, kan is from can, and is from and, wi is from we, hi is from he, shi is from she, hav is from have, and yoo is from you. These words can be pronounced differently in different situations.

Ginglish has some simple rules. Letter r can be in a vowel, a consonant, or both. Single r following a, e, i, o or u is part of a vowel. Double r (rr) following a, e, i, o or u is generally not part of a vowel.

Special words are written as the ways they are and generally starting with an upper case letter. For example, word English is a special word.

Possessive ’s is always ’s. ’s is pronounced differently following different group word endings. Apostrophe ’ by itself following a plural ended with s, x, or z to form a possessive plural is silent. The pronunciations of ’s are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 Pronunciations of ’s

After Word Ending p, t, k, f, th ch, j, s, sh, sz, x, xh, z, other

Pronunciation s iz z

Apostrophe ’ is used with a letter or letters to represent contraction words. Table 10 shows commonly used contraction words. ’s in Table 10 follows the same pronunciation rule as shown in Table 9. Other contraction words in Table 10 pronounce as there is not an apostrophe.

Table 10 Some Generally Used Contraction Words with an Apostrophe

Ginglish English Function in English Ginglish Examples Corresponding English

’d ’d contraction of would or

had

hi’d, hue’d, I’d, it’d,

shi’d, wi’d, yoo’d,

zhae’d

he’d, who’d, I’d, it’d, she’d,

we’d, you’d, they’d

’l ’ll contraction of will or

shall

hi’l, hue’l, I’l, shi’l,

wi’l, yoo’l, zhae’l

he’ll, who’ll, I’ll, she’ll,

we’ll, you’ll, they’ll

’m ’m contraction of am I’m I’m

’r ’re contraction of are hue’r, yoo’r, zhae’r who’re, you’re, they’re

’s ’s contraction of does hwot’s what’s

’s ’s contraction of has hi’s, hue’s, hou’s, hwot’s,

it’s, shi’s, zhear’s

he’s, who’s, how’s, what’s,

it’s, she’s, there’s

’s ’s contraction of is hear’s, hi’s, hou’s, hue’s,

hwot’s, it’s, shi’s, zhear’s

here’s, he’s, how’s, who’s,

what’s, it’s, she’s, there’s

’s ’s contraction of us let’s let’s

n’t n’t contraction of not aen’t, arn’t, doen’t,

duzn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t,

havn’t, izn’t, kan’t,

shain’t, shoodn’t, woen’t,

woodn’t

ain’t, aren’t, don’t, doesn’t,

hadn’t, hasn’t, haven’t, isn’t,

can’t, shan’t shouldn’t,

won’t, wouldn’t

’v ’ve contraction of have I’v, wi’v, yoo’v, zhae’v I’ve, we’ve, you’ve, they’ve

Since the spelling is unified in formal spelling, the pronunciation of a word may sometimes be different for different English speakers such as American English speakers and British English speakers.

British English speakers pronounce vowels aa and ar the same, such as the ones in words paam and farm, and vowels a and er the same, such as in words koma and kumer. For British English speakers, o is pronounced as o. For American English speakers, o in most words is pronounced as o and in some words may be pronounced differently (e.g. the o in word dog may be pronounced differently from the o in word hot).

ue in some words, such as in word sue, is pronounced as ue by American English speakers and ue or yue by British English speakers. ai in some words, such as in word pais, is pronounced as ai by American English speakers and aa by British English speakers. i at the end of some words, such as in word ikonami, is pronounced as i by British English speakers and i or ee by American English speakers.

Ginglish is a language based on English. Ginglish spelling is phonetic with integrity. Its vowels and consonants are logically defined. It makes spelling much easier than English.

Ginglish is a great language. It will save people’s time. It will help achieve 100% literacy of the population.

The following is an example of Ginglish:

Ginglish iz graet. Its speling iz eezi and injoiabl.