Intro question Imagine this: you come home from school and your parents are outside your house with...
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The Great Depression
Intro question Imagine this: you come home from school and your parents are outside your house with piles of items from inside. They say to you that they
Intro question Imagine this: you come home from school and your
parents are outside your house with piles of items from inside.
They say to you that they have lost everything they had in savings
and they also have lost their jobs. They ask you to come up with a
plan as to how they are going to survive. Write down a plan for
survival for you and your family. What would you do?
Slide 3
How did the U.S. go from this
Slide 4
To this
Slide 5
Causes of the Great Depression Economic trouble in Europe
Slide 6
Causes of the Great Depression U.S. Economic Policies
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Slide 7
Causes of the Great Depression Buying on Credit
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Causes of the Great Depression Stock Market Crash Bull Market
Margin Buying Black Thursday Black Tuesday October 29, 1929
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Causes of the Great Depression Banking Crisis Investors lose
their investments in the stock market and cant repay their loans
(margin buying) Banks are left with little income and little cash
reserves; some banks are forced to close Fearing for their savings,
other Americans run to the bank to get their savings As a result,
more banks failed and the Depression set in even more.
Slide 11
Depression
Slide 12
Bank Run Scene
Slide 13
Intro Question: Explain the difference between empathy and
sympathy.
Slide 14
Unemployment Skyrockets 1929 1.5 million unemployed 1933 15
million Even workers who were able to keep their jobs saw their
wages and hours cut dramatically. African Americans had a
particular hard time because economic trouble only enhanced racial
discrimination. Women actually saw an increase of employment in the
1930swhy do you think?
Slide 15
City Life During the Depression It was a fight to survive in
the city during the depression. People relied on charitable
organizations, help from neighbors, breadlines, and garbage for
things to eat. Homeless often gathered themselves in
shantytowns.
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Do you know where this is?
Slide 17
Farm Life During the Depression Oversupply cause farmers to let
crops rot and slaughter their animals because they could not afford
to feed them. Their income dropped and they could not afford to pay
their mortgages. Farmers banned together to help one another.
Tenant farmers were hit especially hard. Southwest farmers of
Mexican decent were often encouraged to leave the country.
Slide 18
Family Life in the 1930s Due to economic strains, the marriage
rate fell. Suicide rates increased by 28% from 1929 - 1932
Slide 19
Psychological Effects In pairs, answer the following questions
and be ready to discuss: 1. What is the meaning of work? 2. What
does it mean to have a job? 3. What do you think people feel when
they lose their job? 4. What would say to someone who lost their
job through no fault of their own?
Slide 20
The Election of 1932 The Republicans reluctantly renominated
Herbert Hoover as their candidate. Public resentment for the
Republicans was widespread and suggested they would lose The
Democrats nominated New York governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, or
FDR. Not only did FDR win the presidency but the Democrats also won
decisive majorities in both houses of Congress. Roosevelt won
because he offered Americans a new deal.
Slide 21
If you were an average American living in 1932, what would you
want to hear from the President in his Inaugural Address?
Slide 22
FDR - First Inaugural Address
Slide 23
Grade how FDR did in his speech? What kind of a public speaker
was FDR? What was the message of his speech? How did the people
react? What overall grade would you give FDR on his First Inaugural
Address and why?
Slide 24
When the President has a televised address to the nation, do
you watch it? Why or why not?
Slide 25
FDR - First Fireside Chat
Slide 26
FDRs First 100 Days Immediately following taking office, FDR
called Congress into special session. During the next 100 days,
Congress approved 15 measures thought up by FDR and his brain
trust, which became known as the New Deal.
Slide 27
Banking Reform The day after FDR took office, he declared a
banking holiday proclamation. The purpose of this was to stop the
massive withdrawals that were crippling the nations banks. A few
days after his proclamation, Congress passed the Emergency Banking
Act
Slide 28
Further Banking Reform Confidence in the nations banks
increased even more when Congress created the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC). This organization insured each bank
deposit up to $2,500
Slide 29
Direct Relief to the Needy To help the nations 13 million
unemployed, Congress (under FDRs request) created the Federal
Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). This organization channeled
$500 million to state and local agencies
Slide 30
Job Creation Many Americans did not want a hand out; they
wanted a job. In response the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was
created. Members were trained and employed in several different
conservation projects.
Slide 31
Relief vs. Recovery FDR knew that relief was short-term while
recovery was long-term In order to recover from the depression, FDR
based his programs on famous economist John Keynes, who stated that
government had to spend money to encourage investment and
consumption SPEND!! SPEND!! SPEND!!
Slide 32
Agricultural Recovery FDR hoped to help farmers by encouraging
them to cut their output. To do this Congress passed the
Agricultural Adjustment Act, which created the Agricultural
Adjustment Administration (AAA). Ummmhow about a little help
please????
Slide 33
Tennessee Valley Authority One of the largest New Deal programs
was the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). This
organization created many dams and power plants to help combat
electricity shortages, disease, and the areas low standard of
living
Slide 34
Equality Under the New Deal Eleanor Roosevelt (FDRs wife) was
instrumental in helping New Deal programs reach minorities. In
addition, African Americans were appointed to key federal
government positions. American Indians also saw the passage of the
Indian Reorganization Act, which reversed the Dawes Act.
Slide 35
Have you ever heard the expression Just when you think things
cant get any worsethey do.
Slide 36
The Dust Bowl A huge drought hit the Great Plains in the
mid-1930s. High winds picked up the topsoil and created huge dust
cloud that buried farms and towns. The Dust Bowl caused many
farmers to lose everything and forced them to migrate to a new
home.
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Critics of the New Deal Some reformers, both conservative and
liberal, opposed New Deal reforms. Among them was U.S. Senator Huey
Long, who proposed a new kind of relief called Share-Our-Wealth.
According to this plan, the government was supposed to seize wealth
from the rich through taxes and then provide a minimum income to
every American family
Slide 42
What do you think about this idea? Do you agree or disagree? In
pairs, discuss this and be ready to share.
Slide 43
The Second New Deal After the Civil Works Administration (CWA),
FDR created the Works Progress Administration (WPA) This
organization built airports, buildings, bridges, and miles of
roads.
Slide 44
Social Security In 1935, Congress passed the Social Security
Act. This act did 3 things: 1. Provided unemployment insurance 2.
Provided pensions for retired workers over the age of 65 3.
Provided payments to people with disabilities, the elderly, and
widows and their children.
Slide 45
The Election of 1936 Roosevelt promised to continue the New
Deal reforms. As a result, he won the election easily. In addition,
for the first time since Reconstruction, African Americans in the
North supported the Democrats.
Slide 46
FDR and the Supreme Court FDR was angered at the Supreme Court
for ruling several of his New Deal programs unconstitutional. As a
result, he asked Congress for the power to appoint one new justice
for each of those over 70 (there were 6). FDR was meant with
staunch criticism for this.
Slide 47
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What do you think? Should FDR have proposed this? Was he right
or wrong? Explain your answer.
Slide 49
Effects of the Second New Deal Some major effects of the Second
New Deal were: Organization of labor Relief for farmers Recession
(Remember the business cycle)
Slide 50
What do you think? In our country, should there be more
government or less government? Explain your response.
Slide 51
Write a one paragraph reaction to this photograph.
Slide 52
Life in the New Deal Era
Slide 53
Migration Many Americans, especially farmers in the Midwest,
migrated to other parts of the country in search of work. Why do
you think they were moving???
Slide 54
Picturing Life in the Depression The horrific living conditions
offered filmmakers and photographers material for their art. Many
of these photographers were hired by the federal government. Why?
FDR thought that opponents of his New Deal programs would change
their minds when they saw how regular Americans were forced to
live.
Slide 55
Migrant Mother Among the most famous of these types of photos
was Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother
Slide 56
Other forms of art portraying the Depression Other forms of art
portrayed life during the Depression, like John Steinbeck's novel,
The Grapes of Wrath Others art forms like films and the theater
offered Americans an escape from the dismal conditions around
them
Slide 57
Diary Assignment You are going to write 4 diary entries
describing what life was like for someone living through the
Depression. 2 must be for someone living in an urban area and 2
must be for someone living in a rural area. As a requirement, you
must include 3 pieces of information from your notes in each of the
entries (12 total). Underline that particular information in each
entry. Be as creative as possible and really paint a picture for
the reader as to what life was like living during the Depression.
Each entry must be at least page long. We will share these towards
the end of class.