International Humanitarian Law International Humanitarian ... · PDF fileInternational Humanitarian Law: ... certificate of completion ... The need to have a facilitator with high

International Humanitarian Law: Challenges and Developments

Online Course

23 May - 20 June 2016

600 USD

To register: www.unitar.org/event/node/419636

International Humanitarian Law Results Summary Report

21 November - 19 December 2016

Interna�onal Humanitarian Law


AGB No. AGB 2016.KSI.###

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RESULTS SUMMARY REPORT FOR NON DONOR LEARNING EVENTS 1 . O v e r a l l g o a l o f e v e n t

2 . R e s u l t s

3 . C o n c l u s i o n s

5 . L e s s o n s t o b e l e a r n e d

ANNEXES I . I n f o g r a p h i c s

I I . F a c i l i t a t o r a n d t e c h n i c a l s u p p o r t

I I I . G r a d e s

11

1

6

6

7

81 1

1 3

1 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

International Humanitarian Law 21 November - 19 December 2016 | Results Summary Report

1

RESULTS SUMMARY REPORT FOR NON DONOR LEARNING EVENTS

Course title International Humanitarian Law Delivery dates 21 Nov – 19 Dec 2016

Programme/Office/Unit Knowledge Systems Innovation (KSI)

SECTION 1 – OVERALL GOAL OF EVENT

To understand the history, sources, role, principles and importance of international humanitarian law to limit the effet of Armed Conflicts; and the mechanisms and procedures established to ensure compliance with existing international humanitarian law obligations.

SECTION 2 – RESULTS

Observations

# of participants registered 21 Out of the 21 participants, 56% were female and 44% were male. Participants affiliation: Research Institute (11%), International/regional organization (67%), and Academia (22%). South America (25%), Africa (19%), Asia (12%), Europe (20%), North America (19%) and Oceania (6%)

# of participants completing event

11

# of participants receiving certificate of completion

11 Refer to Outcome Indicator on p. 3

# of participants receiving certificate of participation

N/A

# of incompletes N/A

Date: 06/01/2017

2

Key measures

% 4 + 5 rating*

Comments

Information

Pre-event information Usefulness 100%

Accuracy 100%

Course

Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives – Module 1 “The syllabus of Module 1 was perfect for beginning stage of learning

IHL.“

“The material - the lessons, the mini-lecture and visual material were all

excellent; the forum task was challenging. However there was far more

work that could be completed in 10hrs. The sudden change in the

requirements of the forum post, at a late stage, when a response was

almost complete was a source of irritation.“

“All material excellent; I had slight problems in accessing some of the

online material: possibly not UNITAR's fault. “

Relevance 100%

Clarity 100%

Learning Objectives – Module 2

Relevance 100%

Clarity 100%


Relevance 100%

Clarity 100%


Relevance 100%

Clarity 100%

Value, relevance and intent to use

Information was new to participants 100%

“Content was excellent, but I am more-or-less retired and so am not

very likely to use much of the material in a work setting. None the worse

for that.”

“Perhaps the course could be encouraged for non-lawyers (like myself).

While it requires effort, it is useful for cross-disciplinary knowledge, or

knowledge for someone working in related areas. The course

registration mentions that it is recommended for lawyers. While that is

understandable, and I took up the challenge, I think the registration

could encourage non-lawyers who are made aware of the approach

followed.”

Content relevant to job 75%

Likelihood to use information presented

75%

3

Methodological

Approach

The methodology has facilitated the learning process 100% “It was excellently conducted..”

“Thank you for your kind help! “

”Very helpful and supportive.”

The methodology guided the learning to areas where knowledge needed to be enhanced

100%

The substantive elements related to international environmental law were clearly presented in the course content

100%

Which learning material did you use the most?

The interactive lessons (online) 0%

Printable Versions (PDF) of the course lessons 100%

What is your preferred way to take training?

Online 0%

Blended (e.g. e-Learning + face-to-face) 100%

Quality of UNITAR support 100%

Effectiveness of the

facilitator in:

Summarizing discussions 100%

“The facilitator was exceptionally good. He responded to individual

participants posts carefully, from introductions to forum discussions. He

synthesized forum discussions and gave his analysis in a very helpful

way. His role and the outstanding quality of the pdf notes made this a

highly appreciated and recommended course. “

“A beaut guy! Scholarly, detailed and perceptive. Give the man a beer! “

Responding to needs/questions of participants 100%

Promoting participation of all learners and stimulating their involvement

100%

Providing feedback to the assessment activities 100%

Demonstrating personal experience with the subject

100%

4

Online

Discussion

The topics discussed in the forum raised relevant aspects on International Humanitarian Law.

100% “Given the nature of the questions (technical and lengthy), it left less

room for interactive discussions. However, the value was in reading

other participant posts and learning about different approaches and

viewpoints. The moderators summary and own analysis were extremely

helpful.“ The interaction with fellow participants was enriching and useful 75%

Assessments

Overall, how effective were the assessment activities in helping you understand the topics and achieve the learning objectives?

75% “Both forum and quiz format are perfect ”

“The moderation for the discussion forum was outstanding. The

moderator provided very useful synthesis of the discussions.”

“Something a bit more interactive, with contact with the other

students.“

How effective was the combination of self-learning with assessments and online discussions in terms of facilitating knowledge-sharing?

100%

How well assessment tools contributed to helping participants understand topics and meet the learning objectives:

Quizzes (Modules 1 to 4) 87%

Tasks (Modules 1 to 4)

87%

User experience The overall navigability of the course is user friendly 86% 75% of participants rated the pace of the course as “just right”, 25% of the participant rated it as “too fast”. Participants claimed to have dedicated to the course per week more than 10 hours (75%), none between 4 and 6 hours, between 8 and 10 hours (0%), between 6 and 8 hours (25%), and none of the participants spent between less than 4 hours per week on the course.

The User Guide helped me find my way around the virtual learning environment

100%

The overall time frame of the course (3 weeks) established a path which is:

Slightly too fast 25%

Just right

75%

5

Overall usefulness of the course 100% “All useful in some degree.”

“All aspects blended well.”

Recommend course to a colleague 100%

1 Percentage of participants who performed the compulsory graded tasks: Quizzes, Forums and Final Report from Module 1 to Module 3. These tasks are known as the Criterion-Referenced Tests (CRT). 2 The CRT rate is the percentage of assessments attempted by participants. The course had a total of five CRT per student.

Outcome Indicator

Data Collection Method

CRT Attempt

Rate1

Basis of Analysis

Survey Response

Rate

Comments

86% of participants met the

60% CRT cut-off

CRT results

86%

CRT score2

42%

Among the participants who received the Certificate of Completion, 100% (11/21) achieved the “Excellent” level of performance (90-100 points). 38% (5/21) of the participants dropped out and did not receive anything, because of non-participation in the course.

Certificate of Completion

6

SECTION 3 – CONCLUSIONS / OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF EVENT

This session of the course (21 Nov – 19 Dec 2016) was in general successful. The feedback of the participants is very important for adapting and correcting various elements for the next session. Participants really appreciated the facilitator’s expertise, as well as the activities and lessons. Some participants gave recommendations on how to improve the activites. Some of them highlighted the need of more interactivity and expressed some technical problems. With the added feedback and experience, the next session of the course will contain modifications that will increase the effectiveness of the activities and the facilitator’s performance. The completion rate was 68%.

SECTION 4 – RECOMMENDATIONS Timeline for Action Planned, Under Imp.,

Implemented

1. Encourage participants for more interaction. 2. Create a live chat with the facilitator if possible. 3. Provide a required configuration to avoid technical problems. 4. Make the quizzes easier for people that are not professionals. 5. Encourage more the participants to do the surveys. 6. Review the target audience; should be focused on those in the legal field, if non-legal audience is included,

the text should be more accommodating for beginners/ those new to the field.

Before next session (TBA)

Planned

7

SECTION 5 – LESSONS TO BE LEARNED (if relevant)

Some of the main lessons to be learned from this session were:

The need to have a facilitator with high quality skills in IHL and highly engaged. A live chat for answering question could be very interesting.

The importance of providing extra materials and videos.

The importance of taking into account computer skills of participants.

Assessment of the effectiveness of interactive lessons.

The need to review the usefulness of storyline interactive lessons, as was noted that 42% of participant who responded to the evaluation questionnaire indicated that they used only pdf notes.

SECTION 6 – ANNEXES

1. Infographics 2. Facilitator and technical support 3. Grades 4. Evaluation graphs

THIS FORM AND ANY ANNEXES SHOULD BE SUBMIITED TO THE PLANNING, PERFORMANCE AND RESULTS SECTION.

Completion Results

68%

PARTICIPANTS

Very Good0% Very Good0%

Excellent 100% Drop-outCerti�cateof Completion

32%

I can describe the mos in�uancial stepsin the evolution of modern law of

armed con�icts

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

100%

75%

I can describe the mos in�uancial stepsin the evolution of modern law of 100%

75% I can identify the basic principles upon which the detailed rules of the

law of armed con�icts rest and form which they can be deduced

I can di�erenciate between jus ad bellum and jus in bello

I can identify the di�erent sources of the law of armed con�icts

I can idi�erenciate between the existing international criminal jurisdiction and

their scope of application

I can explain how armed con�icts areapplicable to the law of armed con�icts75% applicable to the law of armed con�icts 75%

PARTICIPANTS

clear97%

21

relevant100%

Good0%

Participant Pro�le

25%

25%

International/ Regional Organization

Non Governmental Organization

Academia

56%56%44%

Gender

Region

Area of work

50%

25%

19%

19% 10%10%10%10%

12%

20%

Interactions

Summarizing discussions

The facilitator was e�ective in:

The methodological support provided by UNITAR was:

Discussion forums

very good

good

75%

25%

The topics discussed in the forum raised relevant aspects on International Humanitarian Law

The interaction with fellow participants was enriching and useful

100%

75%

67

100%

100%

100%

100%

Responding to needs/questions of participants

Promoting participation of all learnersand stimulating their involvement

Providing feedback to the assessment activities

Demonstrating personal experience with the subject 100%

The interaction with fellow participants was enriching and useful

Annex II

Course Facilitator Dr. Etienne Henry

[email protected]

Etienne Henry holds a Bachelor, a Master of Law and

a PhD of the University of Neuchâtel (Switzerland), a

Certificate of Advanced Studies in Human Rights of the

University of Geneva and a diploma of international

humanitarian law delivered by the International

Committee of the Red Cross. While completing his

studies, he was granted an Erasmus scholarship and

spent an academic year as an exchange student at the

University of Granada (Spain). His doctoral dissertation

on The Principle of Military Necessity: Past, Present and

Future of a Fundamental Norm of International

Humanitarian Law was given the best grade (summa cum

laude) and will be published by the French publisher A.

Pedone in the first half of 2017. He has worked as a

teaching and research assistant for the University of

Neuchâtel (2009-2014) and, as a legal advisor for the

Swiss Federal Office of Justice in the field of private

international law (2007-2009) as well as for the

Directorate of International Law of the Federal

Department of Foreign Affairs (2014-2015). Since 2014 he has been a lecturer at the

University of Neuchâtel and, in this context, has taught public international law at the

High School of Management of Neuchâtel and Delémont.

He has been a visiting researcher at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian

Law and Human Rights in Geneva (February-August 2016). He is now conducting a

research entitled ‘Current Problems of the International Law on the Use of Force’ funded

by an 18-months ‘Early Postdoc.Mobility’ fellowship of the Swiss National Science

Foundation (September 2016-February 2018). From September 2016, he will be visiting

the Centre of International Law of the Université libre de Bruxelles and, from March 2017

to February 2018, he will be a visiting researcher at the Australian National University

College of Law, where he will also co-teach a LLM course on International Humanitarian

Law. As Course Moderator, Dr. Henry responded to questions concerning the subject matter and assisted participants in preparing their written report and case studies.

mailto:[email protected]

UNITAR Technical Support

Ms. Gianna Sanchez Moretti

E-mail: [email protected]

Ms. Sanchez Moretti, Italo-Venezuelan, holds a

Master in International Studies and Human

Rights (2012) and a Bachelor in International

Relations (2010) from the Università degli Studi

di Torino. She is currently a PhD candidate at

the Faculty of Law of the Universidade de

Brasília conducting a research project on the

right to education and racial discrimination in

Brazil, hoping to become a Doctor in Spring

2017. Her research and professional experiences

encompass the areas of human rights,

international law, education, training and

development, especially within the United

Nations system, e.g., UNICEF (Madrid), UNESCO

(Paris), UNITAR (Geneva), and IPC-UNDP (Brasilia).

Since 2013, she works with UNITAR's Knowledge Systems Innovation (KSI) Unit, where

she is in charge of the International Law portfolio (Law4Dev), is involved in the

development and control of the quality of KSI’s training activities, and supports the

implementation of various e-Learning courses. She is fluent in English, Spanish, French,

Italian and Portuguese.

.

Mr. Marco Pangallo

E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Marco Pangallo graduated in International Affairs from the

International Management School in Geneva and currently is doing

a Masters in International Relations. His professional experiences

relate to education, humanitarian law, communication,

management and political affairs. He has worked for the French

public function and as a political journalist. Marco speaks French,

Italian and English. He is currently doing an internship with

UNITAR-KSI.



http://www.unitar.org/ksi/portfolio-projects/3387


14

Grades Total No. of participants

Excellent 90% - 100%

(90-100 points) 11/16 (68%)

Certificate of Completion Very good 80% - 89%

(80-89 points)

0/16 (0%)

Good 60% - 79%

(60-79 points)

0/16 (0%)

Failed 0% - 59%

(0-59 points)

5 (32%)

Certificates

Completion 11 (68%)

Participation 0

International Humanitarian Law 21 November- 19 December2016 | Results Summary Report

16

Graph 1: Learning Objectives Module 1

Learning Objectives

Annex IV. Evaluation Graphs

9 D e s c r i n e t h e m o s t in uancial te in t e evolu�on o t e mo erm law o arme con ict ( L O A C )

9 I en� t e ba ic rinci le u on w ic t e etaile rule o t e L

9 Dtermine t e e oint o t e law rela�n to t e maintenance o eace an a e t e e ca it o t e current re ula�on o t e ri t to re ort to orce

9 lain an i cu w ue �on o t e law ulne

o t e u e o orce are e arate rom ue �on

o t e obli a�on o te ar�e urin arme

con ict

9 I en� t e i erent ource o t e L

9 Di erenciate between t e e i �n interna�onal criminal uri ic�on an t eir co e o a lica�on


17


9 rai e t e no�on o arme con ict to w ic t e L i a licable

9 l t e et o rule o t e L n wit a iven arme con ict

9 I en� t e er on or en��ie boun b t e L

9 u � t e e tent o t e rotec�on rante to t e i erent cate orie o rotecte er on un er

t e L

9 Di renciate between t e ob ec�ve an ub ec�ve be inin en o

a licabilit o t e L


a licabilit o t e L

9 e t e nece it o t e conclu ion o a ecial a reement to overcome a an in u ancie in

t e L a licable to a ar�cular arme con ict

9 lain an illu trate t e mer in roce between t e L a licable to I an t e L a licable to NI

9 I en� an e lain t e i erent et o coo era�on

between t e L an Interna�onal Human i t Law IH L


18

9 I en� t e rinci le o Di �nc�on an reco ni e it i erent a ect

9 lain ow t e a lica�on o t i un amental rule allow belli erent ar�e to ma e tar e�n eci ion

urin arme con ict

9 I en� w ic ob ec�ve ot er t an civilian an civilian ob ect en o

eci c immunit rom a ac un er t e L

9 ell out t e rinci le an rule t at overn t e acce tabilit or unacce tabilit o t e u e o wea on wit re ar to t e aim o arme con ict

9 Di �n ui between ille al act o er an le al act o ru e

9 e t e e ec�vene o t e rinci le w ic

ro ibit t e u e o certain mean an met o o war are in li t o t e

evelo ment o new-a e militar wea on

9 I en�t t e new c allen e or t e L rela�n to t e

u e o rone an ot er new mean o mo ern war are


9 tructure an nt e i e bot t e norma�ve an in �tu�onal im lementa�on mec ani m

rovi e b IHL

9 eco ni e t e orm o an e cribe t e unc�on rovi e b rotec�ve

emblem to a

9 I en� w o i en�tle to combatant tatu w o i en�tle to ri oner o war tatu w o i not en�tle

to t o e tatu nall w o belon in t e cate or o w at i ome�me calle an irre ular combatant

9 ri�call anal e t e re orm intro uce wit re ar to t e tatu o re ular combatant

9 I en� t e rotecte civilian un er L an e cribe ow t e ri t o civilian non-combatant are rotecte in t e mo ern L

9 Demon trate w ri t rante to rotecte er on

b eneva onven�on I I are rante in all circum tance w t e e ri t cannot be waive

eviate rom or ot erwi e imini e in an wa

9 rai e t e overall role o t e I in t e evelo ment an im lementa�on o IHL t rou it an ate an c�vi�e an re ent t e w ole o ac�vi�e er orme b t e I w et er in eace�me or in �me o arme con ict

9 e t e overall e ec�vene o IHL in t e worl we live in to a i en� w at a ect o IHL unc�on well an w at a ect coul be im rove u on




20

Graph 6: Module 1 Assessments

I en� t e ba ic rinci le u on w ic t e etaile rule

o t e L re t an rom w ic t e can be e uce

Graph 5: Module 1 Learning Objectives

De cribe t e mo t in uen�al te in t e evolu�on o

t e mo ern Law o rme on ict L


21


Determine t e e oint o t e law rela�n to t e

maintenance o eace an a e t e e cac o t e current re ula�on o t e ri t to re ort to orce


Di eren�ate between u a bellum an u in bello

Graph 9 Module 1 Learning Objectives

lain an i cu w ue �on o t e law ulne

o t e u e o orce are e arate rom ue �on o

t e obli a�on o t e ar�e urin arme con ict in

mo ern Interna�onal Law


22


I en� t e i erent ource o t e L


Di eren�ate between t e e i �n interna�onal criminal uri ic�on an t eir co e o a lica�on


23

lain ow arme con ict a licable to t e

L O A C


l t e et o rule o t e L n wit a iven

arme con ict


I en� t e er on or en��e boun b t e L



24


u � t e e tent o t e rotec�on rante to t e

i erent cate orie o rotecte er on un er

t h e L O A C

Graph 16: MModule 2 Learning Objectives

Di eren�ate between t e ob ec�ve an ub ec�ve

be innin en o a licabilit o t e L


e t e nece it o t e conclu ion o a ecial a reement to overcome a an in u ciencie in t e L a licable to a

ar�cular arme con ict


25


lain an illu trate t e mer in roce between t e L a licable to I an

t e L a licable to NI


I en� t e conven�onal ource o t e L a licable

t o N I A C s


I en� an e lain t e i erent et o coo era�on between t e L an

Interna�onal Human i t Law IH L

26



I en� t e rinci le o Di �nc�on an reco ni e it

i erent a ect


I en� t e new c allen e or t e L rela�n to t e

u e o rone an ot er new mean o war are


lain ow t e a lica�on o t i un amental rule allow belli erent ar�e to ma e tar e�n eci ion urin

arme con ict


27


I en� w ic ob ec�ve ot er t an civilian an

civilian ob ect en o eci c immunit rom a ac un er

t h e L O A C


ell out t e rinci le an rule t at overn t e acce tabilit or

unacce tabilit o t e u e o wea on wit re ar to t e

aim o arme con ict


Di �n ui between ille al act o er an le al act

o ru e

28



e t e e ec�vene o t e rinci le w ic ro ibit t e u e o certain mean an met o o war are in li t o t e evelo ment o new-a e

militar wea on


tructure an nt e i e bot t e norma�ve an

in �tu�onal im lementa�on mec ani m rovi e b IHL


eco ni e t e orm o an e cribe t e unc�on rovi e b rotec�ve

emblem to a


29


I en� w o i en�tle to combatant tatu w o i

en�tle to ri oner o war tatu w o i not en�tle

to t o e tatu nall w o belon in t e cate or o

w at i ome�me calle an irre ular combatant


ri�call anal e t e re orm intro uce wit re ar to t e tatu o re ular

combatant


I en� t e rotecte civilian un er L an e cribe ow

t e ri t o civilian non-combatant are rotecte in

t e mo ern L

30




emblem to a


Demon trate w ri t rante to rotecte er on

b eneva onven�on I I are rante in all

circum tance w t e e ri t cannot be waive eviate rom or ot erwi e

imini e in an wa


rai e t e overall role o t e I in t e evelo ment an im lementa�on o IHL t rou it an ate an c�vi�e an re ent t e

w ole o ac�vi�e er orme b t e I w et er in eace�me or in �me o

arme con ict


31

Assessment of KnowledgeGraph 36: Module 1 Assessment

eci call in rela�on to t e ui lea e rate t e

e ec�vene in el in ou un er tan t e to ic ac ieve

t e learnin ob ec�ve

Graph 37: Module 1 Assessment

eci call in rela�on to Di cu ion orum lea e rate t e e ec�vene in el in ou un er tan t e

to ic ac ieve t e learnin ob ec�ve

Graph 38 Module 2 Assessment




32



eci call in rela�on to t e Di cu ion orum lea e rate t e e ec�vene in el in ou un er tan t e










33



emblem to a





imini e in an wa




arme con ict

34


Methodological ApproachGraph 45 Methodology

verall ow e ec�ve wa t e met o olo u e in t i

cour e iven t e learnin ob ec�ve

Graph 46 Methodological Approach

lea e rate t e ollowin tatement

- e met o olo u e in t e cour e acilitate t e

learnin roce

- e met o olo ui e t e learnin area w ere

nowle e nee e to be en ance

- e ub tan�ve element relate to ub ect ma er were clearl re ente

Graph 47 Methodological Support

ic learnin material i ou u e t e mo t


35


lea e rate t e met o olo ical tec nical u ort rovi e b NI

Online Discussion and FacilitationGraph 49 Facilitator

verall ow e ec�ve wa our cour e acilitator in

- re en�n in orma�om

- e on in to neeue �on o ar�ci ant

- romo�n ar�ci a�on o all learner an imula�n

t eir involvement

- rovi in ee bac rom t e a e ment ac�vi�e

Graph 50 Online Discussiom


- e orum el e me to urt er m un er tan in o t e cour e an

acilitate t e ac ievement o t e learnin ob ec�ve

- e to ic i cu e rai e relevant a ect on IHL

- e interac�on wit ellow ar�ci ant wa enric in an

u e ul

36


Course Management

Graph 51 Course Maagement

lea e rate t e e ree to w ic in orma�on

circulate rior to t e cour e e announcement er

web ite

- e ul

- ccurate

Graph 52 Course Management


- e u er ui e el e me n m wa aroun t e virtual

e n v i r o n m e n t

- e overall navi abilit o t e cour e i u er rien l

Participants’ Background

Graph 53 Participants’ Background

lea e �c t e ector in w ic ou wor


37

Miscellaneous




- a in into account t at I ave nowle e o t e ub ect

ma er

- e content o t i cour e i relevant or m ob

- It i li el t at I will u e in orma�on ac uiere in t i

cour e

Graph 55 Miscellaneous

verall ow u e ul woul ou rate t i cour e


oul ou recommen t i cour e to a collea ue

38



at i our re erre wa to ta e trainin


n avera e ow man our er wee i ou

e icate to t e cour e


2 . R e s u l t s





I I I . G r a d e s

11

1

6

6

7

81 1

1 3

1 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS


6




Implemented




Planned

7












16


Learning Objectives








con ict




17






t e L


a licabilit o t e L


a licabilit o t e L







18



urin arme con ict












rovi e b IHL


emblem to a













20








21












22






23


L O A C



arme con ict





24




t h e L O A C








25






t o N I A C s




26




i erent a ect






arme con ict


27




t h e L O A C




aim o arme con ict



o ru e

28




militar wea on






emblem to a


29








combatant




t e mo ern L

30




emblem to a





imini e in an wa




arme con ict


31












32













33



emblem to a





imini e in an wa




arme con ict

34








learnin roce







35








t eir involvement








u e ul

36


Course Management




web ite

- e ul

- ccurate










37

Miscellaneous





ma er



cour e





38










Cluster

Independent

Type of

Output

Outcome

Results level


2 . R e s u l t s





I I I . G r a d e s

11

1

6

6

7

81 1

1 3

1 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS


6




Implemented




Planned

7












16


Learning Objectives








con ict




17






t e L


a licabilit o t e L


a licabilit o t e L







18



urin arme con ict












rovi e b IHL


emblem to a













20








21












22






23


L O A C



arme con ict





24




t h e L O A C








25






t o N I A C s




26




i erent a ect






arme con ict


27




t h e L O A C




aim o arme con ict



o ru e

28




militar wea on






emblem to a


29








combatant




t e mo ern L

30




emblem to a





imini e in an wa




arme con ict


31












32













33



emblem to a





imini e in an wa




arme con ict

34








learnin roce







35








t eir involvement








u e ul

36


Course Management




web ite

- e ul

- ccurate










37

Miscellaneous





ma er



cour e





38








2 . R e s u l t s





I I I . G r a d e s

11

1

6

6

7

81 1

1 3

1 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS



16


Learning Objectives








con ict




17






t e L


a licabilit o t e L


a licabilit o t e L







18



urin arme con ict












rovi e b IHL


emblem to a













20








21












22






23


L O A C



arme con ict





24




t h e L O A C








25






t o N I A C s




26




i erent a ect






arme con ict


27




t h e L O A C




aim o arme con ict



o ru e

28




militar wea on






emblem to a


29








combatant




t e mo ern L

30




emblem to a





imini e in an wa




arme con ict


31












32













33



emblem to a





imini e in an wa




arme con ict

34








learnin roce







35








t eir involvement








u e ul

36


Course Management




web ite

- e ul

- ccurate










37

Miscellaneous





ma er



cour e





38







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