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University of Calgary Alberta, Canada
BT 2004
International Workshop on Biometric Technologies
Special Forum on MODELING AND SIMULATION IN
BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY
Event Sponsors:
Event Organizers:
PROCEEDINGS of International Workshop on Biometric
Technologies
BT 2004
22 – 23 June 2004 University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
EVENT SPONSORS:
BCT TELUS Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Gold Sponsor)
University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
EVENT ORGANIZERS:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Biometric Technologies Laboratory, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada CEDAR – Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition, State
University of New York at Buffalo (USA) Shel-Bar Electronic Industries Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada Biometric Digest, www.biodigest.com Baker University, Baldwin City, Kansas, USA
In cooperation with Bio-Inspired Technologies and Systems group, JPL, NASA
TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome Message from Organizers ...................................................................................... 5 Committees of BT 2004......................................................................................................... 7 Invited Speakers ..................................................................................................................... 8
Plenary Papers
What Industry Is Saying. Bill Rogers .................................................................................. 13 Biometrics - a Challenge for Clinical Security Designers. Phil Philips............................... 23 Large-Scale Biometric Identification: Challenges and Solutions. Nalini K. Ratha,
Ruud M. Bolle, Sharath Pankanti................................................................................... 28 The Challenges of the Environment and the Human / Biometric Device Interaction on
Biometric System Performance. Stephen J. Elliot, Eric P. Kukula, Nathan C. Sickler . 38 Voronoi Diagram vs. Geometry in Biology. Deok-Soo Kim............................................... 44 A Statistical Model for Biometric Verification. Sargur N. Srihari ...................................... 45 An Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms with Applications in Biometrics.
Carlos Coello Coello ...................................................................................................... 49 Some new Development of 3D Object Visualization and Recognition Using Graphic
Representations, and Applications. Patrick S.P. Wang.................................................. 66
Contributed papers
Temporal Distance in a Composite System for Handwritten Signature Recognition.
Jim R. Parker ................................................................................................................. 78
Workshop papers Simulation of Biometric Information: The New Generation of Biometric Systems.
Svetlana N. Yanushkevich, Adrian Stoica, Sargur N. Srihari, Vlad P. Shmerko, Marina L. Gavrilova....................................................................................................... 84
Biometric Security Systems: Robustness of the Fingerprint and Speech Technologies. Martin Drahansky, Filip Orsag .....................................................................................96
Model of the Oculomotoric System for Diagnosis of Squint. Dariusz Pojda, Jόsef Ober ...........................................................................................101
Local Filters of B-Spline Wavelets. Faramarz F. Samavati, Richard H. Bartels..................................................................105 Generalized Beta-Binomial Model for Group Correlated Binary Data. Alexandre Dolgui,
Maxim Pashkevich......................................................................................................111 Protein Structure Analysis Using Euclidean Voronoi Diagram of Atoms. Deok-Soo Kim,
Youngsong Cho, Donguk Kim, Cheol-Hyung Cho ....................................................121 Computational Geometry and Biometrics: on the Path to Convergence.
Marina Gavrilova ........................................................................................................126 Analog Approach to Analysis and Modeling of Biometric Information. Alexei V. Nikitin,
Denis V. Popel ............................................................................................................134 SfinGE: an Approach to Synthetic Fingerprint Generation. Raffaele Cappelli.........................................................................................................141 Modeling Fingerprints: Components for the Task of Synthesis. Travis Ayers,
Rick Federkeil, Trevor Nichols, Rajiv Parmar............................................................149
Using Polar Transform of Orientation Map in the task of Generation of Synthetic Fingerprints. Penglong Wang, S. Yanushkevich, V. Shmerko ...................................155
Palmprint Identification by Fused Wavelet Characteristics. Guangming Lu, David Zhang,
Wai Kin Kong, Kuanquam Wang .............................................................................. 164 SignMine algorithm for conditioning and analysis of human handwriting. Alexei V.
Nikitin, Denis V. Popel ...............................................................................................171 Author Index .....................................................................................................................183
WELCOME MESSAGE FROM THE WORKSHOP CO-CHAIRS
We are pleased to welcome the participants of the INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP
ON BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES: Special forum on MODELING AND SIMULATION IN BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES - BT2004 June 22-23, 2004, at the University of Calgary, Canada. This Workshop is the first one in the area of modeling and simulation, the inverse problems of biometrics. It is, however, also the continuation of a series of Workshops on Information Technologies in Banking and Financial Telecommunications that has been organized since 1996 in Europe. Eventually, due to increasing demand (from both users and vendors of biometric devices) for new approaches to testing, evaluation and, generally, improvement of performance of biometric devices in the world that has changed so dramatically after September 11th, 2001, research in biometrics has shifted to new paradigms.
We hope that this event, by bringing together a small but enthusiastic and ambitious group of people doing research in this new direction of biometrics, will foster wider interest in this important field. We hope that lectures by our invited keynote speakers, accepted papers and presentations, will stimulate research and development of technologies and products. Insights gained in Calgary may channel efforts toward new enhancements of biometric-based security systems and training of security personnel.
The accepted and keynote papers are authored by researchers from 11 countries. The papers cover a broad area that reflects the multidisciplinary character of biometrics: image processing and synthesis, social aspects and security issues, enhancing security, training and simulation, pattern recognition, biometric system parameters and performance evaluation, etc.
We thank the invited keynote speakers for agreeing to share their expertise with us. The keynote speakers at this workshop represent academia, industry and government institutions: Carlos Coello Coello, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico, the author of the monograph on
evolutionary multiobjective optimization "Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems" (Carlos A. Coello Coello, Dave A. Van Veldhuizen and Gary B. Lamont, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002).
Stephen Elliott, Purdue University, Vice Chair of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards, as Secretary of INCITS M1 Biometrics Standards committee, and also Head of Delegation for the WG1 Vocabulary working group within the ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC37 committee on Biometrics.
Deok-Soo Kim, Director of Voronoi Diagram Research Center and Professor in Department of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University, Korea.
Eur Ing Phil Phillips, C. Eng. MIEE, FBCS, FBAE, Head of Information Security, Office of National Statistics, UK.
Nalini K. Ratha, IBM T.J.Watson Research Center, Ruud Bolle’s Exploratory computer vision and pattern recognition group; co-chair of IEEE Robotics and Automation Society's AutoID TCIBM's.
Bill Rogers, the Publisher of Biometric Digest and Biometric Weekly (USA), a newsletters focusing on biometric identification technology. He moderates several national conferences and is a frequent speaker on this subject.
Sargur Srihari, SUNY Distinguished Professor and Director of Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (CEDAR), State University of New York at Buffalo, USA, Fellow of IEEE.
Patrick S.P. Wang, Professor of Computer and Information Science, College of Computer and Information Science of Northeastern University, USA, Fellow of IAPR (International Association of Pattern Recognition) and co-founding chief editor of IJPRAI (International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence) and WSP MPAI Book Series.
We would like to acknowledge our sponsors, BCT TELUS and the University of
Calgary, for their generous sponsorship. We hope that this event will also facilitate research within the University of Calgary community and help to broaden collaboration with industry. In particular, this event ties in to the Biometric Technologies Laboratory at the University of Calgary focused on the area of Modeling and Simulation, and supported by CFI, Alberta Innovation and Science, and the University of Calgary.
Finally, we wish to thank the members of the Program and Advisory Committees, Mrs.
Judy Trumble and the students in the student organizing committee for their tireless efforts in organizing this Workshop. Dr. Svetlana N. Yanushkevich, BT2004 Chair, Dr. Marina Gavrilova, Dr. Vlad P. Shmerko, BT2004 Co-Chairs
COMMITTEES OF BT 2004
PROGRAM COMMITTEE S. Ablameyko, Academy of Sciences, Belarus Brian d'Auriol, U. of Texas, USA L. Bruton, U. of Calgary, Canada A. Dolgui, U of Troyes, France G. Dueck, U. of New Brunswick, Canada R. Gallagher, U of Liverpool, UK U. Haussmann, UBC, Canada T. Keenan, U. of Calgary, Canada C.J. Ken, Univ. of Western Ontario F. Lai, National Taiwan University H. Leung, U. of Calgary, Canada P. Milligan, Queen's U. of Belfast, UK R. Mollin, Dept of Math and Statistics, U. of
Calgary R. Neruda, Academy of Sciences, Czech
Republic
J. Parker, University of Calgary, Canada
M. Perkowski, Portland State Univ., USA
P. Phillips, IEE, UK R. Plamondon, Ecole Polytechnique
de Montréal D. Popel, Baker U., USA J. Rokne, U. of Calgary, Canada P. Sapiecha, Warsaw University of
Technology, Poland R. Sadykhov, U.of Informatics and
Radioelectr., Belarus S. Siokos, Citigroup, UK S. Srihari, SUNY at Buffalo, USA A. Stoica, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
NASA
ADVISORY COMMITTEE C. Birchall, Bank of Montreal, Calgary K. H. Grollmuss, Shel-Bar Electronic
Industries Ltd. A. Kleffner, Area Chair Finance, U. of C D. Kranzlmueller, Johannes Kepler U. Linz,
Austria T. Luba, Warsaw University of Technology,
Poland
D. Rodriguez-Garcia, U. of Reading, UK
W. Rogers, Biometric Digest, USA R. Schurer, U. of Salzburg, Austria G. Sick, U. of Calgary, Canada
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
General Chair: S.Yanushkevich, University of Calgary, Canada Workshop Co-Chairs: M. Gavrilova, V.Shmerko, University of Calgary, Canada
STUDENT ORGANIZING COMMITTEE H. Lai, University of Calgary, Canada E. Reentov, University of Calgary, Canada P. Wang, University of Calgary, Canada
INVITED SPEAKERS Dr. Sargur N. Srihari ([email protected]), Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and recognition (CEDAR), State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, USA A Statistical Model for Biometric Verification Biography:
Sargur Srihari is the founding director of the Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (CEDAR). He has been a faculty member in the Computer Science Department at the State University of New York at Buffalo since 1978, where he is presently a SUNY Distinguished Professor.
Srihari received a B.Sc. in Physics and Mathematics from the Bangalore University in 1967, a B.E. in Electrical Communication Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in 1970, and a Ph.D. in Computer and Information Science from the Ohio
State University, Columbus in 1976. He received a New York State/United University Professions Excellence Award for 1991. He became a Fellow of the Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineers (IETE, India) in 1992, a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1995, and a Fellow of the International Association for Pattern Recognition in 1996.
Srihari was general chairman of the Third International Workshop on Handwriting Recognition, held in Buffalo, New York in May 1993, and was co-chairman of the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 95), Montreal, Canada, August 1995. He is general chairman of the ICDAR 99 to be held in Bangalore, India in October, 1999.
Srihari is chairman of CedarTech, a corporation established with equity participation by University at Buffalo. The corporation is involved in technology transfer with a particular specialization in handwriting recognition technology.
Dr. Patrick S.P. Wang ([email protected]), College of Computer and Information Science of Northeastern University Some new Development of 3D Object Visualization and Recognition Using Graphic Representations, and Applications
Biography:
Dr. Patrick S. Wang is IAPR Fellow (International Association for Pattern Recognition), tenured full professor of computer science at Northeastern University, research consultant at MIT Sloan School, and adjunct faculty of computer science at Harvard University Extension School. He received his Ph.D. in C.S. from Oregon State University, M.S. in I.C.S. from Georgia Institute of Technology, M.S.E.E. from National Taiwan University and B.S.E.E. from National Chiao Tung University. He was on the
faculty at University of Oregon and Boston University, and senior researcher at Southern Bell, GTE Labs and Wang Labs prior to his present position. Dr. Wang was elected Otto-Von-Guericke Distinguished Guest Professor of Magdeburg University near Berlin, Germany, and serves as Honorary Advisor Professor for Xiamen University, China, and Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
In addition to his research experience at MIT AI Lab, Prof. Wang has been visiting professor and invited to give lectures, do research and present papers in a number of countries from Europe, Asia and many universities and industries in the U.S.A. and Canada. Dr. Wang has published over 120 technical papers and 20 books in Pattern Recognition, A.I. and Imaging Technologies and has 3 OCR patents by US and Europe
Patent Bureaus. As IEEE senior member, he has organized numerous international conferences and workshops including conference co-chair of the 18th IAPR ICPR (International Conference on Pattern Recognition) to be held in August 2006, at Hong Kong, China, and served as reviewer for many journals and NSF grant proposals. Prof. Wang is currently founding Editor-in-Charge of Int. J. of Pattern Recognition and A.I., and Editor-in-Chief of Machine Perception & Artificial Intelligence by World Scientific Publishing Co. and elected chair of IAPR-SSPR (Int. Asso. for P.R.). In addition to his technical achievements and contributions, Prof. Wang has been also very active in community service, and has written several articles on Du Fu, Li Bai's poems, Verdi, Puccini, Bizet, and Wagner's operas, and Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and Tchaikovsky's symphonies.
Detailed information about Prof. Wang can be found in the homepage at http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/pwang and can be contacted at the following email address: [email protected].
Dr. Nalini K. Ratha ([email protected]), IBM’s T.J.Watson Research Center, Ruud Bolle’s Exploratory computer vision and pattern recognition group Large-scale Biometric Identification: Challenges and Solutions Biography:
Dr. Ratha is a Senior Member of IEEE and co-chair of IEEE Robotics and Automation Society's AutoID TCIBM's. He is organizing the third IEEE AutoID Workshop, and is co-organizing a Tutorial on Biometrics at ICAPR 2001.
Before joining IBM, Dr. Ratha completed his Ph.D. (1996) in Computer Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing. He was a
member of the Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Lab of Dept. of Computer Science. His thesis involved mapping computer vision algorithms onto FPGA-based custom computers. Mr. Ratha’s advisor was Prof. Anil K. Jain. He recently co-chaired a special session on robust biometrics at KES 2000. He co-organized tutorials on biometrics at CVPR'99 and ICPR'98. Mr. Phil Phillips ([email protected]), C. Eng. MIEE, FBCS, FBAE, Head of Information Security, Office of National Statistics, UK. Biometrics - a Challenge for Clinical Security Designers Biography:
Eur Ing Phil Phillips, C.Eng. MIEE, FBCS
Formerly National Information Security Adviser, NHS Scotland (2001 – 2004), now Head of Information Security for a UK Government Department.
Phil has spent over 40 years in IT, Communications security and general security as a risk manager and consultant for various Government Departments and other business sectors. As President of the BCS Information Security Specialist Group, he has endeavoured to encourage
closer security cooperation across the public sector and utilities in support of CNI and the E-Government programme and fosters a strong link between academia, industry and IT Security.
Dr. Carlos Coello Coello ([email protected]) Evolutionary Computation Group, Dpto. De Ing. Elect./Secc. Computacion, Mexico, Mexico
An Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms with Applications in Biometrics Biography: Dr. Carlos Coello Coello is the author of the monograph on evolutionary multiobjective optimization "Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems" (Carlos A. Coello Coello, Dave A. Van Veldhuizen and Gary B. Lamont, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002). He also chairs the Task Force on Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms of the IEEE Neural Networks Society. He
is a member of the IEEE, the ACM and the Mexican Academy of Sciences. His major research interests are: evolutionary multiobjective optimization, constraint-handling techniques for evolutionary algorithms, and evolvable hardware. Mr. Bill Rogers ([email protected]), Biometric Digest
What Industry Is Saying Biography:
Bill is the Publisher of the Biometric Digest and Biometric Media Weekly newsletters reporting on biometric identification technology covering fingerprint ID, voice, hand geometry, facial recognition, iris scan and other methods. Bill is also publisher of the Biometric Information Directory, identified as the #1 source
of information on the biometric industry. Bill moderates several national conferences on biometric technology and is a frequent speaker on this subject.
He is also associate Editor of Credit Union tech-talk and CU InfoSECURITY newsletters. He has more than 40 years experience working with financial institutions nationwide. Bill most recently was CEO for a national data processing firm serving credit unions. He was previously a Vice President with CUNADATA Corp., a national credit union data processor, and a Regional manager with Electronic Data Systems. Bill was with EDS for six years prior to forming his own company in 1988. Bill moderates several biometric programs and sponsors technology conferences for credit unions. He recently hosted a weekly Internet Radio program called “From Face to Fingerprint” which discussed issues involving security, privacy and identification.
Prior to joining EDS, he was with the Missouri Credit Union League for over 19 years as Vice President of Credit Union Support Services and Manager of the League’s data processing division for more than 14 years.
Dr. Stephen Elliott, ([email protected]), Purdue University Testing and Evaluation of Biometric Technologies Biography:
Dr. Elliott is involved in a number of activities relating to biometrics and security. He is actively involved in biometric standards, acting as Vice Chair of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards, as Secretary of INCITS M1 Biometrics Standards committee, and also Head of Delegation for the WG1 Vocabulary working group within the ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC37 committee on Biometrics. Dr. Elliott is also involved in ISO/TC68 Banking and Related Financial Services as they relate
to biometric policy in the US . Dr. Elliott is also involved in several other security committees including the NSA Secure Mobile Environment initiative. Dr. Elliott has also given numerous lectures on biometrics technologies, the latest conference presentations specifically aimed at the banking industry. Dr. Elliott is also involved in educational initiatives as they relate to biometric technologies, where he is responsible for the Biometrics Standards, Performance, and Assurance Laboratory, as well as two classes related to biometric technologies. Dr. Elliott is also involved in educational initiatives for the American National Standards Institute, is a member of Purdue University 's e-Enterprise, Learning, and CERIAS Centers. Dr. Deok-Soo Kim ([email protected]), Voronoi Diagram Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea. Voronoi Diagram vs. Geometry in Biology Biography:
Dr. Deok-Soo Kim is Director of Voronoi Diagram Research Center and Professor in Department of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University, Korea. Before he joined the university in 1995, he worked at Applicon, USA, and Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Korea, for developing software in geometric modeling. He received a B.S. from Hanyang University, Korea, an M.S. from the New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA, and a Ph.D. from The University of Michigan, USA, in
1982, 1985 and 1990, respectively. His current research interests are in the theory and applications of Voronoi diagram for various disciplines of science and engineering.
AUTHOR INDEX
Ayers T. 149 Bartels R.H. 105 Bolle R.M. 28 Capelli R. 141 Cho C.H. 121 Cho Y. 121 Chung Y.F. Coello Coello C. 49 Dolgui A. 111 Drahansky M. 96 Elliot S. 38 Federkeil R. 149 Gavrilova M. 84, 126 Kim D. 121 Kim D.-S. 44, 121 Kong W.K. 164
Kukula E.P. 38 Leung H. Lu G. 164 Nichols T. 149 Nikitin A. 134, 171 Ober J. 101 Orsag F. 96 Pankanti S. 28 Parker J.R. 78 Parmar R. 149 Pashkevich M. 111 Phillips P. 31 Pojda D. 101 Popel D. 134, 171 Ratha N.K. 28 Rogers B. 13 Samavati F.F 105
Shmerko V. 84, 155 Sickler N.C. 38 Srihari S.N. 45, 84 Stioca A. 84 Tan K. Wang K. 164 Wang P. 155 Wang P.S.P. 64 Wirasinghe C. Yanushkevich S. 84, 155 Zhang D. 164
