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FACE RECOGNISATION STRUCTURE FOR SECURITY SYSTEM

JAYASREE BULASARA 1, V.V.G.S.RAJENDRA PRASAD 2

1M.Tech Student, Dept of ECE, Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi village, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India

2Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi village, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India

Abstract: - This paper presents and inexpensive security authentication system for cars using a face recognition structure. In this proposed embedded car security system, FDS (Face Detection System) is used to detect the face of the driver and compare it with the predefined face. For example, in the night when car’s owner is sleeping and someone theft the car then FDS obtains images by one tiny web camera which can be hidden easily in somewhere in the car. FDS compares the obtained image with the predefined images, if the image doesn’t match, then the information is sent to the owner through GPS. The location of the car as well as its speed can be displayed to the owner through SMS. So by using the system, owner can identify the thief image as well as the location of the car. Keywords – Face Detection System (FDS), MMS, GPS, SMS.

I. Introduction The main aim of this paper is to offer an advance security system in automotives, in which consists of a face detection system, which detects the face of the unauthorized person entered into the car, a web camera to capture the images, a GPS module to track down the location of the car. A GSM module which is to send the information of the car to the owner. Also an MMS through which the captured image of The unauthorized person will be sent to the owner. This entire system is based on an embedded platform to provide smart security for the car.

II. Overview In this project the car security system is approached by using the face detection system, which is implemented by using a web camera inside the car which continuously captures the images of the person and if the

person is not authorized then the images captured are sent to the owner of the car through GSM. Also the location of the car is tracked using a GPSmodule and the location details are also sent through SMS.Once the images are received by the owner he can easily track down the car location and can stop the car immediately through a command SMS to the module inserted in the car.Here in the proposed system the unauthorized person images also will be received through MMS module. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

III. The Hardware System

Micro controller: This section forms the control unit of the whole project. This section basically consists of a Microcontroller with its associated circuitry like Crystal with capacitors, Reset circuitry, Pull up resistors (if needed) and so on. The Microcontroller forms the heart of the project because it controls the devices being interfaced and communicates with the devices according to the program

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being written. ARM7TDMI: ARM is the abbreviation of Advanced RISC Machines, it is the name of a class of processors, and is the name of a kind technology too. The RISC instruction set, and related decode mechanism are much simpler than those of Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) designs. Liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display that uses the light modulation properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock. They use the same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements.

IV. Board Hardware Resources Features Face Detection Subsystem The face detection is an important part of face recognition, but face detection is not straight forward because of variations of the image appearance like pose (front and non-front) and facial expressions. There are several methods proposed to resolve these variations in the last decade. As a result of the research AdaBoost-face detector has came into existence which was demonstrated by Viola and Jones. In the AdaBoost algorithm, the faces can be detected in real time (i.e., more than 15 frames per second on 320 by 240 images with computers) under partial conclusion.The AdaBoost algorithm is used to select a specified number of classifiers with lowest error rates for each cascade and the process is repeated until a set of optimization criteria is satisfied. In the proposed system, the image captured by the web camera is compared with the images stored in the database and if the image does not match then an MMS will be sent to car owner.

GPS Module

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based navigation system which is used to locate the positions anywhere on earth. Which was designed by

DoD. The GPS system consists of three basic elements, the space segment, control segment and the user

segment.The space segment consists of up to 24 active satellites in six orbital tracks, the satellites are not in

geo-synchronous orbit and are in constant motion relative to ground user. The control segment contains many ground

stations which serve as uplinks to the satellite and that makes adjustments to satellite orbits and clock.The user segment consists of the GPS receiver which consists of

antenna, multi-channel receiver, and a processing unit.The GPS module tracks the location of the car and sends the

latitude and longitudinal values to the owners GSM module.

GSM Module A GSM is a wireless technology developed by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). GSM works based on TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). TDMA is a channel access method for shared medium networks which allows to share the same frequency channel by dividing the signal into different time slots.GSM standard was developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks, and originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. GSM phones make use of a SIM card to identify the user’s account. The use of the SIM card allows GSM network users to quickly move their phone number from one GSM phone to another by moving the SIM card . GSM modem is the one which uses a SIM card and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, like a mobile phone.The GSM modem consists of various interfaces, such as PCMIA Type II, USB, and serial. The main difference is that GSM modem is wireless, while dial-up modem is wired. The GPS modems have GPRS features that can transmit data over TCP/IP (internet). The GSM modem can be used

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to transmit data like SMS (Short Message Service). The GSM modem uses the AT commands to transmit the messages. The AT commands are used to control modems. AT Commands with a GSM/GPRS modem can be used to access:

SMS services MMS services

AT commands for SMS: AT + CIMI AT + CMGS = “mobile number” AT + CMGF

MMS Module The Multimedia Messaging Service module is an important emerging service, which allows the sending of multiple media in a single message, and the ability to send a message to multiple recipients. An example of how to transfer a Multimedia Message

Using an MMS compatible phone, take a photo Use your phone to personalize the message Send the MMS message

On a compatible phone, the MMS message will appear with new message alert. The picture message will open on the screen. The same method is used in the car security system where the image of the unauthorized person will be sent through MMS to the owners MMS compatible phone

Power supply The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronics circuits and other devices. A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function. A d.c power supply which maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of a.c

mains fluctuations or load variations is known as “Regulated D.C Power Supply”For example a 5V regulated power supply system as shown below:

Ignition Switch

The term ignition switch is often used interchangeably to refer to two very different parts: the lock cylinder into which the key is inserted, and the electronic switch that sits just behind the lock cylinder. In some cars, these two parts are combined into one unit, but in other cars they remain separate. It is advisable to check your car's shop manual before attempting to purchase an ignition switch, to ensure that you buy the correct part.

In order to start a car, the engine must be turning. Therefore, in the days before ignition switches, car engines had to be turned with a crank on the front of the car in order to start them. The starter performs this same operation by turning the engine's flywheel, a large, flat disc with teeth on the outer edge. The starter has a gear that engages these teeth when it is powered, rapidly and briefly turning the flywheel, and thus the engine. The ignition switch generally has four positions: off, accessories, on, and start. Some cars have two off positions, off and lock; one turns off the car, and the other allows the key to be removed from the ignition. When the key is turned to the accessories position, certain accessories, such as the radio, are powered; however, accessories that use too much battery power, such as window motors, remain off in order to prevent the car's battery from being drained. The accessories position uses the least amount of battery power when the engine is not running, which is why drive-in movie theaters recommend that the car be left in the accessories mode during the movie.

The on position turns on all of the car's systems, including systems such as the fuel pump, because this is the position the ignition switch remains in while the car's engine is

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running. The start position is spring loaded so that the ignition switch will not remain there when the key is released. When the key is inserted into the ignition switch lock cylinder and turned to the start position, the starter engages; when the key is released, it returns to the on position, cutting power to the starter. This is because the engine runs at speeds that the starter cannot match, meaning that the starter gear must be retracted once the engine is running on its own.

Either the ignition switch or the lock cylinder may fail in a car, but both circumstances have very different symptoms. When the ignition switch fails, generally the electrical wiring or the plastic housing develops problems. The car may not turn on and/or start when this happens. Also, the spring-loaded start position could malfunction, in which case the starter will not engage unless the key is manually turned back to the on position.

V. CONCLUSION From this we implement face-recognition techniques that can provide the important functions required by advanced intelligent Car Security to avoid vehicle theft and protect the usage of unauthenticated users.Secured and safety environment system for automobile users and also key points for the investigators can easily find out the hijackers image. We can predict the theft by using this system in our day to day life.This project will help to reduce the complexity and improve security, also much cheaper and smarter than traditional ones. REFERENCES [1]. Viola, P., Jones, M.: Robust real-time face detection. International Journal of Computer Vision 57(2) (2004) 137–154. [2]. J-C. Auber, A. Bibaut, and J-M. Rigal, Characterization of Multipathon Land and Sea at GPS Frequencies. Elancourt, France: Thomson CSF- Detexis, 1995.

[3]. "Telecommunications and Internet Converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Fixed network Multimedia Messaging Service (F-MMS); Part 8:Combined PSTN/ISDN and broadband access; Service description".

[4].Nokia,“MMS technologytutorial.” [Online]. Available: http://www.nokia.com/support/tutorials/MMS/en/mms.html [5]. Andrea F.Abate, Michele Nappi, Daniel Riccio, Gabriele Sabatino, 2007, “2D and 3D face recognition: A survey”, Pattern RecognitionLetters28, 1885-1906.

[6]. Rand Corporation, The Global Positioning System, Assessing National Policies, Appendix B, GPS History, Chronology, and Budgets, 1995. [7] 3GPP TS 23.040, “Technical realization of the short message service (SMS); release 5,” v5.2.0, 2001 [8] Friedhelm Hillebrand (editor): GSM and UMTS, the creation of Global Mobile Communication, Wiley 2001 [9]. Redl, Siegmund M.; Weber, Matthias K.; Oliphant, Malcolm W (February 1995). An Introduction to GSM. Artech House . [10]. Hillebrand, Friedhelm, ed. (Devember 2001). GSM and UMTS, The Creation of Global Mobile Communications. John Wiley & Sons. [11]. Michel Mouly and Marie-Bernadette Pautet: GSM System for Mobile Communications, published by the authors 1992, ISBN 2-9507190-0-7. [12]. A. Abdallah. M. Abou El-Nasar, and A. Lynn Abbott, “A New Face Detection Technique using 2D DCT and Self Organizing Feature Map” in Proc. Of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol.21,May 2007, pp. 15-19. [13]. Sergey Kosov, Kristina Scherbaum, Kamil Faber, ThorstenThorma’hlen, Hans-Peter Seidel, 2009, “Accurate Real-Time Disparity Estimation with Variational Methods”, in Proc. International Symposium on Visual Computing, pp. 796-807. [14]. www.gsmfavorites.com [15]. www.gpsfavorites.com [16]. www.holtek.com Student details: JAYASREE BULASARA, pursuing her M.tech in Embedded Systems from Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi village, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India. Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, and is approved by AICTE Delhi. Guide details: V.V.G.S.RAJENDRA PRASAD, his Qualification is M.tech, currently working as an Associate Professor, in the Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi village, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India. Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, and is approved by AICTE Delhi.