International Institute For Security and Cooperation Security and Cooperation Rodolfo Peikov Member...
95
International International Institute For Institute For Security and Security and Rodolfo Peikov Member of the Advisory Board IISC NARCOTERRORISM Moscow, Russia December 9-10, 2009
International Institute For Security and Cooperation Security and Cooperation Rodolfo Peikov Member of the Advisory Board IISC NARCOTERRORISM Moscow, Russia
International Institute For Security and Cooperation Security
and Cooperation Rodolfo Peikov Member of the Advisory Board IISC
NARCOTERRORISM Moscow, Russia December 9-10, 2009
Slide 2
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT World Trade Center, New
York, USA, September 11, 2001 over 3000 dead, over 5000 wounded
World Trade Center, February 26, 1993 6 dead, over 1000 wounded P E
N T A G O N 189 dead P E N S Y L V A N I A 44 dead
Slide 3
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT Kuta, Bali, Indonesia,
October 12, 2002 202 dead, 209 wounded Bali, Indonesia, October 1,
2005 23 dead, 129 wounded
Slide 4
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT British Consulate and
Synagogues, Istanbul, Turkey, November 15-20, 2003 57 dead, over
700 wounded
Slide 5
Atocha Train Station, Madrid, Spain, March 11, 2004 191 dead,
over 2000 wounded DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT
Slide 6
Beslan, -, Respublika Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya, September 1-3,
2004 over 300 dead, over 700 wounded
Slide 7
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT Metro and Bus, London,
United Kingdom, July 7, 2005 56 dead over 700 wounded
Slide 8
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT Train station attacks,
Mumbai (Bombay), India, July 11, 2006 209 dead over 700
wounded
Slide 9
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT Benazir Bhutto is
assassinated by an attacker who blows himself up resulting in over
20 dead and several wounded. Rawalpindi, Pakistan, December 27,
2007
Slide 10
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT Mumbai (Bombay), India,
November 26-29, 2008 over 173 dead over 300 wounded
Slide 11
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT Peshawar, Pakistan, October
28, 2009 over 95 dead over 220 wounded
Slide 12
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT , Nevsky Espress (St.
Petersburg-Moscow), November 27, 2009 27 dead over 90 wounded
Slide 13
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT Kill one, frighten
thousands. Sun Tzu Sun Tzu The Art of War The Art of War (China 544
B.C. 496 B.C.) (China 544 B.C. 496 B.C.)
Slide 14
NARCOTERRORISM This presentation is intended only to furnish
you with a basic knowledge of terrorism and drug related terrorism,
and could be a starting point for further and more detailed study.
This presentation is intended only to furnish you with a basic
knowledge of terrorism and drug related terrorism, and could be a
starting point for further and more detailed study. It is not to be
taken as a complete or detailed work but, rather, as an
introduction to a very complex and dynamic subject. It is not to be
taken as a complete or detailed work but, rather, as an
introduction to a very complex and dynamic subject. It gives a
minimum essential background knowledge required to properly analyze
the terrorist threat at the worldwide level. It gives a minimum
essential background knowledge required to properly analyze the
terrorist threat at the worldwide level.
Slide 15
FLAGS OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS
Slide 16
LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS Abu Nidal organization, (ANO),
Fatahthe Revolutionary Council, Arab Revolutionary Brigades, Black
September, and Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims (now
inactive since the closing of offices in Egypt and Lybia in 1999.
Abu Nidal found dead in Iraq August 2002. (Palestine, Lebanon) Abu
Nidal organization, (ANO), Fatahthe Revolutionary Council, Arab
Revolutionary Brigades, Black September, and Revolutionary
Organization of Socialist Muslims (now inactive since the closing
of offices in Egypt and Lybia in 1999. Abu Nidal found dead in Iraq
August 2002. (Palestine, Lebanon) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) or
al-Harakat al-Islamiyya (Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia,
Thailand) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) or al-Harakat al-Islamiyya
(Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand) Aden-Abyan
Islamic Army (Yemen) Aden-Abyan Islamic Army (Yemen) Al-Aqsa
Foundation (Palestine) Al-Aqsa Foundation (Palestine) Al-Aqsa
Martyrs Brigade (al-Aqsa) (Palestine) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade
(al-Aqsa) (Palestine) Al- Badr (India, Pakistan) Al- Badr (India,
Pakistan) Alex Boncayao Brigade, ABB (in 1997 it was joined by the
Revolutionary Proletarian Army, RPA) (Philippines) Alex Boncayao
Brigade, ABB (in 1997 it was joined by the Revolutionary
Proletarian Army, RPA) (Philippines) Al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya, Gamaat
Islamiya, al Jamaat al Islamiya, Gama'a El Islamiyya (Islamic
Group, IG) (Egypt) Al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya, Gamaat Islamiya, al
Jamaat al Islamiya, Gama'a El Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) (Egypt)
Al Ghurabaa (re-established along with the Saviour Sect in Ahlus
Sunnah wal Jamaah as an Internet forum in 2005) (Al Ghurabaa and
Saviour Sect were banned in 2006) (U.K.) Al Ghurabaa
(re-established along with the Saviour Sect in Ahlus Sunnah wal
Jamaah as an Internet forum in 2005) (Al Ghurabaa and Saviour Sect
were banned in 2006) (U.K.) Al-Haramain Foundation (Saudi Arabia)
(banned GLOBAL by the U.N. 1267 in 1999) Al-Haramain Foundation
(Saudi Arabia) (banned GLOBAL by the U.N. 1267 in 1999) Al Ittihad
Al Islamia (Somalia) Al Ittihad Al Islamia (Somalia) Al-Shabaab
(Somalia) Al-Shabaab (Somalia) page 1 of 9
Slide 17
LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS Alliance of Eritrean National
Force, AEFN (in 1999 the Eritrean opposition groups formed the
AEFN) (Eritrea) Alliance of Eritrean National Force, AEFN (in 1999
the Eritrean opposition groups formed the AEFN) (Eritrea) Al-Qaeda,
Qaidat al-Jihad (Afghanistan, Pakistan, now Global) Al-Qaeda,
Qaidat al-Jihad (Afghanistan, Pakistan, now Global) Al-Umar
Mujahidin (India) Al-Umar Mujahidin (India) All Tripura Tiger Force
(India) All Tripura Tiger Force (India) Absa-al-Islam (Pakistan)
Absa-al-Islam (Pakistan) Ansar-us-Sunna (Iraq) Ansar-us-Sunna
(Iraq) Armata Corsa, AC, Corsica Army (founded in 1999 is rival to
the other Corsican group FLNC) (France) Armata Corsa, AC, Corsica
Army (founded in 1999 is rival to the other Corsican group FLNC)
(France) Armed Islamic Group (GIA al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyah
al-Musallaha) (Algeria) Armed Islamic Group (GIA al-Jama'ah
al-Islamiyah al-Musallaha) (Algeria) Asbat al-Ansar (Lebanon) Asbat
al-Ansar (Lebanon) Aum Shinrikyo (Supreme Truth), now called Aleph
(Japan) Aum Shinrikyo (Supreme Truth), now called Aleph (Japan)
Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, United Self-Defense Forces of
Colombia, AUC (Colombia Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, United
Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, AUC (Colombia Babbar Khalsa
International (India, Pakistan) Babbar Khalsa International (India,
Pakistan) Balochistan Liberation Army (Iran, Pakistan) Balochistan
Liberation Army (Iran, Pakistan) Brigate Rosse, Red Brigades (BR)
(Italy) Brigate Rosse, Red Brigades (BR) (Italy) Communist Party of
India (India) Communist Party of India (India) Communist Party of
Philippines/New Peoples Army (CPP/NPA) (Philippines) Communist
Party of Philippines/New Peoples Army (CPP/NPA) (Philippines) page
2 of 9
Slide 18
LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS Continuity Irish Republican
Army, glaigh na hireann (Ireland, U.K.) Continuity Irish Republican
Army, glaigh na hireann (Ireland, U.K.) Deendar Anjuman, Islamic
Organization (India) Deendar Anjuman, Islamic Organization (India)
Dukhtaran-E-Millat, Daughters of the Nation, Wahabbi Fundamentalist
Group (India, Pakistan) Dukhtaran-E-Millat, Daughters of the
Nation, Wahabbi Fundamentalist Group (India, Pakistan) Egyptian
Islamic Jihad, Jihad Group, Islamic Jihad, Al-Jihad (Egypt)
Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Jihad Group, Islamic Jihad, Al-Jihad
(Egypt) Ejrcito de Liberacin Nacional (ELN), National Liberation
Army (Colombia) Ejrcito de Liberacin Nacional (ELN), National
Liberation Army (Colombia) Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), Basque
Homeland and Freedom (Spain) Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), Basque
Homeland and Freedom (Spain) Fatah al-Islam, Conquest of Islam
(Lebanon, Palestine) Fatah al-Islam, Conquest of Islam (Lebanon,
Palestine) Fianna na hEireann (Ireland, U.K.) Fianna na hEireann
(Ireland, U.K.) Frontu di Liberazione Nazionalista Corsu, FLNC,
Corsican National Liberation Front (France) Frontu di Liberazione
Nazionalista Corsu, FLNC, Corsican National Liberation Front
(France) Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, Revolutionary
Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) (Colombia Fuerzas Armadas
Revolucionarias de Colombia, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
(FARC) (Colombia Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de
Octubre (GRAPO), Partido comunista de Espana. (possibly disbanded
during June 2007 after the arrest of six components in Barcelona)
(Spain) Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre
(GRAPO), Partido comunista de Espana. (possibly disbanded during
June 2007 after the arrest of six components in Barcelona) (Spain)
Hamas, arakat al-Muqwamat al-Islmiyyah, Islamic Resistance Movement
(now a political party in Palestine). (Lebanon, Palestine) Hamas,
arakat al-Muqwamat al-Islmiyyah, Islamic Resistance Movement (now a
political party in Palestine). (Lebanon, Palestine) page 3 of
9
Slide 19
LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS Harkat al-Jihd al-Islmi fi
Filastn, Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (Palestine) Harkat
al-Jihd al-Islmi fi Filastn, Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine
(Palestine) Harkat ul-Mujahidin (HUM), Movement of Holy Warriors,
(formerly Harkat ul-Ansar, HUA, or Jamiat ul-Ansar) (Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Pakistan) Harkat ul-Mujahidin (HUM), Movement of Holy
Warriors, (formerly Harkat ul-Ansar, HUA, or Jamiat ul-Ansar)
(Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan) Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG)
(Afghanistan) Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG) (Afghanistan) Hezbollah
(Party of God), Islamic Jihad, Revolutionary Justice Organization,
Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, and Islamic Jihad for the
Liberation of Palestine. Information reveals that from 1992
Hezbollah (Hizbollah) operated in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and
other South American countries against Israelian targets (1).
(Palestine, Lebanon) Hezbollah (Party of God), Islamic Jihad,
Revolutionary Justice Organization, Organization of the Oppressed
on Earth, and Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine.
Information reveals that from 1992 Hezbollah (Hizbollah) operated
in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and other South American countries
against Israelian targets (1). (Palestine, Lebanon) Hizb ut-Tahrir,
Party of Liberation. (Lebanon, Palestine, Syria) Hizb ut-Tahrir,
Party of Liberation. (Lebanon, Palestine, Syria) Hizbul Mujahideen,
Party of Freedom Fighters (Pakistan) Hizbul Mujahideen, Party of
Freedom Fighters (Pakistan) Holy Land Foundation (allegedly an
Islamic Charity Foundation. In 2009 the founders were sentenced to
life in prison for funding HAMAS with $12 million) (USA, Palestine)
Holy Land Foundation (allegedly an Islamic Charity Foundation. In
2009 the founders were sentenced to life in prison for funding
HAMAS with $12 million) (USA, Palestine) Hynniewtrep National
Liberation Council (might be associated to All Tripura) (India)
Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (might be associated to All
Tripura) (India) International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) (banned
from India, UK, Canada) (India) International Sikh Youth Federation
(ISYF) (banned from India, UK, Canada) (India) Irish Republican
Army (IRA) (now used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army or
PIRA) (Ireland, U.K.) Irish Republican Army (IRA) (now used by the
Provisional Irish Republican Army or PIRA) (Ireland, U.K.) (1)
(Source: Italian Intelligence Magazine Gnosis, n. 1/2006) page 4 of
9
Slide 20
LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS slami Bykdou Aknclar Cephesi,
Great Eastern Islamic Raiders Front (Turkey) slami Bykdou Aknclar
Cephesi, Great Eastern Islamic Raiders Front (Turkey) Islamic Jihad
Union (IJU) (cell from Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan IMU
(Uzbekistan, Afghanistan) Islamic Jihad Union (IJU) (cell from
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan IMU (Uzbekistan, Afghanistan)
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)) (after the killing of Juma
Namangami former Soviet paratrooper in 2001 in Afghanistan, might
re- emerge as Islamic Movement of Turkestan) (Uzbekistan,
Afghanistan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
(IMU)) (after the killing of Juma Namangami former Soviet
paratrooper in 2001 in Afghanistan, might re- emerge as Islamic
Movement of Turkestan) (Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) (Army of Mohammed) (Pakistan)
Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) (Army of Mohammed) (Pakistan)
Jamaat-ul-Mujahidin, Jama'atul Mujahidin (Bangladesh)
Jamaat-ul-Mujahidin, Jama'atul Mujahidin (Bangladesh) Jemaah
Islamiya (JI), associated with Tandzim al-Qaedat Indonesia. Leader
Noordin Mohammed Tops assistant Amir Ibrohim (Amir Abdullah) was
killed in a gunfight with police in Temanggung, Java, Indonesia on
August 8, 2009. Noordin Mohammed Top was killed in a police raid in
Indonesia on September 16, 2009. (Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Thailand) Jemaah Islamiya (JI), associated with Tandzim
al-Qaedat Indonesia. Leader Noordin Mohammed Tops assistant Amir
Ibrohim (Amir Abdullah) was killed in a gunfight with police in
Temanggung, Java, Indonesia on August 8, 2009. Noordin Mohammed Top
was killed in a police raid in Indonesia on September 16, 2009.
(Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand) Jund Ansar
Allah, Soldiers of the Companions of God, associated to Al Qaeda.
On August 14, 2009 the leader Abdel-Latif Moussa, known also as Abu
al- Nour al-Maqdessi committed suicide during a gunfight with the
police in Gaza in which 17 of his militants were killed along with
six Hamas police officers and a baby girl. (Palestine) Jund Ansar
Allah, Soldiers of the Companions of God, associated to Al Qaeda.
On August 14, 2009 the leader Abdel-Latif Moussa, known also as Abu
al- Nour al-Maqdessi committed suicide during a gunfight with the
police in Gaza in which 17 of his militants were killed along with
six Hamas police officers and a baby girl. (Palestine) page 5 of
9
Slide 21
LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS Jund Ash Sham, Jund al-Sham,
Soldiers of Damascus (Palestine) Jund Ash Sham, Jund al-Sham,
Soldiers of Damascus (Palestine) Kahane Chai, Kach (Israel)
Khalistan Commando Force, KCF (India) Kahane Chai, Kach (Israel)
Khalistan Commando Force, KCF (India) Kongra-Gel, former Kurdistan
Workers Party, PKK, Partya Karkern Kurdstan, Kurdistan Freedom and
Democracy Congress, KADEK, Freedom and Democracy Congress of
Kurdistan. (Turkey) Kongra-Gel, former Kurdistan Workers Party,
PKK, Partya Karkern Kurdstan, Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy
Congress, KADEK, Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan.
(Turkey) Khuddam ul-Islam, Islamist Militant Group possibly
associated with Jaish-e-Mohammed, JEM (Pakistan) Khuddam ul-Islam,
Islamist Militant Group possibly associated with Jaish-e-Mohammed,
JEM (Pakistan) Kurdistan Freedom Falcons, Teyrbazn Azadiya
Kurdistan, TAK, Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (Turkey) Kurdistan Freedom
Falcons, Teyrbazn Azadiya Kurdistan, TAK, Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
(Turkey) Lashkar-e-Taiba(LT), Lakar- Tayyiba, Army of the Good,
Army of the Righteous, Army of the Pure (Pakistan)
Lashkar-e-Taiba(LT), Lakar- Tayyiba, Army of the Good, Army of the
Righteous, Army of the Pure (Pakistan) Lashkar I Jhangvi (LJ), Army
of Jhangvi (Pakistan) Lashkar I Jhangvi (LJ), Army of Jhangvi
(Pakistan) page 6 of 9
Slide 22
LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS Libyan Islamic Fighting Group,
(LIFG), Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyyah al-Muqatilah bi- Libya (Libya)
Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, (LIFG), Al-Jamaa al-Islamiyyah
al-Muqatilah bi- Libya (Libya) Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF)
(Ireland, U.K.) Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) (Ireland, U.K.)
Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group, Moroccan Islamic Fighting Group,
Groupe Islamique Combattant Marocain (GICM) (Morocco) Moroccan
Islamic Combatant Group, Moroccan Islamic Fighting Group, Groupe
Islamique Combattant Marocain (GICM) (Morocco) Movimiento
Revolucionario Tpac Amaru, Tupamaros (MRTA), Revolutionary Movement
Tupac Amaru (Peru, Uruguay) Movimiento Revolucionario Tpac Amaru,
Tupamaros (MRTA), Revolutionary Movement Tupac Amaru (Peru,
Uruguay) Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO), National
Liberation Army of Iran (NLA, the militant wing of the MEK), the
Peoples Mujahedin of Iran (PMOI), National Council of Resistance
(NCR), the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), Muslim
Iranian Students Society (front organization used to garner
financial support). (Iran) Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or
MKO), National Liberation Army of Iran (NLA, the militant wing of
the MEK), the Peoples Mujahedin of Iran (PMOI), National Council of
Resistance (NCR), the National Council of Resistance of Iran
(NCRI), Muslim Iranian Students Society (front organization used to
garner financial support). (Iran) Muslim Brothers, Al-Ikhwn
Al-Muslimn, Society of the Muslim Brothers, Al-Ikhwn, the
Brotherhood, (MB) (Egypt) Muslim Brothers, Al-Ikhwn Al-Muslimn,
Society of the Muslim Brothers, Al-Ikhwn, the Brotherhood, (MB)
(Egypt) National Democratic Front of Bodoland, (NDFB), Bodo
Security Force (agreed to ceasefire on June 1, 2005) (India)
National Democratic Front of Bodoland, (NDFB), Bodo Security Force
(agreed to ceasefire on June 1, 2005) (India) National Liberation
Front of Tripura (NLFT) (India) National Liberation Front of
Tripura (NLFT) (India) Ndrangheta, Organized crime group in
Calabria (Italy), associated with the AUC, Autodefensas Unidas de
Colombia Ndrangheta, Organized crime group in Calabria (Italy),
associated with the AUC, Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia Orange
Volunteers (Ireland, U.K.) Orange Volunteers (Ireland, U.K.)
Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) (Palestine) Palestine Islamic Jihad
(PIJ) (Palestine) page 7 of 9
Slide 23
LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS Palestine Liberation Front
(PLF) (Palestine) Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) (Palestine)
People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK) (India)
People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK) (India) Popular
Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Palestine) Popular
Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Palestine) Real IRA
(RIRA), True IRA (Ireland, U.K.) Real IRA (RIRA), True IRA
(Ireland, U.K.) Red Hand Commando (associated with Ulster Volunteer
Force (decommissioned in June 2009) (Ireland, U.K.) Red Hand
Commando (associated with Ulster Volunteer Force (decommissioned in
June 2009) (Ireland, U.K.) Red Hand Defenders (RHD) (Ireland, U.K.)
Red Hand Defenders (RHD) (Ireland, U.K.) Revolutionary Nuclei, or
Epanastatiki Pyrines), (RN) (former Revolutionary Popular Struggle)
(inactive since 2000) (Greece) Revolutionary Nuclei, or
Epanastatiki Pyrines), (RN) (former Revolutionary Popular Struggle)
(inactive since 2000) (Greece) Revolutionary Organization 17
November, Epanastatiki Organosi 17 noemvri, 17 November (Greece)
Revolutionary Organization 17 November, Epanastatiki Organosi 17
noemvri, 17 November (Greece) Revolutionary Peoples Liberation
Party/Front, Devrimci Halk Kurtulu Partisi/Cephesi, (DHKP/C)
(Turkey) Revolutionary Peoples Liberation Party/Front, Devrimci
Halk Kurtulu Partisi/Cephesi, (DHKP/C) (Turkey) Revolutionary
Struggle, or Epanastatikos Agonas (EA) Greece Revolutionary
Struggle, or Epanastatikos Agonas (EA) Greece The Salafist Group
for Call and Combat (GSPC) (Algeria) (possibly connected now with
Al-Qaeda) The Salafist Group for Call and Combat (GSPC) (Algeria)
(possibly connected now with Al-Qaeda) Sendero Luminoso, Shining
Path (SL) (Peru) Sendero Luminoso, Shining Path (SL) (Peru) page 8
of 9
Slide 24
LIST OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS Society of the Revival of
Islamic Heritage, Jamiat Ihya at-Turaz al-Islami, (RIHS) (a Non
Governmental Organization in Kuwait was, possibly, infiltrated by
Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Embargoed by the U.S. and the
ONU. Banned in Russia) (Kuwait, Afghanistan, Pakistan) Society of
the Revival of Islamic Heritage, Jamiat Ihya at-Turaz al-Islami,
(RIHS) (a Non Governmental Organization in Kuwait was, possibly,
infiltrated by Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Embargoed by
the U.S. and the ONU. Banned in Russia) (Kuwait, Afghanistan,
Pakistan) Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) (possibly
infiltrated by Al-Qaeda, might operate now under the name Indian
Mujahidin) (India) Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI)
(possibly infiltrated by Al-Qaeda, might operate now under the name
Indian Mujahidin) (India) Takfir wal-Hijra, Excommunication and
Exodus (might operate in Spain under the name Martyrs of Morocco)
(Egypt, Morocco, Spain) Takfir wal-Hijra, Excommunication and
Exodus (might operate in Spain under the name Martyrs of Morocco)
(Egypt, Morocco, Spain) Taliban. (Students of ) Leader of Taliban
group Tehrik-i- Talibani Pakistan, Baitullah Mehsud, killed August
5, 2009 in drone plane attack in the Zangar area of South
Waziristan.(*) (Afghanistan, Pakistan and other countries) Taliban.
(Students of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam) Leader of Taliban group
Tehrik-i- Talibani Pakistan, Baitullah Mehsud, killed August 5,
2009 in drone plane attack in the Zangar area of South
Waziristan.(*) (Afghanistan, Pakistan and other countries)Jamiat
Ulema-e-Islam Tandzim al-Qaedat Indonesia (Indonesia) Tandzim
al-Qaedat Indonesia (Indonesia)
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi, Movement for the Enforcement
of Islamic Law (TNSM) (banned in Pakistan in 2002) (Pakistan,
Afghanistan) Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi, Movement for
the Enforcement of Islamic Law (TNSM) (banned in Pakistan in 2002)
(Pakistan, Afghanistan) Ulster Defence Association (UDA), Ulster
Freedom Fighters (UFF) (terminated operations on November 11, 2007)
(Ireland, U.K.) Ulster Defence Association (UDA), Ulster Freedom
Fighters (UFF) (terminated operations on November 11, 2007)
(Ireland, U.K.) United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) (India)
United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) (India) United Mujahidin
Forces of the Caucasus, Congress of the Peoples of Ichkeria and
Dagestan (leader Shamil Basayev died July 10, 2006) (Chechnya)
United Mujahidin Forces of the Caucasus, Congress of the Peoples of
Ichkeria and Dagestan (leader Shamil Basayev died July 10, 2006)
(Chechnya) United Wa State Army, (Myanmar-Burma, Thailand) United
Wa State Army, (Myanmar-Burma, Thailand) Vanguard of Conquest, VC,
al Jihad, Egyptian Islamic Jihad (joined AlQaeda in 2001) (Egypt)
Vanguard of Conquest, VC, al Jihad, Egyptian Islamic Jihad (joined
AlQaeda in 2001) (Egypt) (*)source: The Guardian, UK August 7, 2009
page 9 of 9
Slide 25
LIST OF TERRORIST ATTACKS SINCE 2001 Year Victims Attacks Year
Victims Attacks 2001 3221 26 2001 3221 26 2002 118481 2002 118481
2003 58131 2003 58131 2004 1339 222 2004 1339 222 2005 419 38 2005
419 38 2006 67551 2006 67551 2007 801 91 2007 801 91 2008 2241 226
2008 2241 226 2009( July ) 781 137 2009( July ) 781 137 Attacks in
Iraq only. Not included in the other list Attacks in Iraq only. Not
included in the other list 2003 25 2003 25 2004140 2004140 2005478
2005478 2006297 2006297 2007442 2007442 2008257 2008257 2009 76
2009 76
Slide 26
NARCOTERRORISM Drug money has financed terrorist activities in
countries such as Colombia, Peru and other South American countries
and that the international drug trade generates profits which help
terrorists flourish in Afghanistan? Source: 2009 Khun Sa Pablo
Escobar
Slide 27
NARCOTERRORISM Narcoterrorismo (Narcoterrorism or
Narco-Terrorism). Term coined in 1983 by Fernando Belande Terry,
President of Peru (1963-68 / 1980-1985) when describing terror
against his nations anti-narcotics police. The president was
referring to Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) a communist group
conducting terrorist attacks against the police and institutions in
his country. Fernando Belande Terry (1912-2002)NARCOTERRORISM
Slide 28
UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC
DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES, 1988 NARCOTERRORISM See next
page
Slide 29
The Parties to this Convention, The Parties to this Convention,
Deeply concerned by the magnitude of and rising trend in the
illicit production of, demand for and traffic in narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances, which pose a serious threat to the health
and welfare of human beings and adversely affect the economic,
cultural and political foundations of society, Deeply concerned by
the magnitude of and rising trend in the illicit production of,
demand for and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances, which pose a serious threat to the health and welfare
of human beings and adversely affect the economic, cultural and
political foundations of society, Recognizing the links between
illicit traffic and other related organized criminal activities
which undermine the legitimate economies and threaten the
stability, security and sovereignty of States Recognizing the links
between illicit traffic and other related organized criminal
activities which undermine the legitimate economies and threaten
the stability, security and sovereignty of States (page 10 of the:)
FINAL ACT OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE FOR THE ADOPTION OF A
CONVENTION AGAINST ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGS AND
PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES FINAL ACT OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE
FOR THE ADOPTION OF A CONVENTION AGAINST ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN
NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCESNARCOTERRORISM
Slide 30
International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) (1992) 5. Illicit
cultivation of narcotic plants and illicit trafficking in drugs
continue to be a threat to the political, economic and social
stability of several countries. Links appear to exist between
illicit cultivation and drug trafficking and the activities of
subversive organizations in some countries in South America and
south east Asia, but similar connections have also been reported in
other regions in the world. Proceeds derived from offering
protection to illicit cultivators and from involvement in the
illicit marketing and distribution of the illicit products often
constitute the main financial basis of terrorist activities.
NARCOTERRORISM
Slide 31
World Conference on Human Rights Vienna, Austria, 14-25 June,
1993 17. The acts, methods and practices of terrorism in all its
forms and manifestations as well as linkage in some countries to
drug trafficking are activities aimed at the destruction of human
rights, fundamental freedoms and democracy, threatening territorial
integrity, security of States and destabilizing legitimately
constituted Governments. The international community should take
the necessary steps to enhance cooperation to prevent and combat
terrorism. NARCOTERRORISM
Slide 32
Council of Europe Pompidou Group 2 nd Pan-European Ministerial
Conference Strasbourg, 4 February, 1994 "considering the continuous
increase in and the spread of drug trafficking incidents, the
involvement of violent organizations in such activities constitute
a serious threat to the contemporary society", and thus, "it is
vital for the security forces to combat terrorism effectively"
(Art.15) NARCOTERRORISM
Slide 33
United Nations Declaration 49 th Session of the General
Assembly 2005 Underlines the concern of the international community
at the growing and dangerous links between terrorist groups, drug
traffickers, and their paramilitary gangs which have resorted to
all types of violence, thus endangering the constitutional order of
the States and violating basic human rights. NARCOTERRORISM
Slide 34
Oxford Dictionary: Narcoterrorism: Terrorism associated to the
trade of illegal drugs. (1999) U.S. criminologist Rachel Ehrenfeld:
Narcoterrorism: Use of drug trafficking to conduct the objectives
of some governments and terrorist organizations. (1990) Rachel
Ehrenfeld Italian economist Loretta Napoleoni: Narcoterrorism: Use
of terror tactics by the narco-traffickers and drug lords to
protect their illegal businesses. It also describes the alliance
between drug lords and armed organizations. Both have interests in
destabilizing governments and breaking down the established social
order. (2003) Loretta Napoleoni In the original context,
narcoterrorism is understood to mean that the narcotics traffickers
attempt to influence the policies of governments by the systematic
threat or use of violence. Definitions of NARCOTERRORISM
Slide 35
Combs & Slann (Encyclopedia of Terrorism): Narcoterrorism:
Narcoterrorism is the alliance between drug producers and an
insurgent group carrying out terrorist acts. () While the ultimate
ends sought by each group are usually different, the alliance
offers them immediate benefits. The members of these alliances the
coca growers, drug traffickers, and terrorist groups often share
common goals. These include, but are not limited to, the
destabilization of the government, the creation of discipline (for
market purposes) among growers, and liberation from the meddling of
the police and military. Mutual needs make the pursuit of these
goals beneficial in some respects to all involved. (2003) C.
Augustus (Gus) Martin, California State University Dominguez Hill:
Narcoterrorism: Political violence committed by dissident drug
traffickers who are primarily concerned with protecting their
criminal enterprise. (2003 ) Definitions of NARCOTERRORISM
Slide 36
United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Asa Hutchinson,
Administrator: Narcoterrorism: A subset of terrorism, in which
terrorist groups, or associated individuals, participate directly
or indirectly in the cultivation, manufacture, transportation, or
distribution of controlled substances and the monies derived from
these activities. () Further, DEA uses the term to characterize the
participation of groups or associated individuals in taxing,
providing security, or otherwise aiding or abetting drug
trafficking endeavours in an effort to further, or fund, terrorist
activities. (2002) Gregory J. Petrakis (+2008): Narcoterrorism: .
the involvement of terrorist organizations and insurgent groups in
the trafficking of narcotics,. there are three main variants of
narcoterrorism. These include: 1.Insurgents using the drug trade to
support their political objectives; 2. States sponsoring drugs for
arms and narcotics operations to further their influence to create
instability; 3. Dope dealers utilizing terrorist tactics like
bombings, assassinations and kidnappings to enhance their profits.
(2001)
Slide 37
General Rosso Jos Serrano Cadena, former Chief of the Colombian
Police from 1994 to 2000: Pablo Escobar Gaviria and the others used
terror, yes, but as a mean to intimidate the legimate Colombian
government not to interfere with their criminal activities. Those
were regular criminals without ideologies, they only were
delinquents following the myth of Al Capone and were not looking
for power, but only for space to conduct their criminal activities.
They were brutal and were not looking for public approval in some
revolutionary antisystem ideologies as it happens now with the
Taliban or FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revoluzionarias de Colombia).
General Serrano arrests Miguel Rodriguez Orejuela (Cali Cartel)
Definitions of NARCOTERRORISM Rudolf Giuliani, former Mayor of New
York: The links between drugs and terrorism are substantial. The
link has been known to law enforcement for a long time, but we
didn't see it as Americans because we thought we were immune to
terrorism.
Slide 38
Terrorists and Narcotics The Nexus Some terrorist groups
believe that they can weaken their enemies by flooding their
societies with addictive drugs. Some terrorist groups believe that
they can weaken their enemies by flooding their societies with
addictive drugs. Terrorists gain a source of revenue and expertise
in illicit transfer and laundering of proceeds from illicit
transactions. Terrorists gain a source of revenue and expertise in
illicit transfer and laundering of proceeds from illicit
transactions. Drug traffickers benefit from the terrorists military
skills, weapons supply, and access to clandestine organizations.
Drug traffickers benefit from the terrorists military skills,
weapons supply, and access to clandestine organizations.
Traffickers and terrorists have similar logistical needs in terms
of material and the covert movement of goods, people and money.
Traffickers and terrorists have similar logistical needs in terms
of material and the covert movement of goods, people and
money.
Slide 39
The methods used for moving and laundering money for general
criminal purposes are similar to those used to move money to
support terrorist activities. The methods used for moving and
laundering money for general criminal purposes are similar to those
used to move money to support terrorist activities. Migrant
smuggling, document fraud, arms trafficking, auto theft, smuggling
of contraband, and illegal financial transactions are tools for
terrorists as well as narcotics traffickers. Migrant smuggling,
document fraud, arms trafficking, auto theft, smuggling of
contraband, and illegal financial transactions are tools for
terrorists as well as narcotics traffickers. Terrorists and
Narcotics The Nexus
Slide 40
Five categories of Narcoterrorism 1. Narcotics traffickers use
terrorist tactics to further the organizations narcotics
enterprise. Avoid prosecution, hinder or prevent enforcement
activity, through intimidation of judges, prosecutors, police, and
the public. -Pablo Escobar(Colombia) -Medellin/Cali/Norte del Valle
Cartels(Colombia) - Mexican Drug Cartels(Mexico) - Mexican Drug
Cartels(Mexico) SENDERO LUMINOSO (Peru) FARC FARC Fuerzas Armadas
Revolucionarias de Colombia ELN ELN Ejrcito de Liberacin Nacional,
Colombia AUC AUC Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia
Slide 41
2. Terrorist organization provides protection for narcotics
traffickers or allows shipments to travel through regions without
interference for money but is not involved in narcotics
trafficking. -Al Qaeda -AUC Five categories of Narcoterrorism
Slide 42
3. Organization actively involved in narcotics trafficking and
using proceeds to fund terrorist activities. -FARC -FARC -Sendero
Luminoso
Slide 43
Five categories of Narcoterrorism 4. Drug Trafficking
Organization shares its smuggling routes, money laundering
capabilities and other criminal enterprises with terrorist
organizations in exchange for money/weapons. But Lorenzo Fernando
Da Costa exploits was in Colombia. According to the Colombian
military, he hooked up with the rebel Revolutionary Armed Forces of
Colombia, or FARC, providing cash and weapons smuggled from
Suriname in exchange for cocaine and protection. Souce: CNN May 27,
2001
Slide 44
Five categories of Narcoterrorism 5. Governments and Terrorist
Organizations who, allegedly, flood their enemy with narcotics
aimed at the destabilization of the target government and the
undermining of its society. Taliban-Colombia Taliban-Colombia Asian
countries-Cuba Asian countries-Cuba
Slide 45
World Narcoterrorism Countries United States Mexico Panama
Colombia Cuba Venezuela Ireland (CSI) Baltic Countries ChinaJapan
Sri Lanka Spain Lebanon Syria Israel Egypt Libya Afghanistan Iran
Peru Pakistan
Slide 46
Cocaine Coca Plant Cocaine HCL
Slide 47
Coca Cultivation Areas
Slide 48
Cocaine Trafficking Routes Source: DEA
Slide 49
Andean Potential Cocaine Production 1997 2008 (in metric tons)
875 825 925 879 827 Totals 879 859 980984 994 845 1008 Source:
UNODC World Drug Report 2009
Slide 50
NARCOTERRORISM MAJOR COCAINE TRAFFICKING ORGANIZATIONS Pablo
Escobar Pablo Escobar Medellin Cartel Medellin Cartel At the height
of their power the Medellin Cartel was making over 60 million
dollars per months for an estimated total of over 28 billion
dollars. Responsible for the murder of government officials and
police officers along with the killings of rival traffickers. Cali
Cartel Cali Cartel Colombian sources say that at the height of
their power, the Cali Cartel was responsible for 80% of the cocaine
exported from Colombia to the U.S. Responsible for the murder of
government officials and police officers along with the killings of
rival traffickers.
Slide 51
NARCOTERRORISM MAJOR COCAINE TRAFFICKING ORGANIZATIONS Norte
del Valle Cartel According to RICO, the U.S. Racketeer Influenced
and Corrupt Organizations Act, between 1990 and 2004, the Norte del
Valle Cartel exported from Colombia to the U.S. over 500 tons of
cocaine valued at over 10 billion dollars. Their fight against
rival traffickers caused over 1000 deaths between 2003 and 2004 in
the region of Valle del Cauca. Mexican Cartels Mexican Cartels
Mexico, a major drug producing and transit country, is the main
foreign supplier of marijuana and a major supplier of
methamphetamine to the United States. Although Mexico accounts for
only a small share of worldwide heroin production, it supplies a
large share of heroin consumed in the United States. An estimated
90% of cocaine entering the United States transits Mexico. In the
actual drug wars in Mexico there have been over 5000 deaths so far
in 2009 (January-September).
Slide 52
NARCOTERRORISM MAJOR COCAINE TRAFFICKING ORGANIZATIONS
NDRANGHETA NDRANGHETA Italian organized crime group originating
from Calabria, a region in the lower tip of Italy. Italian
organized crime group originating from Calabria, a region in the
lower tip of Italy.
Slide 53
Pablo Escobar The most wealthy and ruthless of the Colombian
drug traffickers was Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria. The most wealthy
and ruthless of the Colombian drug traffickers was Pablo Emilio
Escobar Gaviria. Born in a suburb of Medellin (Colombia) in 1949,
in 1975 took the position of Fabio Restrepo who was murdered that
year. Born in a suburb of Medellin (Colombia) in 1949, in 1975 took
the position of Fabio Restrepo who was murdered that year. He
became known for his way of dealing Plata o Plomo (Silver or Lead)
indicating that he was willing to pay for services or kill whoever
he could not buy. He became known for his way of dealing Plata o
Plomo (Silver or Lead) indicating that he was willing to pay for
services or kill whoever he could not buy.
Slide 54
Escobar was, allegedly, behind the November 6, 1985 attack on
the Supreme Court, carried out by the 19th of April insurrectionist
movement in which 12 of 25 Supreme Court Justices were killed. ( On
July 11, 2008, Virginia Vallejo, former lover of Pablo Escobar from
1983 to 1987 gave a statement at the Colombian Consulate in Miami
in which she said that Escobar told her he gave 1 million dollar
cash plus 1 million dollar in weapons and ammunitions to the
movement 19th of April to attack the Supreme Court to steal files
of the cocaine traffickers to be extradited to the United States ).
Escobar was, allegedly, behind the November 6, 1985 attack on the
Supreme Court, carried out by the 19th of April insurrectionist
movement in which 12 of 25 Supreme Court Justices were killed. ( On
July 11, 2008, Virginia Vallejo, former lover of Pablo Escobar from
1983 to 1987 gave a statement at the Colombian Consulate in Miami
in which she said that Escobar told her he gave 1 million dollar
cash plus 1 million dollar in weapons and ammunitions to the
movement 19th of April to attack the Supreme Court to steal files
of the cocaine traffickers to be extradited to the United States ).
On November 27 1989 a bomb exploded on Avianca flight 203 from
Bogota to Cali few minutes after take off killing all 107 passenger
and crew plus 3 victims on the ground. The alleged target was Csar
Gaviria Trujillo, leading candidate in the presidential election
who was not on board. On November 27 1989 a bomb exploded on
Avianca flight 203 from Bogota to Cali few minutes after take off
killing all 107 passenger and crew plus 3 victims on the ground.
The alleged target was Csar Gaviria Trujillo, leading candidate in
the presidential election who was not on board. Pablo Escobar
Virginia Vallejo Garcia author of the book: Amando a Pablo, Odiando
a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar) Random House, 2007
Slide 55
Later accused for the bomb on the Avianca flight was Dandeny
Muoz Mosquera, also known as "La Quica", allegedly chief assassin
for the Pablo Escobars Medellin Cartel. Muoz Mosquera was arrested
in Queens, New York while travelling with false passport in 1991
and was eventually sentenced to 10 life sentences plus 45 years,
all to be served consecutively at the Federal ADX Florence prison,
the same were Zacarias Moussaoui, the terrorist who admitted guilty
on the September 11, 2001 bombing in New York, is incarcerated.
Later accused for the bomb on the Avianca flight was Dandeny Muoz
Mosquera, also known as "La Quica", allegedly chief assassin for
the Pablo Escobars Medellin Cartel. Muoz Mosquera was arrested in
Queens, New York while travelling with false passport in 1991 and
was eventually sentenced to 10 life sentences plus 45 years, all to
be served consecutively at the Federal ADX Florence prison, the
same were Zacarias Moussaoui, the terrorist who admitted guilty on
the September 11, 2001 bombing in New York, is incarcerated. Pablo
Escobar
Slide 56
On December 6, 1989, a bomb on a bus which was parked outside
DAS Colombia's police intelligence headquarters in Bogota, was
detonated by remote control. Over 70 people died and hundreds were
wounded, more than 300 commercial properties in the area destroyed.
On December 6, 1989, a bomb on a bus which was parked outside DAS
Colombia's police intelligence headquarters in Bogota, was
detonated by remote control. Over 70 people died and hundreds were
wounded, more than 300 commercial properties in the area destroyed.
Had over 500 Medellin police officers killed in 1990 paying
$2,000.00 to $3,000.00 for each death. Had over 500 Medellin police
officers killed in 1990 paying $2,000.00 to $3,000.00 for each
death. Once arrested, afraid of being extradited to the United
States he escaped from prison and was eventually killed in a
gunfight with police on December 2, 1993. Once arrested, afraid of
being extradited to the United States he escaped from prison and
was eventually killed in a gunfight with police on December 2,
1993.
Slide 57
Medellin Cartel Killed in gunfight with police 1993 Cooperated
with Colombian government. Free Prison. Sentenced in 2003 to 30
years in USA for the murder of Barry Seal Jorge Ochoa Pablo Escobar
Barry Seal Murdered 19/02/86 in Louisiana, USA Fabio Ochoa
Cooperated with Colombian government. Free Carlos Lehder Cooperated
with USA on trial of Noriega. Under Witness Protection Program
Prison Juan David Ochoa George Jung Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha Founder
of the Cartel Killed in gunfight with police 1989 plus others
Slide 58
Cali Cartel plus others Helmer Herrera Buitrago Pacho Jose
Santacruz Londono Gilberto Rodriguez-Orejuela Miguel
Rodriguez-Orejuela Victor Patio-Fomeque Henry Loaiza-Ceballos El
Alacran (The Scorpion) Prison Killed in gunfight with police
1996
Slide 59
Norte del Valle Cartel plus others Diego Leon Montoya Sanchez
Eugenio Montoya Sanchez Luis Hertnando Gomez-Bustamante Carlos
Alberto Rentera Mantilla Wilber Alirio Varela Fajardo Found
murdered In Merida, VZ January 2008 Prison Fugitive $ 5 million
reward Juan Carlos Ramirez-Abadia Prison Jos Dagoberto Flores Ros
Prison
Slide 60
Mexico Source: Map Resources Congressional Research Service,
Mexicos Drug Cartels, updated February 25, 2008
Slide 61
Mexican Cartels Source: U.S. Drug Enforcement Admnistration
Congressional Research Service, Mexicos Drug Cartels, updated
February 25, 2008
Slide 62
Mexican Cartels Source: Congressional Research Service, Mexicos
Drug-Related Violence, May 27, 2009 After the disappearance of
Colombia's Cali and Medellin, Mexican drug cartels or Drug
Trafficking Organizations, in existence sine the 1980s, have become
more powerful. Mexico, a major drug producing and transit country,
is the main foreign supplier of marijuana and a major supplier of
methamphetamine to the United States. Although Mexico accounts for
only a small share of worldwide heroin production, it supplies a
large share of the heroin distributed in the United States. Drug
cartels in Mexico control approximately 70% of the foreign
narcotics that flow into the United States. The State Department
estimates that 90% of cocaine entering the United States transits
Mexico with Colombia being the main cocaine producer and that
wholesale of illicit drug sale earnings estimates range from $13.6
billion to $48.4 billion annually. Mexican drug traffickers
increasingly smuggle money back into Mexico in cars and trucks,
likely due to the effectiveness of U.S. efforts at monitoring
electronic money transfers. The violence of these cartels is
recognizable by the number of deaths, approximately 15.000 from
December 2006 to September 2009 of whom over 1.000 police and other
government officials such as prosecutors and hundreds of civilians.
Close to 45.000 cartel members are incarcerated. close to 50.000
soldiers and 10.000 policemen are at war against un undisclosed
number of traffickers (close to 10.000). In addition the war of the
cartels against themselves. Red area are where most of the
conflicts take places
Slide 63
Mexican Cartels Source: Congressional Research Service, Mexicos
Drug-Related Violence, May 27, 2009 Sinaloa Federation and Cartel
(Sinaloa) By 2008, a federation dominated by the Sinaloa cartel
(which included the Beltrn Leyva Organization and the Carillo
Fuentes or Jurez cartel) broke apart. The federation reportedly had
controlled a majority of the cocaine passing through Mexico to the
United States. The Sinaloa cartel itself remains strong and
effective in smuggling cocaine from South America to the United
States, but it has lost control of territory in Mexico to its
competitors as the result of the inter- cartel battles during 2008.
It is headed by Joaquin El Chapo Guzman, probably the most wanted
drug smuggler in Mexico. Gulf Cartel (Tamaulipas) A year ago, the
Gulf cartel was considered the most powerful DTO in Mexico, but it
has been a steady target of the government campaign and now it is
an open questionwhether the cartel is intact.19 The cartels
headquarters is the northeastern Mexican state of Tamaulipas. The
suspected leader of the cartel, Osiel Cardenas Guillen, was
arrested in 2003. However, he was not extradited to the United
States until 2007. The Gulf cartel no longer controls Los Zetas,
formerly their paramilitary enforcement arm. The relationship today
between the Gulf cartel and Los Zetas remains unclear though it is
likely they still cooperate.
Slide 64
Mexican Cartels Source: Congressional Research Service, Mexicos
Drug-Related Violence, May 27, 2009 Beltrn Leyva Organization
(Michoacan) Until last year, this syndicate was a part of the
Sinaloa federation. As part of the Sinaloa federation, it
controlled access to the U.S. border in Sonora state. It has become
independent of the Sinaloa federation and has grown to be one of
the most powerful drug trafficking organizations in Mexico, still
controlling large areas of the country. It is believed to be
responsible for the May 2008, assassination of acting federal
police director Edgar Milln Gomez in Mexico City, and has gone
after other high-ranking government officials. This organization
has quickly secured narcotics transport routes in the states of
Sinaloa, Durango, Sonora, Jalisco, Michoacan, Guerrero and Morelos.
Their attempt to take territory from their former Sinaloa partners
reportedly unleashed a wave of violence. Arrellano Felix
Organization/Tijuana Cartel (Baja California) This syndicate, once
one of the two most powerful Drug Trafficking Organizations, was
weakened significantly in 2008 by both U.S. and Mexican law
enforcement efforts to capture their highest ranking leadership.
The arrest of Eduardo El Doctor Arrellano Felix, in October 2008,
the last of the Arrellano brothers to be captured or killed, was
symbolic of its demise. This cartel split into two groups whose
conflict for dominance led to extensive violence in the Tijuana
area.
Slide 65
Mexican Cartels Source: Congressional Research Service, Mexicos
Drug-Related Violence, May 27, 2009 Vicente Carillo Fuentes
Organization/Jurez Cartel (Chihuahua) This organization is based in
Ciudad Jurez in Chihuahua state, across the border from El Paso,
Texas. It operates in much of northern Chihuahua state and part of
Nuevo Leon and Sonora states. Over the past year there has been an
ongoing violent battle between Sinaloa (their former partner) and
this cartel for control of Jurez. The Jurez cartel has a
longstanding alliance with the Beltrn Leyva Organization. Some
analysts fear that this once very powerful cartel will again grow
in power after splitting from Sinaloa. La Familia Michoacana
(Michoacan) Once a criminal group affiliated with the Sinaloa
cartel and now described by the DEA as an emergent cartel, is
active in the struggle for control of drugs arriving from Colombia
in the seaports of Michoacn, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas states.
La Familia was among three Drug Trafficking Organizations
designated as significant foreign narcotics traffickers under the
Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act, on April 15, 2009 by
President Barack Obama in advance of his trip to Mexico to meet
with President Caldern.29 Four days after this designation, which
imposes U.S. financial sanctions on group members, the Mexican
government arrested an entire party of suspected La Familia members
at a christening hosted by Rafael Cedea Hernndez, allegedly the
number two in the gang. During October 2009, U.S. DEA and FBI
arrested over 300 members of the Familia in the United States.
(source: DEA October 22, 2009)
Slide 66
Mexican Cartels Source: Congressional Research Service, Mexicos
Drug-Related Violence, May 27, 2009 Los Zetas This group of former
military counternarcotics commandos, known for its violence and
effective use of tactics and weaponry, has grown in power even
though it lost Daniel Perez Rojas. He was arrested in Guatemala
this past year and was allegedly the leader of the groups
activities in Central America. Los Zetas, since their split with
the Gulf cartel, have contracted themselves to a variety of drug
trafficking organizations throughout the country, notably the
Beltrn Leyva Organization. The Zetas who formed as fearsome
enforcers for the Gulf cartel have gained power under suspected
Zeta leader Heriberto Lazcano. In 2009, U.S. authorities have come
to believe this organization may be operating as an independent
Drug Trafficking Organizations. Los Zetas quickly established a
reputation as one of the most violent enforcer gangs with
military-level expertise in intelligence, weaponry and operational
tactics. Some argue that the escalation in violence in 2007 and
2008 can be traced in part to them.
Slide 67
NDRANGHETA Source: Open Sources DEA Italian Direzione Centrale
per i Servizi Antidroga The most powerful and wealthy Italian
organized crime group. It originates from Calabria, the lower tip
of Italy, mostly in the province of Reggio Calabria. Today this
group is the most dangerous and active in the drug trafficking
specializing in cocaine. It is estimated that since the early 1990s
the Ndrangheta imported from South America tons and tons of
cocaine. From 1991 trough 1994 they had already imported 11 tons of
cocaine, 5.4 tons of which were seized in northern Italy in 1994.
The Ndrangheta had dealing with Colombian guerrilla groups such as
the AUC (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia) whose leader Salvatore
Mancuso Gomez, son of an Italian emigrant to Colombia, was arrested
in 2007 and extradited to the United States during May 2008, along
with other 13 guerilla associates. According to Eurispes 2008,
Ndrangheta has a business turnover of 44 billions Euro. Salvatore
Mancuso Gomez
Slide 68
HEROIN White HeroinBrown Heroin
Slide 69
COLOMBIA MEXICO AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN BURMA THAILAND LAOS Heroin
Source Areas
Slide 70
The Threat from Illegal Drugs International Heroin Trafficking
Flows Iran Afghanistan Pakistan Mexico Colombia Burma Laos Thailand
Guatemala Lebanon
Slide 71
NORTHERN BLACK SEA ROUTE BALKAN ROUTE EAST MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE
K.K.T.C. Heroin Movement from Afghanistan Source: Turkish Police
2008
Slide 72
Estimated Worldwide Opium Production 1997 2008 (in metric tons)
Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2009 2008 estimates are a total for
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lao, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and
Colombia. Estimates for Mexico and smaller production countries not
available. Totals
Slide 73
COMPARING OPIUM PRODUCTION BETWEEN AFGHANISTAN AND REST OF THE
WORLD YearOPIUM PRODUCTION IN
AFGHANISTAN(TONS)GLOBALOPIUMPRODUCTION(TONS) PERCENTAGE OF
PRODUCTION IN AFGHANISTAN 1998 2,693 4,346 62% 1999 4,565 5,764 79%
2000 3,276 4,691 70% 2001185 1,596 12% 2002 3,400 4,491 76% 2003
3,600 4,765 76% 2004 4,200 4,850 87% 2005 4,100 4,620 89% 2006
6,100 6,610 92% 2007 8,200 8,847 93% Source: UNODC Source: UNODC
World Drug Report 2008
Slide 74
Estimated Worldwide Heroin Production 1997 2008 (in metric
tons) Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2009 2008 estimates are a
total for Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lao, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
and Colombia. Estimates for Mexico and smaller production countries
not available. Totals
Slide 75
NARCOTERRORISM MAJOR HEROIN TRAFFICKING ORGANIZATIONS Khun Sa
Khun Sa Chang Chi-fu (traditional Chinese: . Thai Name : Chan
Jangtrakul (Thai : ), more commonly known by the nom de guerre of
Khun Sa, was a warlord from Burma. He was also dubbed the "Opium
King" due to his opium trading in the so-called Golden Triangle
(350,000 square kilometres that overlaps the mountains of four
countries of Southeast Asia: Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam, Laos, and
Thailand). He was the leader of the Shan United Army. Le Milieu
French-Corsican. The French Connection. Le Milieu French-Corsican.
The French Connection. In partnership with the Italian Mafia, the
Milieu, whose leaders for drug trafficking were Franois Spirito and
Antoine Gurini associated with Brasilian Auguste Ricord, the
Corsicans Paul Mondoloni and Lucian Sarti and others, was
trafficking heroin from France to the United States. Mafia (Italy).
The Pizza Connection. Mafia (Italy). The Pizza Connection. When the
French Connection was disbanded from police authorities, Italian
Mafia took over the heroin trafficking from Southeast Asia to Italy
and the United States. Taliban (Afghanistan-Pakistan) Taliban
(Afghanistan-Pakistan) Afghan and U.S. officials believe that
taliban insurgents and regional groups associated with Al Qaeda
continue to profit from Afghanistans burgeoning narcotics trade.
Officials also suspect that drug profits provide some Al Qaeda
operatives with financial and logistical support. U.S. officials
believe that financial and logistical relationships between
narcotics traffickers, terrorists, and criminal groups pose threats
to the security of Afghanistan and the wider international
community. ( source: International Narcotics and Law Enforcement
Affairs)
Slide 76
Khun Sa Khun Sa Until January 1996, Khun Sa also known by his
Chinese name of Chang Chi Fuwas, the head of the Shan United Army
(SUA), was the leading heroin trafficking group in the Golden
Triangle, which comprises the countries of Burma, Thailand, and
Laos. In 1989 a court in New York accused him to have attempted to
introduce 1000 kilograms of heroin to the USA. Until January 1996,
Khun Sa also known by his Chinese name of Chang Chi Fuwas, the head
of the Shan United Army (SUA), was the leading heroin trafficking
group in the Golden Triangle, which comprises the countries of
Burma, Thailand, and Laos. In 1989 a court in New York accused him
to have attempted to introduce 1000 kilograms of heroin to the USA.
Khun Sa and his family have been active in the opium trade for many
years. In 1960, the Burmese government organized a self defense
force under Khun Sa to defend itself against ethnic Shan resistance
groups in the Shan State. To support his self defense force, Khun
Sa transported opium for some of the major traffickers. By January
1969, Khun Sa emerged as one of the most powerful ethnic Chinese
self defense force leaders in Upper Burma. Khun Sa and his family
have been active in the opium trade for many years. In 1960, the
Burmese government organized a self defense force under Khun Sa to
defend itself against ethnic Shan resistance groups in the Shan
State. To support his self defense force, Khun Sa transported opium
for some of the major traffickers. By January 1969, Khun Sa emerged
as one of the most powerful ethnic Chinese self defense force
leaders in Upper Burma.HEROIN Source: Open Sources Drug Enforcement
Administration
Slide 77
HEROIN After arrest and subsequent release by Burmese
authorities, Khun Sa took up residence in Thailand. A Thai sweep
operation against his Shan United Army headquarters forced Khun Sa
to relocate most of his headquarters to Burma. Khun Sa eventually
built an army from a few thousand men to an estimated 20,000
well-equipped and well trained troops. With this army, Khun Sa
became the most significant heroin trafficker in the Golden
Triangle and the world. After arrest and subsequent release by
Burmese authorities, Khun Sa took up residence in Thailand. A Thai
sweep operation against his Shan United Army headquarters forced
Khun Sa to relocate most of his headquarters to Burma. Khun Sa
eventually built an army from a few thousand men to an estimated
20,000 well-equipped and well trained troops. With this army, Khun
Sa became the most significant heroin trafficker in the Golden
Triangle and the world. Beginning in 1994, however, three major
developments combined against Khun Sa. First, the Thai Government
closed their border against him, thus depriving the SUA of valuable
goods and services; second, the DEA, working with the Royal Thai
Government, arrested 13 of Khun Sa's top lieutenants in "Operation
Tiger Trap," thus depriving the SUA of cash from heroin
trafficking; and third, the Burmese Army stepped up military
operations against him, thus depriving the SUA of needed military
hardware. Beginning in 1994, however, three major developments
combined against Khun Sa. First, the Thai Government closed their
border against him, thus depriving the SUA of valuable goods and
services; second, the DEA, working with the Royal Thai Government,
arrested 13 of Khun Sa's top lieutenants in "Operation Tiger Trap,"
thus depriving the SUA of cash from heroin trafficking; and third,
the Burmese Army stepped up military operations against him, thus
depriving the SUA of needed military hardware. Source: Open Sources
Drug Enforcement Administration
Slide 78
HEROIN With their heroin-trafficking empire disabled, the Shan
United Army surrendered to the Burmese Army in December 1995, and
Khun Sa stepped down from its leadership. After the surrender, Khun
Sa relocated to Rangoon, and is reportedly involved in a number of
business deals with the Burmese Government and the Burmese business
community. With their heroin-trafficking empire disabled, the Shan
United Army surrendered to the Burmese Army in December 1995, and
Khun Sa stepped down from its leadership. After the surrender, Khun
Sa relocated to Rangoon, and is reportedly involved in a number of
business deals with the Burmese Government and the Burmese business
community. Khun Sa died in Rangoon October 29, 2007. Khun Sa died
in Rangoon October 29, 2007. But during March 2009, Peerayuth
Phetsakol, Charn-narong Muser also known as Kasemthat, and Vicharn
Suthiphan were arrested in Chiang Mai, Thailand on charges of
heroin trafficking and found in possession of some rifles and U.S.
$ 3.4 million in cash. According to a statement from the Thailands
Department of Special Investigation, their office was urged by Drug
Enforcement Administration in Thailand to investigate a drug and
money laundering network. The group has a drug production factory
in Burma near Thailands But during March 2009, Peerayuth Phetsakol,
Charn-narong Muser also known as Kasemthat, and Vicharn Suthiphan
were arrested in Chiang Mai, Thailand on charges of heroin
trafficking and found in possession of some rifles and U.S. $ 3.4
million in cash. According to a statement from the Thailands
Department of Special Investigation, their office was urged by Drug
Enforcement Administration in Thailand to investigate a drug and
money laundering network. The group has a drug production factory
in Burma near Thailands border, where it produces heroin and
methamphetamine. The factory is guarded by UWSA ( United Wa State
Army). The drugs were smuggled in for sale in Thailand, China, Lao,
The drugs were smuggled in for sale in Thailand, China, Lao,
Cambodia Vietnam and later sent to Philippines, Canada and USA. The
group is related to the late Khun Sa. Khun Sa Source: Open Sources
Drug Enforcement Administration
Slide 79
HEROIN French Connection French Connection The heroin
trafficking of the Milieu originated in 1937 and the so-called
French Connection is only a chapter of the history. After years of
fighting the traffic, in 1971 the Turkish government agreed to a
complete ban on the growing of Opium, effective from June 29, 1972
thus stopping the flow of opium to the French laboratories in
Marseille. In the same period the United States Bureau of Narcotics
and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD), predecessor of the U.S. DEA, had major
roundups and BNDD agents with French authorities seized 50 kg of
heroin at the Paris airport. Subsequently, traffickers
Jean-Baptiste Croce and Joseph Mari were arrested in Marseilles.
Another seizure by French authorities netted 95 kg of heroin worth
$38 million (1973). In February 1972, French traffickers offered a
U.S. Army sergeant $96,000 to smuggle 109 kg of heroin into the
United States. He informed his superior who in turn notified the
BNDD. As a result of this investigation, five men in New York and
two in Paris were arrested with 120 kg of heroin, which had a
street value of $50 million. In a 14-month period, starting in
February 1972, six major illicit heroin laboratories were seized
and dismantled in the suburbs of Marseilles by French national
narcotics police in collaboration with U.S. drug agents. On
February 29, 1972, French authorities seized the shrimp boat,
Caprice des Temps, as it put to sea near Marseilles heading towards
Miami, it was carrying 415 kg of heroin. Additional success of the
police authorities finally terminated the trafficking operation.
The French Connection investigation demonstrated that international
trafficking networks were best disabled by the combined efforts of
drug enforcement agencies from multiple countries. In this case,
agents from the United States, Canada, Italy and France had worked
together to achieve success. Additional success of the police
authorities finally terminated the trafficking operation. The
French Connection investigation demonstrated that international
trafficking networks were best disabled by the combined efforts of
drug enforcement agencies from multiple countries. In this case,
agents from the United States, Canada, Italy and France had worked
together to achieve success. ( source: Open Sources )
Slide 80
HEROIN Pizza Connection Pizza Connection When the heroin
trafficking of the French Connection stopped around 1973-1974 with
the disbanding of the organization, the Italian Mafia started its
own laboratories in Sicily for the production of heroin to send to
the United States. The opium was coming from the Golden Triangle
thanks to Khun Sa and other suppliers. In addition the murder of
Carmine Galante, a New York based Mafia boss in 1979 and who did
not want to share the drug trafficking market with other Mafia
groups, left the road open to the Sicilians and production started.
Several U.S. police agencies were seizing heroin and were working
investigations without talking to each other until the request of
the subscriber for one telephone number in Philadelphia brought
together the FBI in New York working with the New York Police
Department and the DEA in Philadelphia. The result was the Pizza
Connection from the location were the heroin transactions were
made, in pizza shops along the U.S. East Coast. Furthermore the
assistance of Tommaso Buscetta and Salvatore Contorno, Mafia bosses
who started to cooperate with authorities helped to bring to trial
32 mafia members and associates who were indicted in the case.
Gaetano Badalamenti, a major player in the Mafia drug trafficking
organization, was arrested in Spain and extradited to New York for
the trial where he was sentenced to 45 years in prison and died
incarcerated in 2004. The war between the Mafia groups in Sicily
and the success of the authorities eventually ended the heroin
trafficking between Italy and the United States. This war also
claimed, in the years 1980-1984, thousand of victims including
magistrates and police officers. The war of the Mafia against the
Institutions claimed also the life of Judges Giovanni Falcone (May
23, 1992) and Paolo Borsellino (July 19, 1992). ( source: Open
Sources )
Slide 81
HEROIN Taliban Taliban The Taliban (Pashto: libn, meaning
"students") (students of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam), also known as
Taleban, is a Sunny Islamist, predominantly ethnic Pashtun radical
religious. After the collapse of the Democratic Republic of
Afghanistan in 1992 (born after the retreat of the Soviet Army in
1989), supported by the URSS, Afghanistan found itself in a civil
war among the various fighters of Islamic resistance (mujaheddin)
each fighting its own Jihad (fight). The Taliban were mostly
Madrasah (public schools) teachers and Afghan refugees who had
studied in Islamic schools in Pakistan, some were former military.
With training, supplies and arms received from the Pakistani
government, particularly the Pakistani Inter- Services Intelligence
(ISI) and headed by Mullah Mohammed Omar, they waged a guerrilla
war against the other groups and eventually were able to enter
Kabul in 1996 and taking control of Afghanistan until 2001 when the
U.S. lead coalition entered Afghanistan. The Taliban used, at the
beginning, drug trafficking revenues until the year 2000 when they
banned opium production in Afghanistan. The production of opium
returned, increasing, to normal after 2001. Since the Talibans
return to illegality the drug trafficking has become their major
revenue. (source: Open Sources)
Slide 82
HEROIN Taliban and Al Qaeda Taliban and Al Qaeda Taliban are
making more money today with narco-traffic that when they were in
power in Afghanistan. Taliban are making more money today with
narco-traffic that when they were in power in Afghanistan. Ten
years ago the Taliban were receiving $75-100 million per year by
taxing the opium cultivation and that was the only way they could
obtain dollars. Today the Taliban obtain approximately $125 million
yearly by taxing the cultivation and commerce of opium plus they
obtain money from the laboratories which are refining opium into
heroin and from the importation of precursor chemicals necessary to
the laboratories. Furthermore, Taliban and groups connected to Al-
Qaeda are obtaining money from the opium products market in
Pakistan (a market which is valued at approximately $1billion). Ten
years ago the Taliban were receiving $75-100 million per year by
taxing the opium cultivation and that was the only way they could
obtain dollars. Today the Taliban obtain approximately $125 million
yearly by taxing the cultivation and commerce of opium plus they
obtain money from the laboratories which are refining opium into
heroin and from the importation of precursor chemicals necessary to
the laboratories. Furthermore, Taliban and groups connected to Al-
Qaeda are obtaining money from the opium products market in
Pakistan (a market which is valued at approximately $1billion). The
involvement of the Taliban in the drug trafficking allow them to
finance a war machine always more complex and geographically
expanded. Narco-cartels are now growing in Afghanistan and nearby
countries. The involvement of the Taliban in the drug trafficking
allow them to finance a war machine always more complex and
geographically expanded. Narco-cartels are now growing in
Afghanistan and nearby countries. Source: UNODC Vienna, October 21,
2009 Statement by Antonio Maria Costa Executive Director
Slide 83
(source: Open Sources) DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT
Al-Qaeda
Slide 84
Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda Al-Qeda (, al-qida /more proper), "the base".
In an interview given by Osama bin Laden to Al Jazeera journalist
Tayseer Alouni in 2001 said that the name Al-Qaeda was established
a long time ago when the late Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri (Egyptian
born policeman, whose brother participated in the assassination of
Egyptian president Anwar El Sadat, left Egypt to join anti-Soviet
efforts in Afghanistan where Osama bin Laden made him Commander of
the Afghan Arabs. Died in a boat accident in Lake Victoria in 1996)
established the training camps for the mujahedeen against Russia's
terrorism. They used to call the training camp Al-Qaeda. The name
stayed. Al-Qeda (, al-qida /more proper), "the base". In an
interview given by Osama bin Laden to Al Jazeera journalist Tayseer
Alouni in 2001 said that the name Al-Qaeda was established a long
time ago when the late Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri (Egyptian born
policeman, whose brother participated in the assassination of
Egyptian president Anwar El Sadat, left Egypt to join anti-Soviet
efforts in Afghanistan where Osama bin Laden made him Commander of
the Afghan Arabs. Died in a boat accident in Lake Victoria in 1996)
established the training camps for the mujahedeen against Russia's
terrorism. They used to call the training camp Al-Qaeda. The name
stayed. Other opinions are available for the name, one given by
U.K. newspaper The Guardian in an interview with former Foreign
Minister Robin Cook says that Cook believed that the name Al-Qaeda
meant data-base and it was a data-base of the U.S. government with
the names of thousands of mujahedeen enrolled by CIA to fight
against the Soviet troop in Afghanistan. Other opinions are
available for the name, one given by U.K. newspaper The Guardian in
an interview with former Foreign Minister Robin Cook says that Cook
believed that the name Al-Qaeda meant data-base and it was a
data-base of the U.S. government with the names of thousands of
mujahedeen enrolled by CIA to fight against the Soviet troop in
Afghanistan. (source: Open Sources) DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL
THREAT
Slide 85
Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda was not funded by Bin Laden himself
but was supported by fundraising from various Islamic charities in
the Gulf region, mostly from Saudi Arabia who stopped financing in
1993, as well as "financial facilitators who gathered money from
both witting and unwitting donors. Al-Qaeda was not funded by Bin
Laden himself but was supported by fundraising from various Islamic
charities in the Gulf region, mostly from Saudi Arabia who stopped
financing in 1993, as well as "financial facilitators who gathered
money from both witting and unwitting donors. At the time of the
9/11 attacks, Al Qaeda operated with $30 million per year,
including $20 million that annually went to support the Taliban.
Funds were also used for training camps in Afghanistan, to create
terrorist networks and alliances, and support the jihadists and
their families. A relatively small amount of money went to finance
operations, including the 9/11 attacks. At the time of the 9/11
attacks, Al Qaeda operated with $30 million per year, including $20
million that annually went to support the Taliban. Funds were also
used for training camps in Afghanistan, to create terrorist
networks and alliances, and support the jihadists and their
families. A relatively small amount of money went to finance
operations, including the 9/11 attacks. (source: Open Sources)
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT
Slide 86
Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda The U.S. Commission Report on the September
11, 2001 attacks to the Twin Towers in New York, Pentagon in
Washington and the Pennsylvania crash, stated that it might have
cost Al-Qaeda between $400,000 and $500,000 to execute them
considering that the operatives spent more than $270,000 in the
United States. And they say that, at the time of publication (2004)
they did not see any connection with drugs, although the could not
identify where the money was coming from: The U.S. Commission
Report on the September 11, 2001 attacks to the Twin Towers in New
York, Pentagon in Washington and the Pennsylvania crash, stated
that it might have cost Al-Qaeda between $400,000 and $500,000 to
execute them considering that the operatives spent more than
$270,000 in the United States. And they say that, at the time of
publication (2004) they did not see any connection with drugs,
although the could not identify where the money was coming from:
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT (see next page)
Slide 87
we have not been able to determine the origin of the money used
for the 9/11 attacks. Al Qaeda had many sources of funding and a
pre 9/11 annual budget of $30 million. If a particular source of
funds had dried up, Al Qaeda could easily have found enough money
elsewhere to fund the attack. we have not been able to determine
the origin of the money used for the 9/11 attacks. Al Qaeda had
many sources of funding and a pre 9/11 annual budget of $30
million. If a particular source of funds had dried up, Al Qaeda
could easily have found enough money elsewhere to fund the attack.
Allegations that Al Qaeda used a variety of illegitimate means to
finance itself, both before and after 9/11, continue to surface.
The most common involve the drug trade, conflict diamonds, and
state support; none can be confirmed (Source: The 9/11 Commission
Report, Executive Summary, page 14) DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL
THREAT
Slide 88
After reviewing the relevant intelligence on Al Qaedas
involvement in drug trafficking and interviewing the leading
authorities on the subject, we have seen no substantial evidence
that Al Qaeda played a major role in the drug trade or relied on it
as an important source of revenue either before or after 9/11.
While the drug trade was an important source of income for the
Taliban before 9/11, it did not serve the same purpose for Al
Qaeda. Although there is some fragmentary reporting alleging that
Bin Laden may have been an investor, or even had an operational
role, in drug trafficking before 9/11, this intelligence cannot be
substantiated and the sourcing is probably suspect. One
intelligence analyst described the reporting as bizarre. Bin Laden
may, however, have encouraged drug traffickers to sell to
Westerners as part of his overall plan to weaken the West (though
much of that intelligence is also suspect) After reviewing the
relevant intelligence on Al Qaedas involvement in drug trafficking
and interviewing the leading authorities on the subject, we have
seen no substantial evidence that Al Qaeda played a major role in
the drug trade or relied on it as an important source of revenue
either before or after 9/11. While the drug trade was an important
source of income for the Taliban before 9/11, it did not serve the
same purpose for Al Qaeda. Although there is some fragmentary
reporting alleging that Bin Laden may have been an investor, or
even had an operational role, in drug trafficking before 9/11, this
intelligence cannot be substantiated and the sourcing is probably
suspect. One intelligence analyst described the reporting as
bizarre. Bin Laden may, however, have encouraged drug traffickers
to sell to Westerners as part of his overall plan to weaken the
West (though much of that intelligence is also suspect) Source:
National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States,
Chapter 2. Terrorist Financing Staff Monograph, 2004 DRUGS AND
TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT
Slide 89
Arabian Gulf (Dec. 16, 2003) A U.S. Navy boarding team
operation from the guided missile destroyer USS Decatur (DDG 73)
discovered an estimated two tons of narcotics with a street value
of around eight to ten million dollars aboard a 40- foot dhow
intercepted in the Arabian Gulf. The dhows 12 crewmembers were
taken into custody and transferred to USS Decatur, and Decatur
sailors are in control of the dhow. The smuggling routes are known
to be used by Al-Qaeda and three of the 12-crew members are
believed to have links to the organization. DRUGS AND TERRORISM A
GLOBAL THREAT Source: Navy.Mil Official Website of the United
States Navy Official Website of the United States Navy December 16,
2003 December 16, 2003 U.S. Navy photo by Photographers Mate 2nd
Class Michael Sandberg. (RELEASED)
Slide 90
DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT A report from the US
Department of State by the title: Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S.
Policy Narco-Terrorism: Afghan and U.S. officials believe that
Taliban insurgents and regional groups associated with Al Qaeda
continue to profit from Afghanistans burgeoning narcotics trade.
Officials also suspect that drug profits provide some Al Qaeda
operatives with financial and logistical support. U.S. officials
believe that financial and logistical relationships between
narcotics traffickers, terrorists, and criminal groups pose threats
to the security of Afghanistan and the wider international
community. page 12 Source: Department of State International
Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs 2005 Updated January 25,
2006
Slide 91
A new book published in 2009: A new book published in 2009:
SEEDS OF TERROR SEEDS OF TERROR HOW HEROIN IS BANKROLLING THE
TALIBAN AND AL-QAEDA HOW HEROIN IS BANKROLLING THE TALIBAN AND
AL-QAEDA DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT See next page
Slide 92
This isnt a fanciful conspiracy theory. Seeds of Terror is
based on hundreds of interviews with Taliban fighters, smugglers
and law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Their information is
matched by intelligence reports shown to the author by frustrated
U.S. officials who fear the next 9/11 will be far deadlier than the
first-and paid for with drug profits. Seeds of Terror makes the
case that we must Seeds of Terror makes the case that we must cut
terrorists off their drug earnings if we ever hope to beat them.
(quote from the dust jacket) DRUGS AND TERRORISM A GLOBAL THREAT
Seeds of Terror by Gretchen Peters Thomas Dunne Books St. Martins
Press New York May 2009
Slide 93
NARCOTERRORISM The same illegal drug production funds that
attack civilized society also destabilize democracies across the
globe. Illegal drug production undermines worldwides culture; it
funds terror; and it erodes democracy. And they all represent a
clear and present danger to our security. Asa Hutchinson, Director,
Drug Enforcement Administration Heritage Foundation: Kathryn and
Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies Washington,
DC, April 2, 2002