Intro to Cells

TPJ 3M

Heath Care

Nicole Klement

What is a Cell?

Latin for ““small room” A cell is the functional and structural unit of all living organisms What is Considered a ““Living” organism? Found as early as 1632 by Antony van Leeuwenhoek The Cell Theory ----1839 by the German botanist Matthias

Jakob Schleiden and German physiologist Theodore Schwann

Types of Cells

ProkaryoticBacteriaArchaea

EukaryoticUnicellular

ProtistsMulti-cellular

FungiPlantsAnimals

Prokaryotic Cells

Characteristics Old Greek for “Before nut (kernel)” Unicellular (some multi-cellular in very rare cases) Lacks a membrane bound nucleus Lacks membrane bound organelles Has a cell membrane (cell wall) Has ribosomes (protein production) Circular DNA

Example of a Prokaryotic Cell

Bacteria

Greek for “small stick ” Most Abundant Organism Found in all environments Many are Beneficial to

Everyday Needs Some are Pathogens (can

make you sick) Move by Flagella or by

Gliding Asexual Reproduction

Bacteria – E.Coli

Archaea

Greek for ““old ones”” Identified in 1977 by Carl Woese of the University of

Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and George Fox Extremophiles (like extreme conditions) Mesophiles Found in Living Organisms Two Groups: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota

Archaebacteria in Yellowstone Geisers

Kingdoms

Eukaryotes

Unicellular (ex: Protists) Multicellular (ex: fungi, plants, animals) Membrane bound nucleus Contain Organelles Linear DNA

Example of a Eukaryotic Cell

Protists

Categories of Protists:

ProtozoaAnimal likeMotileFeed by Phagocytosis

AlgaePlant likeUses photosynthesis for its nutrients Some motile, some are not

Fungi

All come from a common ancestor Thought to be more related to animals then

plants Most are symbiotic Lack organs Reproduce sexually or asexually Many are used in everyday human life

Example; Fungi Cell

Plant Cells

Has a cell wall made of cellulose Has a large central vacuole Can photosynthesize Contains Chloroplasts which contain

Chlorophyll The cells differentiate in to dermal tissue,

vascular tissue, or ground tissue or tissue

Plant cell

Example of a Plant Cell

Animal Cells

• Unicellular and Multicellular• Lacks a Cell Wall and Chloroplasts• Small Vacuoles • Appear spherical in shape• Contains a variety of Organelles

Example of an Animal Cell

Typical Eukaryotic Animal Cell

Different types of animal cells

Red blood cell - human Heart cell-

beating

Breast Cancer

Cheek cell- human

Sperm Cell Eye cell

Viruses: the exception

Latin for ““poison”” Does not meet all the criteria of “Life” Not made up of cells Contains DNA or RNA, but not usually both Require a host to replicate Causes the common cold, the flu, chickenpox, AIDs, Bird flu Many techological uses

Example: Virus cell

Types of Eukaryotic Cell

Somatic Cells Greek for ““body’’ All cells in the body except the sex cells Found in the bones, skin, organs, tissues, blood Reproduce by MitosisGerm Cells The Sex Cells (Sperm and Ova) Somatic cells Reproduce by Meiosis

Cells

Part 1- Research a Cell Type Pick one of the following types of cells: Prokaryotic (Bacteria, Archaea) Eukaryotic

Unicellular (Protists)

Multicellular (Fungi, Plant, Animal)

Use your biological drawing skills to summarize the main parts of your chosen cell.

You will be asked to contribute your labeled drawing to the class’ notes.

You may use any textbook or internet resource (that is reputable) – I suggest:

Cellsalive; http://www.cellsalive.com/gallery.htm

 

Part 2 – Comparing the different cell types As a group we will pool our knowledge in a discussion and create a flow chart comparing the various cell types. Your knowledge for part one will be important here.