Upload
isabel-kennedy
View
222
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Intro to Biological OceanographyANIMAL DIVERSITY
Biodiversity
The term Biodiversity is used to describe the number and kinds of things living in an area.
Because there is such great biodiversity on Earth, a system is used to classify or categorize each type of organism.
We call this classification taxonomy
Taxonomy
A taxonomist is a scientist who classifies organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.
http://creationsafaris.com/images/linnaeus.jpg
Taxonomy
"Do keep piling chocolate on for goodness sakes.“
Domain Kingdom
Phylum Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Taxonomy
Binomial Nomenclature – involves organizing an organism's scientific name into a combination of two terms.
These terms are the Genus name and the species.
Both of these terms are italicized and the genus name is also capitalized.
Taxonomy
Binomial Nomenclature example –
Great White Shark – Genus: Carcharodon
species: carcharias
Scientific name = Carcharadon carcharias
http://oceanlink.island.net/biodiversity/shark/Great-White-Shark.jpg
Example: Velella velella
Animal Diversity
Kingdom – Animalia Divided into about 33 major groups
called Phyla Each Phylum represents a distinct body
plan. The difference between phyla is much
greater than the difference between species within an individual phylum.
Animal Diversity Out of all these phyla, only one is
not represented in the ocean – the little velvet worm called onychphorans
By contrast 14 of them are only found in the ocean.
http://animais.culturamix.com/blog/wp-content/gallery/animais-em-extincao-onychophora/animais-em-extincao-onychophora-2.jpg
Animal Diversity
The animal diversity in the ocean is much greater than it is on land….and….
Many new ocean species have yet to be discovered!!!
Animal Diversity
For example – In 1998 scientists discovered that what had previously been viewed as two species of commercially valuable deep-sea crabs was really 18 different species!!
http://files.abovetopsecret.com/files/img/bt4f7530ba.jpg
Animal Diversity
In 2001 a 23 foot squid was discovered.
In 2003 a blood red, 2-3 foot long jelly fish with no tentacles was discovered.
These are just examples of the
ocean species being discovered
all the time…. Many more are yet to
be documented!!
http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&sa=X&hl=en&biw=1441&bih=710&tbm=isch&tbnid=OVh_iEBp_Hb7zM:&imgrefurl=http://thewere42.wordpress.com/category/biology/page/24/&docid=MeL2XsiMNpc4pM&imgurl=http://thewere42.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/091211-01-blood-red-jellyfish_big.jpg%253Fw%253D604&w=461&h=275&ei=YZ-4Uf6WEbjd4APeyYHYBg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:0,s:0,i:80&iact=rc&dur=213&page=1&tbnh=173&tbnw=291&start=0&ndsp=17&tx=193&ty=81
The Underappreciated Multitudes
Animals seem to get most of the attention when we talk about diversity, but the ocean is full of plants, algae, bacteria, and protists that often get overlooked (the remaining 4 kingdoms).
http://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/05/080515145350-large.jpg
http://www.energyinsight.info/ocean_algae_biomass.jpg
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQmSiEG1ZoaYttOV_c8j0ffbzvAdqhHZZxLkMIta9FwI6nLge5Og
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkTKJ2c_sI/AAAAAAAAB4M/Yhs0P6lbQiI/s320/diatom2.jpg
The Underappreciated Multitudes
Microscopic primary producers (single celled algae) and other organisms capable of making their own energy are the foundation of most marine food webs.
These organisms are able to make their own energy from sunlight or chemicals.
The Underappreciated Multitudes
Organisms that can make their own food are called producers or autotrophs
Organisms that use sunlight to make their own food undergo the process of photosynthesis
Organisms that use chemicals to make their own food undergo the process of chemosynthesis
Ocean Diversity Video Clip Click
photo
for
video
http://www.freelancerbay.com/files/users/PostArt/blogs/Sea_Ocean_N.jpg
References
http://biology.about.com/b/2006/12/15/binomial-nomenclature.htm
http://www.jostimages.com/details/sharks/index/00015465/The-Great-White-Sharks-scientific-name-is-Carcharodon-carcharias.html
References
Adapted from:
Science 101: Ocean Science [Paperback]
Jennifer Hoffman