Intro to BiologyIntro to BiologyUnit 1 (Chapter 1) Unit 1 (Chapter 1) The Basis of LifeThe Basis of LifePart 2Part 2

Vocabulary IntroVocabulary Intro

SpeciesSpecies

PopulationsPopulations

CommunitiesCommunities

EcosystemsEcosystems

PredatorPredator

PreyPrey

Organization of the BiosphereOrganization of the Biosphere

Explain how organisms respond and adapt to Explain how organisms respond and adapt to their environmenttheir environment

Compare the various interdependent Compare the various interdependent relationships of organismsrelationships of organisms

Summarize the role of humans in the Summarize the role of humans in the ecosystemecosystem

Section 1.2 Big IdeasSection 1.2 Big Ideas

Organization of the Biosphere

Species (individuals) – individuals interact Species (individuals) – individuals interact with other living and nonliving things, so with other living and nonliving things, so scientists also study groups of organisms scientists also study groups of organisms

Populations – groups of the same type of Populations – groups of the same type of species living in an areaspecies living in an area

Communities – all of the types of Communities – all of the types of organisms/populations in an areaorganisms/populations in an area

Ecosystems – all of the living +nonliving Ecosystems – all of the living +nonliving things in an areathings in an area

Explain how organisms Explain how organisms respond and adapt to their respond and adapt to their

environmentenvironmentShort term changesShort term changes

A lion heading to the shade when it A lion heading to the shade when it gets hotgets hot

Long-term changesLong-term changesChange in finches beaks in the Change in finches beaks in the

Galapagos IslandsGalapagos Islands

Theory of Evolution (Charles Darwin)Theory of Evolution (Charles Darwin)Survival of the fittestSurvival of the fittest

5 Major Interactions Among Biotic Factors in an EcosystemPredationCompetitionParasitismMutualismCommensalism

Compare the various Compare the various interdependent relationships of interdependent relationships of

organismsorganisms

Compare the various Compare the various interdependent relationships of interdependent relationships of

organismsorganisms Predation

One organism kills & eats another organism

Predator – the killer/eater

Feed on the young & weak

Limits the size of prey populations

Prey – gets eaten/killed

Prey declines the predators must find other prey

Compare the various Compare the various interdependent relationships of interdependent relationships of

organismsorganisms

Predation Examples

Compare the various Compare the various interdependent relationships of interdependent relationships of

organismsorganisms

Competition

2 or more organisms of the same or different species attempt to use the same limited resources

can occur evenly if there’s no contact (indirect)

ex-2 insects, same plant, one feeds during the day, one at night

Compare the various Compare the various interdependent relationships of interdependent relationships of

organismsorganisms

Parasitism (Type of Symbiosis)

parasite- organisms that live in or on another organism & feed on it w/o immediately killing it

host- organism the parasite takes nourishment from

organisms are negatively affected by parasites

Mistletoe on an apple tree

Compare the various Compare the various interdependent relationships of interdependent relationships of

organismsorganisms

Hungry Tick Full Tick

Parasitism

Compare the various Compare the various interdependent relationships of interdependent relationships of

organismsorganisms

Mutualism (Symbiosis)

a cooperative partnership between two species in which both species benefit

Example you & intestinal bacteria, bacteria aids you w/digestion you give bacteria warm home/food

Compare the various Compare the various interdependent relationships of interdependent relationships of

organismsorganisms

Commensalism (Symbiosis)

One species benefits, the other is neither harmed nor helped

Remora & sharks attach to sharks & feed on scraps from their meals the sharks aren’t affected

Commensalism is very rare

Compare the various Compare the various interdependent relationships of interdependent relationships of

organismsorganisms Commensalism or Mutualism??

The sea anemone and the clown fish….

Scientists tend to agree that it is commensalism, there is not sufficient documented proof that the anemone benefits in any way…

Do the fish scare away other fish/predators???

Finding Nemo….do they keep the anemone clean???

Humans affect, and are affected by the Humans affect, and are affected by the environmentenvironmentWe need food and medicineWe need food and medicineWe are aided by technology (biotechnology)We are aided by technology (biotechnology)Clothing and additional resources (fuel, wood Clothing and additional resources (fuel, wood

products, cycling of Oproducts, cycling of O22 and CO and CO22))

Protecting BiodiversityProtecting BiodiversityWe find uses for living things that we may We find uses for living things that we may

not have always been aware of… etc…not have always been aware of… etc…

Summarize the role of humans in Summarize the role of humans in the ecosystemthe ecosystem