Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
03 - 05September2018
Amsterdam
/NETHERLANDS
2018.�csafl.org
International Congress of Climate Change:Sustainability on Health, Agriculture,Food and Livestock Policies
ICSAFL'2018Amsterdam/NETHERLANDS
ICSAFL2018
ABSTRACTBOOK
INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE: SUSTAINABILITY ON HEALTH,
AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND LIVESTOCK
POLICIES
(ICSAFL’2018)
ABSTRACT BOOK
EDITOR
Prof. Dr. Uğur USLU
Amsterdam-NETHERLANDS
03-05 September, 2018
2
COMMITTEES
GENERAL COORDINATOR OF CONFERENCE
General Coordinator of Conference
Prof. Dr. Uğur USLU, Selçuk University, TURKEY
Conference Co-Chairman
Assoc. Prof. Dr. S. Erkan EROĞLU
Dr. Muhammet Kamil ÖDEN
Organizing Committee
Prof. Dr. Fahrettin TĠLKĠ, Artvin Çoruh University, TURKEY
Prof. Dr. Mehmet TÜMAY, Adana Science And Technology University, TURKEY
Prof. Dr. Mehmet OKKA, Selçuk University, TURKEY
Prof. Dr. Cristiano POLETO, Federal University Of Technology – Parana (UTFPR), BRAZIL
Prof. Habil. Dr. Arünas Ramanavičius, Vilnius University, LITHUANIAN
Prof. Dr. Jose A. Lopez-Sanchez, The University Of Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
Prof. Dr. Xiaoxi WANG, Henan University Of Technology, CHINA
Prof. Dr. Wale ADENIRAN, Osun State University, NIGERIA
Conference Secretary
Assist. Prof. Dr. Deniz ULUKUġ, Selcuk University, Konya, TURKEY
Scientific Committee
Prof. Dr. Amir Khalaf Aziz AL, DARVWAH, University of Baghdad, IRAQ
Prof. Dr. Cristiano POLETO, Federal Universityof Technology - Parana (UTFPR), BRAZIL.
Prof. Dr. Enrico CILIBERTO, Catania University, ITALY.
Prof. Dr. Fernando SA Neves SANTOS, Guarda Politechnic Institute, Guarda PORTUGAL.
Prof. Dr. Ferruh YILDIZ, Selçuk University,TURKEY
Prof. Dr. George VARVOUNIS, Organic Chem. & Biochem. Sec., Department of Chemistry,
University of Ipannia, GREECE.
Prof. Dr. Harold M. Van ES, Cornell University, USA.
Prof. Dr. Jesus SIMAL-GANDARA, Analy. Chem. & Food Sci. Dep. Food Sci.& Tech. Fac.
University of Vigo, Ourense, SPAIN.
Prof. Dr. Jiri BAREK, Charles University, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC.
Prof. Dr. Juraj LADOMERSKY, Technical University in Zvolen, SLOVAKIA.
Prof. Dr. M. Kemal ÇĠFTÇĠ, Selçuk University, TURKEY.
Prof. Dr. M. Tariq JAVED, University of Agriculture, PAKISTAN.
Prof. Dr. Markuz ARBENZ, IFOAM, FRANCE.
Prof. Dr. Mehmet OKKA, Selçuk University, TURKEY
3
Prof. Dr. Mohammed RIHANI, University Chouaib Doukkali of El Jadida, MOROCCO.
Prof. Dr. Mohd Marsin SANAGI, University Teknologi Malaysia, MALAYSIA.
Prof. Dr. Muhammad ASHFAQ, University of Agriculture, PAKISTAN.
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Subhan QURESHI, Agricultural University, PAKISTAN.
Prof. Dr. Mustafa KÜÇÜKÖDÜK, Selçuk University, TURKEY.
Prof. Dr. Ong Say LEONG, The NationalUniversity of Singapore, SINGAPORE.
Prof.Dr. Piotr WARSZYNSKI, J. Haber Institute of Cataliysis and Surface Chemistry,
Krakow, POLAND.
Prof. Dr. Prosun BHATTACHARYA, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SWEDEN.
Prof. Dr. Said WAHAB, The University of Agriculture, PAKISTAN.
Prof. Dr. Sherin Ahmed SHERIF, Alexandria University, EGYPT.
Prof. Dr. Spase SHUMKA, Agriculture Univesity, ALBANIA.
Prof. Dr. Tahir BALEVĠ, Selçuk University, TURKEY.
Prof. Dr. Teodor RUSU, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj,
ROMANIA.
Prof. Dr. Victor A. DRYBAN, Head of Department of Rock Pressure National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine, UKRAINE.
Prof. Dr. Victor STAROV, Loughborough University, UK.
Prof. Dr. Victoria DUTSCHK, Twente University, NETHERLANDS.
Prof. Dr. Wan Aini Wan IBRAHIM, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MALAYSIA.
Prof. Dr. Zdravka LAZAROVA, AIT Austrian Institute of Tecnology Gmbh, AUSTRIA.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adem Alpaslan ALTUN, Selçuk University, TURKEY.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fetullah ARIK, Selçuk University, TURKEY.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan ERTĠN, Ġstanbul University, TURKEY.
Dr. Bonga ZUMA, Rhodes University, (ENGLAND), SOUTH AFRICA.
Dr. Darlina Md. NAĠM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA.
Dr. David M. SAXOWSKY, North Dakota State University, USA.
Dr. Ġbrahim UYANIK, Selçuk University, TURKEY.
Dr. Kokom KOMARIAH, Sebelas MaretUniversity, INDONESIA.
Dr. Rabha BENNAMA, University of Mostaganem, ALGERIA.
Dr. Muhammed Kamil ÖDEN, Selçuk University, TURKEY
Dr. Reza Shahriyar KAMRAI, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
IRAN.
Dr. Rudi Hari MURTI, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA.
Dr. Seema DHAIL, JayotiVidyapeeth Womens University, INDIA.
Dr. Shazia SHAFIQUE, Institute of Agricultural Sciences University of the Punjab,
PAKISTAN.
Dr. Sutrisno Hadi PURNOMO, Sebelas Maret University, INDONESIA.
4
CONFERENCE INFORMATION
Conference Date
The ICSAFL‟2018 – Amsterdam conference is held between September 03-05, 2018.
Conference Venue
Yunus Emre Enstitüsü Amsterdam/NETHERLANDS
Language
The official language of the conference is English.
Conference Website
Further information and updates about the conference can be found at
http:// http://www.2018.icsafl.org
About Presentations:
Oral Presentations
A slide projector and a computer will be available in the presentation rooms. Each presenter
will have 15 minutes for his/her presentation and 5 minutes for discussions.
Poster Presentations
Poster should be prepared according to the poster template (80 cm width and 120 cm height).
The poster presenters are kindly requested to stand in front of their own posters during the
poster sessions to answer arising questions. The posters should be hanged/withdrawn by the
presenters.
Contact:
The content and language used in the abstracts are under the responsibility of respective
authors. If not necessary, no changes have been made on the abstracts due to ethical
considerations.
5
ABSTRACTS
6
ICSAFL /1
FATIGUE TESTER DESIGN TO DETERMINE THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF
HELICAL COMPRESSION SPRINGS
Gökhan YALÇIN
Konya Technical University
Department of Machine and steel Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Süleyman NEġELĠ
Selcuk University
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty
Hakan TERZĠOĞLU
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Abstract
Essentially all machine elements act as spring if they are forced to the limits of elastic deformation. If
any element is used by taking advantage of this feature, these elements are called spring. Depending
on the amount of energy they absorb under static or dynamic loads, the springs will tire over time and
deform or even break. The determination of the fatigue strength of the compression springs in the
work environments, especially where high frequency vibration is the case, requires specially designed
devices for these situations. In this study, a test device designed to measure the fatigue test of helical
compression springs composed of three parts was made. Lifetime analysis of helical compression
springs with 1-5 wraps and 30 mm of free length is carried out in the device. The motion from the
horizontally positioned motors into the chassis is transferred to the springs via the eccentric drive
assembly. In terms of increasing occupational safety and healt, a closed test chamber was designed and
according to the counterparts safety was taken to the foreground. Furthermore, test chamber springs
allow fatigue strength to be measured in the same isolated environmental conditions. Especially in
high frequency vibrations, due to the rigid eccentric transmission orifices of the detection of the spring
behavior, the measurement rigidity of the spring torsion in the variable parameters such as length,
number of turns and diameter, wire cross section is increased seriously.
Keywords: Fatigue test device, Helical compression springs, Device design
7
ICSAFL /03
TENSILE TESTING MACHINE CONTROL FOR SCADA DESIGN
Hakan TERZĠOĞLU
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Süleyman NEġELĠ
Selcuk University
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty
Gökhan YALÇIN
Konya Technical University
Department of Machine and steel Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Hacı SAĞLAM
Selcuk University
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty
Abstract
The materials used in production are deformed under force because they are not rigid and show shape
and size changes. Therefore, some mechanical tests are required to understand the material properties.
One of the most important of these experiments is the tensile test in order to determine the mechanical
properties of the materials and to classify them according to their mechanical behavior. The tensile test
is to determine the elastic and plastic behavior of the materials under static load. When the tensile test
is carried out, the test piece of circular or rectangular section whose dimensions are in accordance with
the standards; axial and variable forces are applied.
In this study, a SCADA system was designed for the tensile tester at 30 kN capacity with variable
speed and force. In this work carried out, the control of the hydraulically operated traction device was
carried out with PLC and operator panel (HMI) of Delta. It is possible to select the pulling operation
with the force of constant, sinusoidal or triangular wave of the towing device via HMI. In addition, the
duration of the pulling process can be parameterized via the HMI. During the pull test, force, time
parameters are displayed on the panel and recorded at the same time. Thus, information about the
material being tested is available both digitally and in writing. The fact that the pulling experiment can
be performed in different shapes and the parameters of these experiments can be determined by the
user will provide a more detailed information about how the materials will react under what
conditions.
Keywords: Tensile testing machine, SCADA, PLC Control
8
ICSAFL /79
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR BY
USING REGRATION ANALYSIS
Hakan TERZĠOĞLU
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Abdullah Cem AĞAÇAYAK
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Süleyman NEġELĠ
Selcuk University
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty
Gökhan YALÇIN
Konya Technical University
Department of Machine and steel Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Abstract
As countries develop, energy needs and demands are constantly increasing. Increasing energy
consumption by the development of technology and the industry as a result of the development in the
countries also increases the damage to the environment during the energy production. As a result,
environmental and energy problems have increased in recent years, and work on energy production
and environmental impacts in the world has increased in recent years. In these studies, renewable
energy sources come to the forefront from alternative energy sources that do not pollute the
environment. Among the renewable energy sources, the use of geothermal energy resources, which is
a clean energy source since the formation of the world, has an important place. In this study;
thermoelectric generator (TEG) design, which transforms geothermal energy directly from renewable
energy sources into electricity, has been designed. For this purpose, the thermoelectric modules TEC1-
12706 and TEC1-12710, which can be easily found on the market, have been simulated with the
mathematical model by the regression analysis and the simulation results for different temperature,
pressure and water flow have been confirmed with experiments. The current, voltage, power, hot and
cold surface temperatures of the modules and temperature difference values between these surfaces are
9
continuously monitored and recorded. Experimental results were compared with the regression
analysis method. The average of 9 experiments for TEC1-12706 module was 16.52%, and the average
of 9 experiments for TEC1-12710 module was 9.70% for error percentages. Output voltage Vmax =
2,03V for TEC1-12706 module, output power Pmax = 2,17W and output 10,3% for 90 ° C
temperature difference, output voltage Vmax = 2.11V for TEC1-12710 module, output power Pmax =
3 , 42 W and a yield of 3.3%.
Keywords: Geothermal Energy; Thermoelectric Generator (TEG), Modelling
10
ICSAFL /18
ESTIMATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS by MONTORING TOOL WEAR IN
FACE MILLING USING NEURAL NETWORK
Hacı SAĞLAM
Selçuk University
Dep. of Mechanical Engineering
Abstract
Actually, face milling is most widely used to generate flat surfaces in manufacturing industry. The
quality of machined surface is evaluated in terms of surface roughness parameters as Ra and Rt and
surface geometry as flatness. The estimation of surface roughness has closely dependent on flank wear
〖- V〗_(B )as tool wear-and also the monitoring of tool wear is very important for optimisation of
cutting parameters and performing the automated manufacturing as reliable as possible. The machined
surface reflects the rate of tool wear and the plot of surface provides reliable information about tool
condition. At the beginning of cutting the tool insert is sharp that surface roughness is higher, and then
decrease with increased tool wear after that increase with exceeded tool wear. Therefore the tool life is
limited by required surface quality. In this paper the quality of surface parameters defined depend on
tool wear is estimated by artificial neural network (ANN). Multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural
networks trained by backpropagation are used for estimating surface roughness with four input
parameters as three component of cutting forces and tool wear (V_B) into account. Also the effects of
input parameters on surface roughness are also evaluated. Since metal machining is shown a nonlinear
character, ANN with parallel computation ability and having high success solving nonlinear equation
systems the estimated results are very close to the experimental results.
Keywords: Surface Roughness, Tool Wear, Face milling, Tool Condition Monitoring, Artificial
Neural Network.
11
ICSAFL /14
CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA BIODIVERSITY DURING
RIPENING PERIOD OF TRADITIONAL TULUM CHEESES RIPENED IN GOAT
SKIN PRODUCED IN CENTRAL TOROSES REGION
Nihat AKIN
Selcuk University
Food Engineering Department
Talha DEMĠRCĠ
Selcuk University
Food Engineering Department
Abstract
Tulum cheese is the most consumed cheese after White pickled and Kashar cheese in Turkey.
Although Tulum cheese is produced commercially, it is mostly produced at small scales by using
traditional methods. Tulum cheeses produced in traditional ways are more preferred by the consumer
due to superior taste and aroma. In this study, Tulum cheese samples produced in animal skin using
raw milk by traditional methods (without starter culture) will be obtained from Konya (Ereğli)-
Karaman-Mersin (Mut and Anamur) regions. Cheese samples will be ripened under the similar
ripening conditions to that of traditional producers and cheese samples will be taken in 7th, 15th, 30th,
60th, 90th and 180th days of ripening. The samples will be analyzed in terms of chemical properties
(protein, fat, ash, dry matter content, pH, titratable acidity and water activity). Furthermore, the
isolation of bacteria from the cheese samples will be carried out using various media and incubation
conditions. Isolated bacteria from cheese samples were identified by biochemical methods and 16S
rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, DNA and RNA isolation directly still performing from samples
(uncultural methods) and V3 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene was analysed by Denaturing
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Microflora change depending on ripening period examined.
The data of DGGE and chemical analysis of cheese samples were compared during ripening.
Surprisingly, microbial dynamic with dependent methods showed that E.faecalis strains especially
strain 2014 VREF-41 the most dominant bacteria in tulum cheese throughout the ripening. Following
them, E.hirae strains (SNNU0261, SU354 etc.), L. plantarum strains (AAHED-10, D27, L21 etc.), L.
lactis strains (strain CAU1157, SNNU0274 etc.), E.durans (strain CAU1724, CAU:4815) and
Streptococcus gallolyticus (strain G8 etc.). And also culture independent methods indicated that
Enteroccus faecium strains the most detected strains in traditional skin tulum cheeses samples during
ripening.
Keyword: Microbial dynamic, pcr, dgge, lactic acid bacteria
12
ICSAFL /13
DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF
SOME TROPICAL SPICES AND THEIR ESSENTIAL OILS
Mehtap AKIN
Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Konya/Turkey
e-mail: [email protected]
Nilüfer SEZER
Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Konya/Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate antibacterial activities of the ground spices of cardamom,
black pepper, cubeb, nutmeg, cinnamon, allspice, ginger, turmeric and their essential oils against
Escherichia coli ATCC 29988, Salmonella cholerasuis ATCC 14028, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC
13076, Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341 and Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449.
Ground spices inhibited S. mutans and secondly S. lutea but the other bacteria have not affected by
these spices except for cinnamom. The most sensitive bacterium was S. lutea and most resistant was S.
mutans. Cinnamon essential oil has exhibited the more antibacterial action than the those of antibiotic
compared.
Ground cinnamon was the most active spice while allspice was spice with weakest effect. Cinnamon
and allspice essential oils effective but cubeb and cardamom oils have not showed an important
activity. Different effects of given spice and its essential oil indicated the other active components.
Keywords: Eigenvalues, Eigenfunction, Asymptotic Formulas
13
ICSAFL /50
DETERMINATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW
CHARACTERISTICS IN A PARALLEL PLATES CHANNEL WITH V SHAPE
CORRUGATION
Mustafa Noaman Shareef SHAREEF
Konya Technical University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Ġlker GÖKTEPELI
Konya Technical University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
UlaĢ ATMACA
Konya Technical University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Abstract
The heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics are determined in a V shape corrugated parallel plate in
turbulent flow. The channel assumed to be at constant wall temperature of 400K while water enters to
system with 300K temperature. The results are given for three different Reynolds number values
height of corrugation kept constant at 15mm. In turbulent flow solutions various turbulent flow models
are used and a comparison is also presented in solutions. The results of parallel plate without
corrugation are also found for comparison. The effects of different geometrical parameters of the
corrugated structure on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics are discussed. The corrugated
surfaces has a significant effect on the enhancement of the heat transfer and pressure drop. The heat
transfer coefficients obtained from the results with the corrugated surface are higher than those of the
plain surface since the presence of the recirculation zones. The heat transfer coefficient, the pressure
drop values increases as the angle of V corrugation decreases. As the Reynolds number values
increases the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop values increases due to secondary flow.
Keywords: Blockage, CFD, Heat transfer, Nusselt number, Parallel plate, Reynolds number,
Turbulent flow, V shape corrugation
14
ICSAFL /51
EFFECTS OF APPLICATIONS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS
SPORES AND K-HUMATE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONION PLANT
Emel ATMACA
Selcuk University Agriculture Faculty, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department
Ummahan ÇETĠN KARACA
Selcuk University Agriculture Faculty, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department
Abstract
It is crucial to investigate the mechanisms, that are in nature and harmless to the nature, for ensuring
the continuity of the cultivated soil in sustainable form. The present study aims to determine the
effects of K-Humate, lack of harmful compound, and arbuscular mychorrizal fungus (AMF) spore, a
microbial fertilizer and can be found in nature, on certain growth parameters of onion plant, which has
an important cultivation area. The application of K-Humate and AMF spores addition single and
binary was conducted on a total of 24 pots in laboratory conditions and in a randomized plot design
with six replications. The plant growth chambers are used in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of
Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department.
Shoot ratio, shoot length, leaf number and leaf chlorophyll content were obtained from the plants
before harvesting. After cultivation of 40 days, the biomass, shoot wet-dry weights, root length, root
wet-dry weight and ratio of mycorrhizal infections in plant roots are determined from harvested plants.
Microbial respiration and mycorrhizal spore number are also determined in the trial soils of harvested
plants. Generally the inspected parametric values are found to be highest according to the correlation
of dual combination application. However, the values obtained were found to be statistically
significant in some applications, whereas they were not found to be significant in some others
(P<0.01).
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) spore, onion, K-Humate, sustainability.
15
ICSAFL /2
STATISTICAL DETERMINATION OF FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF HELICAL
COMPRESSION SPRINGS
Süleyman NEġELĠ
Selcuk University
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty
Gökhan YALÇIN
Konya Technical University
Department of Machine and steel Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Hakan TERZĠOĞLU
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Abstract
Helical compression springs are machine elements which are used by storing and releasing the energy
of movement in order to control the vibrations on the parts of the machine in general. Springs undergo
static or dynamic loads, depending on the amount of energy absorbed over time, and tend to
degenerate or even break. The determination of fatigue, one of the most important damage criteria for
springs, depends on determining the effects of process parameters. Although there are many studies on
understanding the fatigue behavior of materials today, very few studies are about springs. In this study,
the operating life of helical compression springs was estimated by using a strain-number of cycles (S-
N) graph. Two parameters (material and wire diameter) affecting the spring fatigue behavior were
determined by adhering to the preliminary tests and the physical tests were carried out accordingly.
Crack growth on each sample was monitored by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and compared
to standard limit values in the event of a cycle of 107 cycles. The relation of the crack progression to
the determined parameters has been determined as the statistic that can be accepted in this view.
Accordingly, in particular after 108 cycles, the spring life for all selected spring materials was reached
and the critical fatigue life was determined. Furthermore, this work can also be used as a reference for
fatigue life determination for different types of springs.
Keywords: Fatigue life, Helical compression springs, S-N graph
16
ICSAFL /15
SMALL POWER WIND TURBINE DESIGN
Abdullah Cem AĞAÇAYAK
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Hakan TERZĠOĞLU
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Gökhan YALÇIN
Konya Technical University
Department of Machine and steel Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Süleyman NEġELĠ
Selcuk University
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty
Abstract
In the age when energy has become extremely important, especially developed countries are making
energy policies in the year 2010 to supply 10% of their energy consumption over wind or renewable
energy sources. Wind energy, which is the fastest growing renewable energy source in the world and
in our country, is seen as a good alternative, especially to meet the increasing energy needs. Today,
wind turbines, which are at the level of the megawattes that we have to buy from the developed
countries and whose power capacity is increasing day by day, are of course emerging as a result of
ongoing researches, studies and investments. This paper discloses the development of small powerful
vertical axis wind turbine design and manufacturing. At the outset of the study, it was aimed to
construct larger turbine systems, so the design of the prototype system was designed to be similar to
the larger systems within the possibilities.
Keywords: Wind energy, autonomous wind turbine, power factor, synchronous machine
17
ICSAFL /80
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF THERMOELECTRIC COOLER USED AS
GENERATOR
Abdullah Cem AĞAÇAYAK
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Hakan TERZĠOĞLU
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Gökhan YALÇIN
Konya Technical University
Department of Machine and steel Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Süleyman NEġELĠ
Selcuk University
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty
Abstract
As the population, development and technology of the countries in the world increase, the need for
electricity is increasing rapidly. As a result, the need for alternative energy systems has increased
considerably in addition to the power generation systems currently in widespread use. The increase in
energy production systems with the need for energy also increases the damage to these systems.
Moreover, in energy production systems that we use today, a large part of the energy is thrown into the
environment as heat energy. This situation does not enable the production, cheapness and clean energy
production. Nowadays, in order to meet the energy need, it is very important to increase the efficiency
of the existing energy systems by utilizing the waste heat that is generated during the energy
conversion as well as the interest in the new alternative energy systems. In this study; a thermoelectric
generator (TEG) which converts directly to electric energy by making use of these waste heat. For this
purpose thermoelectric cooler modules are used which can be easily found on the market. In
experimental studies, the thermal fluid used in the TEG is operated at different temperatures, pressures
and speeds. In the experiments, thermoelectric cooler (TEC) was used as TEG and the yield analysis
using TEC as TEG was performed by using the obtained results.
Keywords: Diamond-like carbon films, Schottky diode, electrical characterization
18
ICSAFL /81
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DIVERSITY FACTOR OF ELECTRICAL INTERIOR
WIRING PROJECTS FOR THE ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Mehmet Fahri YAPICIOĞLU
Enerjisa BaĢkent Electricity Distribution Inc.
Hasan Hüseyin SAYAN
Gazi University
Department of Electrical - Electronic Engineering, Technology Faculty
Hakan TERZĠOĞLU
Konya Technical University
Department of Electric Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Abstract
Electrical Internal Installation Projects; measurement, transmission and protection elements are
selected with reference to the diversity factor specified in the Electrical Internal Facilities Regulation
prepared several years ago. When these coefficients are incompatible with the present technology, the
calculated current values are much higher than the actual values. Since the high calculated current
values directly affect the measurement, transmission and protection elements for the installations, the
electrical currents, cross sections, values etc. in parallel with the calculated high current value.
Therefore their costs are increasing accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the coincidence
coefficient considering the characteristics of existing structures.
Keywords: Diversity factor, Electrical Interior Wiring Projects, Electricity Distribution Systems
19
ICSAFL 17
Engin KOCAMAN
Konya Technical University
Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Department of Architecture and Urban Planning – Map and Cadastre Program
Mehmet TEKELĠ
Konya Technical University
Vocational School of Technical Sciences - Department of Machinery and Metal Technology -
Machine Machine Program
DETECTION AND APPLCATION OF WIND POWER PLANTS
Abstract
Especially today the world population is increasing at a great speed. As a result, available energy fuels
are rapidly declining. This situation leads people to seek new energy sources. When these studies are
carried out, the effects of the new sources of energy on the environment are also examined. When it
comes to renewable energy, Wind Energy Systems are the first to come to mind. According to the
Wind Energy Potential Atlas (REPA) prepared according to the data of the Electrical Power Resources
Survey and Development Administration (EIEI), especially the Mediterranean, Aegean and Marmara
coasts of our country and some parts of Central Anatolia are among high potential regions. One of the
most important factors in the success of wind power plants in terms of technical and economic success
is the appropriate location. In this study, the determination of the places where the Wind Power Plants
(RES) will be established, the determination of the route and the application of turbine sites are
examined.
Keywords: Wind power, wind power plants, application of turbine sites.
20
ICSAFL /24
NOISE PROBLEM IN WIND TURBINES AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Mehmet TEKELĠ
Konya Technical University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences,
Department of Machinery and Metal Technology, Konya, Turkey
Mehmet BAHADIR
Selcuk University, Cumra Vocational School, Konya, Turkey
Abstract
Today, the developments in technology are progressing very fast. The speed of use of technological
tools and machines in human life is constantly increasing. Accordingly, the need for energy is also
increasing rapidly. Energy is the most important factor in the execution of basic activities such as
industry, technology, education, communication and transportation. Today, energy can be obtained
from many different sources. The energy crises that lived in the 1970s have enabled the use of
alternative energy sources. Fossil fuels are expensive, pollute the environment, and resources are
declining rapidly. Renewable energy sources have gained great importance nowadays because they are
clean, continuous and cheap. The use of wind energy among renewable energy sources is also
increasing rapidly.
National and international legal regulations have become mandatory in order to ensure the livability
and continuity of the world. Environmental effects in the production and consumption of energy seem
to be a factor to be considered in selecting energy sources. One of the environmental effects of wind
turbines is the problem of noise. In wind turbines, mechanical and aerodynamic noise caused by
gearbox, generator, shaft bearings and wings is a problem that must be solved. The higher the turbine
power and turbine number, the higher the sound produced. A wind turbine produces about 43 decibels
of sound at 300 meters from itself. For this reason, it is necessary that the wind turbines are located at
least 300 meters away from the settlements. In this study, a solution to reduce noise problems was
examined.
Keywords: Wind Turbine, Renewable Energy, Noise.
21
ICSAFL /25
IMPROVING MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
DUBLEX AND SUPER DUBLEX STAINLESS STEELS WITH AGING METHOD
Mehmet ÖZTÜRK
Konya Technical University - Vocational School of Technical Sciences
Department of Machinery and Metal Technology - Machine Program
Abstract
Depending on the developments in technology, the use of materials in production is increasing rapidly.
Due to the high temperature and corrosion resistance, it is possible to reduce the consumption of
material which is increasing day by day. Thus, the environment and the economy can make a
significant contribution. Microstructure and mechanical properties of double-phase stainless steels can
be improved according to different aging conditions.
In this study, SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel and SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steels were
subjected to solution treatment at high temperatures, rapidly cooled in water and then aged at different
temperatures to form precipitate. Samples of SAF 2205 duplex and SAF 2507 super duplex steels were
taken from the tubular part. Spectrometric analyzes and metallographic examinations of the annealed
samples were performed at different annealing temperatures. Then, micro-structures were examined by
electron microscopy. Hardness values were measured with a Brinell hardness tester. The hardness
values increased to 230 HB from 200 HB in SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel due to the precipitation of
secondary phases in the structure at the end of the aging process. . In the SAF 2507 super duplex
stainless steel, the hardness value was found to rise from 213 HB to 282 HB hardness values.
Keywords: Duplex stainless steel, mechanical property, SAF 2205, SAF 2507, aging.
22
ICSAFL /08
THE CONTRIBUTION OF IMAGE PROCESSING METHODS TO
SUSTAINABILITY IN HEALTHCARE AREAS
Levent CĠVCĠK
Selcuk University
Higher School of Vocational and Technical Sciences
Abstract
Today, health is one of the most important areas for our country as it is in the world. Countries spend a
lot of effort and money on this area. This field is the indispensable goal of all nations to increase
productivity, reduce costs and achieve accurate results. Images such as MR, mammogram, CT,
ultrasona taken from patients are very important when diagnosing diseases in health services.
However, these images are not always in the desired standard. This causes errors when diagnosing
diseases. This leads to time and material loss.
The concept of processing the images that doctors receive from the patients with image processing
methods gains importance. Images are processed using methods such as pre-processing, sharpening,
blurring and classification. At this point, doctors are evaluating images much faster and more
accurately. In this work, the contribution of Image Processing Methods to the sustainability of health
care has been examined.
Keywords: Image processing, Health, Sustainability
23
ICSAFL /23
A NEW BACKHOE LOADER TOOTH MODEL DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND
MANUFACTURING
Mehmet BAHADIR
Selcuk University
Cumra Vocational School, KONYA
Mehmet TEKELĠ
Konya Technical University
Vocational School of Technical Sciences Department of Machine, KONYA
Abstract
Work machines (backhoe loader, excavator, loader, ripper etc.) are specials machines that they are
widely used in fields such as agriculture, mining, and construction. The rise in the development of our
country has increased the number and use of work machines in these sectors. The most commonly
used work machines are backhoes both because of they may small in size and capable of doing many
jobs. Among the operating costs of such machines, the most important cost data is emerging as the
cost of fuel, operator and attachment costs.
The most common costs in terms of attachment costs are the teeth used in the backhoe loaders. Teeth
are the elements placed on the sharp edge of the bucket to prevent the bucket from rapid deformation
and to ensure the longevity of the bucket due to the abrasive effects of the soils and rocks. For this
reason, the durability and productivity of the teeth have great significance. When the geometries of the
teeth and their abrasion capabilities are not in the desired dimensions, the forces affecting the teeth
force the backhoe loaders so that the machines do not work efficiently and increase the fuel expenses
of the machine. This study was made on bucket teeth used in a 10-ton backhoe loader. It was
manufactured after a new tooth model was designed in a computer and controlled by finite element
method. The tooth productivity has been tested on the field as a result of the 300 hours.
Keywords: Backhoe Loader, Bucket, Teeth, Finite Element Method
24
ICSAFL /026
THE RUTTING PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE AND
ASPHALT BINDER COURSE OF HIGHWAY
Mehmet Ali LORASOKKAY
Selcuk University
Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Konya, Turkey
Construction Technology
Abstract
Highways are transport heavy and moveable loadings more than another engineering structures.
Rutting settlements are occure in hot mix asphalt pavement layers and resistance against deformations
is in decrease with the effect of hight temperatures and long loading periods by indicating a viscous
behaviour. Height quality and durable road pavements constructing was become compulsory in order
to supply with recently rapid increasing in traffic volume and increase the life service of the
pavements. In-situ rutting performance of asphalt surface course and asphalt binder course that
frequently used in highways as types of hot bituminous mixture pavement is determined with
Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test in laboratory.
Keywords: Hot mix asphalt, Permanent deformation, Hamburg wheel tracking test.
25
ICSAFL / 43
INVESTIGATION OF SALMONELLA SPP IN RAW CHICKEN MEATS
Zeki ARAS
Aksaray University
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology
Gökçenur SANĠOĞLU GÖLEN
Aksaray University
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are important food-borne bacterial pathogens in Turkey and the World. Poultry and
poultry products are at the first place for Salmonella contaminations. The aim of this study was
investigation of Salmonella spp. in raw chicken meats that sold in butchers and supermarkets in
Aksaray. The fifty raw chicken meat samples (20 whole chickens, 15 chicken legs, and 15 chicken
wings) were collected from butchers and supermarkets in Aksaray to investigate the existence of
Salmonella spp. The presence of Salmonella spp. in samples was investigated by classical culture
method and ELISA assay. A total of 9 (18%) Salmonella spp. were isolated from 50 raw chicken meat
samples. Evaluated 50 samples with ELISA test, 8 (16%) of them were found to be positive. In
conclusion, the findings of this study showed that raw chicken meats obtained from Salmonella spp.
positive herds are highly contain Salmonella bacteria and threat public health.
Keywords: Salmonella spp., raw chicken meat, ELISA.
26
ICSAFL /28
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FREE-RANGE RAISING SYSTEM ON
THE HISTOLOGY OF ILEUM IN BROILER CHICKENS FED WITH DIFFERENT
PLANTS
Emrah SUR
Dep. of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Selçuk University, 42031, Campus,
Konya, Turkey
Tahir BALEVĠ
Dep. of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, 42031, Campus,
Konya, Turkey
Banu KANDĠL
Dep. of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Siirt University, 42031, Siirt,
Turkey
Özcan ÇĠTĠL
Dep. of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, 42031, Campus,
Konya, Turkey
Oğuzhan KAHRAMAN
Dep. of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, 42031, Campus,
Konya, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effect of free-range raising system on the histology of
ileum in broiler chickens fed with different plants. Each group consisted of 4 main groups and also 4
subgroups. Group 1 control group and groups 2 (Clover), 3 (Bromus inermis) and 4 (Clover and
Bromus inermis) were designed astrial groups. The first group was fed as a control group only in
closed mobile poultry. The second group was fed with concentrated feeds, clover and thyme. Besides,
the third group wasfed with concentrated, blanched bromine and thyme. The fourth group was fed
with concentrated feed, clover, unbranched bromine and thyme. The first 4 subgroups (as control
27
group) were grown only in closed mobile poultry. The mobile poultry (5‐6; 7‐8; 9‐10 and 11‐12) was
placed horizontally in the cultivated areas located in the second and third groups. In thelast group, the
mobile poultry (13‐14 and 15‐16) were placed vertically for consuming both alfalfa and hemp‐free
bromine and thyme by broilers. Each mobile poultry was divided in to two sections (totaling 16 sub‐
groups). In the experiment, totally 480 chicks and so 30 broiler chicks were used in each subgroup.
Broiler chickens were placed in subgroups approximately two square meters for 15 animals to per m2.
It allowed to growth of coarse feeds in trial sites. Mobile clusters which were used for groups 2, 3 and
4 were replaced once a month. In the control group, only the broilers fed in the poultry were cut at the
end of the 6th week (42thday). At the end of the trial villus height were found to be 564.33, 636.30,
705.82 and 583.08 µm; Thickness of tunica muscularis 274.47, 349.68, 360.81 and 281.53 µm.
Keywords: Free range system, Bromus inermis, chicken, clover, histology, ileum.
This work is a part of the project supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey (TUBĠTAK) (Project No: 114O753).
28
ICSAFL / 27
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FREE-RANGE RAISING SYSTEM ON
THE HISTOLOGY OF ILEUM IN BROILER CHICKENS FED WITH RESTRICTED
FEED
Emrah SUR
Dep. of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Selçuk University, 42031, Campus, Konya,
Turkey
Tahir BALEVĠ
Dep. of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, 42031, Campus, Konya,
Turkey
Ġlknur Tekdemir ÜNDAĞ
Dep. of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Selçuk University, 42031, Campus, Konya,
Turkey
itumdağ@selcuk.edu.tr
Derya ARIK
Dep. of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, 42031, Campus, Konya,
Turkey
Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East
University, Nicosia, Cyprus
Abdullah ÖZBĠLGĠN
Dep. of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, 42031, Campus, Konya,
Turkey
ABSTRACT
The study was carried out in order to reveal the effects of carcass production on the free
carbohydrate breeding of the free system broiler chickens. Approximately 4 decares of clover,
Bromus inermis or clover + Bromus inermiş found in the Research and Application Farm of
the Veterinary Faculty of the University of Selcuk, It was made in the field surrounded by
mobile wires. All the chickens in any subgroups will also be fed Origanum vulgare L.. In the
experiment, 480 slow-growing male Hubbard Isa Red-J broiler chicks were divided into 4
29
main groups and 4 subgroups in each main group. At the end of the 28th day, the broods
outside the control group were opened at 7:00 am and released to the mountains. The
broodsters who graze in grassland were taken back into the mobile poultry at 19:00 hours
before the evening weather. In the experiment, feed was kept in front of the control group
(group 1). In the second group, 75% of the first group consumed the food, 50% in the third
group and 25% in the fourth group. Groups 2, 3 and 4 also fed alfalfa, unbranched bromine
and thyme grass. The concentrate feed consumption of the first group was determined on a
daily basis and this value was based on the amount of daily feed to be given to the other
groups the next day. The control group was sent on the 42nd day. At the end of the
experiment, theaverage villus height, villus width and the crypt depth were increased in
restriction percentage dependent manner (P<0,001). In 75% restriction group, all data were
higher than the other groups (P<0,001). The thickness of tunica muscularis was higher in 25%
and 75% groups (P<0,001).
As a result, Although the concentrate feed restrictions effected the histology of ileum in
restriction percentage dependent manner, the mostremarkable results for all evaluated
parameters were obtained from animals 75% restricted group compared to the other groups.
Key words: Broiler, Free range, restricted feed, histology, ileum.
This work is a part of the project supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey (TUBĠTAK) (Project No: 114O753).
30
ICSAFL / 56
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN POULTRY NUTRITION
Duygu BUDAK
Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional
Diseases, Aksaray/TURKEY
Abstract
Nanotechnology is used in materials at atomic and molecular levels. The word “nano” means 10-9, or
one billionth of anything. Since such small particles can permeate better and faster, they can provide
more bioavailability for the target site. It will play a major role in research areas of animal nutrition in
the future. There are various applications of nanotechnology in animal nutrition, such as
administration of medication, nutrients and feed supplements, determination of feed quality,
improvement of digestion and absorption, detection of pathogens. In addition, the purpose in poultry
nutrition is to increase the feed efficiency, tackling the diseases, safety growth promoter, modifying
the contents of the eggs like full protein egg and cholesterol free egg, reducing the energy and protein
wastage in unproductive physiological purposes; thereby, increasing the feed efficiency and reducing
the price of the poultry meat. For these purposes, nanoparticles can be use as feed supplements
between potential alternatives in poultry nutrition. The particle size of minerals as feed additives in
nanoparticle form smaller than 100 nanometre can pass through the stomach wall and into body cells
more quickly than ordinary minerals with larger particle size. These can be synthesized by physical,
chemical, and biological methods. The chemical method is the easiest and most economical way as
only few chemicals can produce the nano mineral of uniform size in the laboratory. Nanoparticles
have an effective role as antimicrobial, acting selectively over potential pathogens. The ability of
nanoparticles to adhere to pathogen cell surfaces will enable them to compete with host cell receptors
to reduce or eliminate the extent of bacterial colonization on the poultry intestinal wall. These can
improve immunity, oxidation resistance and production. Furthermore, they can decrease antibiotic use
and manure odour which is conducive to bring environment improvement. In general, as a result of
evaluation of the performed researches, it was concluded that using nanomaterials in poultry feed can
significantly improve weight gain, feed efficiency, total antioxidant capability; and increase serum
total protein and albumin; and decrease urea nitrogen by impact numerous biological processes such as
digestion, metabolism and nutrient uptake; and reduce the time of production of meat and eggs; and
replace antibiotics as growth promoters; and eliminate the residue of the antibiotics in the animal
products; and reduce the environmental contamination.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, poultry nutrition, feed additives
31
ICSAFL / 55
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN RUMINANT NUTRITION
Duygu BUDAK
Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional
Diseases, Aksaray/TURKEY
Abstract
Ruminants are capable of digesting structural carbohydrate ingredients (cellulose, hemicellulose) by
means of microorganisms (bacteria, protozoa and fungi) located in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus
these structural carbohydrates are converted into nutritional forms like meat or milk that human can
utilize. Taking rumen conditions under control has great importance for productivity and ruminants‟
health. In rumen, a relatively high amount of energy and protein is lost in the form of methane and
ammonia nitrogen as a consequence of microbial fermentation. The lost energy and protein constitute
a problem both economically and ecologically. In order to make modifications in the activities of
rumen microorganisms, we should reduce this loss, and optimize the nutritive value of food and
improve the efficiency of fermentation and the use of substrate. Rumen can be manipulated, and
rumen manipulation strategies can be implemented indirectly with ration manipulation. For these
purposes, it is observed that nanotechnology has major effects as a new alternative. Nanotechnology is
an innovative technology which has enhanced quality, efficiency and texture of foodstuff at the
molecular level. Nanoparticles having the dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometres
can bypass the physiological ways of nutrient distribution and transport across tissues and cell
membranes, and have more bioavailability to the target sites. Nanoparticles, which can be used as food
additives to ensure rumen manipulation due to the advantage of size effect and high surface reactivity,
improve bioavailability of nutrients and production performance in ruminants. Furthermore, nano
compounds have antimicrobial property and antibody, whose specificity and selectivity could be
modified to capture a variety of pathogens. According to the limited number of studies, as a new
approach utilizing nanotechnology, solid or multiple nanoparticles or nanostructured carriers can be
used to bypass the microbial fermentation in the rumen, protect from food nitrogen from rumen
fermentation, and increase the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. In general, as a result of
evaluation of the performed researches, it was concluded that nano supplementation in basal diet
improved rumen fermentation and food utilization by stimulating rumen microbial activity, digestive
microorganisms or enzyme activity, and that it could improve growth performance, and that it could
display metabolic function in preventing oxidative damage to body tissues. Moreover, the quality of
animal products could be safe for human consumption, and faecal excretion could be reduced, thus,
this will reduce environmental pollution and manure odour with the application of nanotechnology in
ruminant nutrition.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, ruminant nutrition, rumen, feeding.
32
ICSAFL / 052
HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL COMPARISON OF ALECTORIS
CHUKAR HARDERIAN GLAND IN DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT PERIODS
Hatice YAREN KULOĞLU
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Aksaray,
Aksaray, Turkey
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to compare the presence of developmental differences in the 2, 4, and 6
month-old chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) Harderian gland by means of the histological and
histochemical methods.
In the study, Harder glands and bursa Fabricii of six (6), and 2, 3, 4 and 6 month old (3 male, 3
female) partridges taken from a private farm in Antalya were used. In the examination performed with
the naked eye, in the chukar partridges, the Harderian gland was seen that it took place in the
continuation of the palpebra tertia, settled in the medial eye, and that it was in relation with this organ.
It was established that Harderian gland of Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) was dirty yellow, and
adapted the shape of bulbus oculi, and had an uneven shape similar to semilunar, and had a smooth
surface. It was observed that the Harderian gland had no relation with cartilago palpebra tertia.
It was determined that each of the Harderian glands of 2, 3, 4, and 6 month-old chukar partridges was
wrapped with a thin connective tissue capsule, and that the capsule sent septum into the gland to
separate the gland lobes and lobules. It was observed that the corpus glandules were composed of low
or high prismatic epithelial cells. Within each lobe, it was determined that there was a single main
flow channel with quite a large lumen with primer flow channels. Primer and main flow duct epithelial
cells were observed to have single-layered cubic character. In Gordon-Sweet in painting; it was
observed that the reticular fibre bundles started to spread branching from the capsule of the connective
tissue surrounding the organ. These reticular fibre bundles extended as thin arms to the periphery of
the corpus glandules. It was observed that the reticular fibre bundles taking place in the regions where
the connective tissue septum expanded were thicker and that they formed network. Reticular fibre
bundles were seen at the base of the epithelial cells forming the main draining duct, and especially at
33
the crypt regions. Besides, reticular fibre bundles were encountered around blood vessels. Strong AB-
positive epithelial cells were observed in Alcian Blue (AB) pH = 2.5 staining in corpus glandule, but
PAS-positive epithelial cells were not found in Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining. While a strong
AB-positive reaction was observed in the majority of primer duct channels, a weak PAS-positive
reaction was observed in a small number of cells. It was established that goblet cells in main flow
channel epithelium were weak and strong in the AB pH = 2.5 staining method; and that they exhibited
weak PAS-positive reaction in the PAS staining method. In all histological and histochemical stainings
performed, it was determined that Harder glands of 2, 3, 4 and 6 month-old chukar partridges
demonstrated similar chemical reactions.
As a result, in the AB pH = 2.5 staining method, the fact that the corpus glandules found in the
Harderian gland were strongly AB-positive; yet they exhibited weak PAS-positive reactions in the
PAS staining method are indications that this gland secretes in acidic muco-substance. In addition, the
histological and histochemical features of the harderian gland of the chukar partridge (2, 3, 4 and 6
months-old) appeared to be similar.
Keywords: Harderian gland, Histology, Histochemical
34
ICSAFL / 53
INVESTIGATION OF PVL GENE LOCI IN METHICILLIN-RESISTANT
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) STRAINS ISOLATED FROM NOSOCOMIAL
SAMPLES OF HOSPITAL PATIENT AND HOSPITAL STAFF
Hatice YAREN KULOĞLU
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Aksaray,
Aksaray, Turkey
Hasibe VURAL
Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Meram Medical, University of Necmettin Erbakan,
Konya, Turkey
Emine Ġnci TUNCER
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Selcuk Medical, University of Selcuk, Konya,
Turkey
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for treating difficult
infections in humans. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of
antibiotics. MRSA, by definition, is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus which is resistant to a large
group of antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most frequently
identified antimicrobial drug-resistant pathogen in the world. The epidemiology of infections caused
by MRSA is rapidly changing.
In the first phase of this study, two groups of patients were collected from hospital for the research of
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA). 40 patients (36 hospital patients: 7,5%, 4 hospital staffs: 1,7%) were from cultured
nosocomial infections out of 233 hospital staffs and 477 hospital patients (total 730) in Medical
Faculty Hospital, Seljuk University, Meram, Konya, Turkey. The strains of Staphylococcus aureus
were determined with the API test. As methicillin-resistant of these strains, was determined by Disk
Diffusion method and E-Test analysis.
At the second phase of the study, the study was carried out in Archeometry and Biotechnology
Laboratory, Science Faculty of Seljuk University. We looked into presence of mecA-1, mecA-2, PVL-
1, PVL-2, and PVL-3 genes in each samples by PCR method. MecA-1 ve mecA-2 gene loci or band
patterns in 40 MRSA samples were amplified by PCR. Furthermore, reproduction in PVL-1 gene 22,
35
PVL-2 gene 25, PVL-3 gene 33 MRSA strains was screened. Molecular findings verified the
microbiologic results in the research. Whether there were any mutations in regions to study each
bacterium was defined by SSCP method. There found no mutation in these Staphylococcus aureus.
That is, they were not in heterodublex band profile. PCR-SSCP, though very sensitive, can only be
used to detect mutations in small DNA fragments. Microbiologists and clinicians are faced with
increasing options for the use of genotypic or phenotypic methods. We repeated the tests at least three
times for each bacteria strain of molecular examinations in this study.
Keywords: MRSA, mecA, PVL, Staphylococcus aureus, SSCP
36
ICSAFL / 54
COMPARISON OF HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL METHODS OF
DEVELOPMENT AND INVOLVATION PERIODS OF CHUKAR PARTRIDGE
(ALECTORIS CHUKAR) OF BURSA OF FABRICII
Hatice YAREN KULOĞLU
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Aksaray,
Aksaray, Turkey
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine the developmental differences of pre-involution and post-
involution of 2, 3, 4 and 6 month old partridges (Alectoris chukar) of bursa of Fabricii by histological
and histochemical methods. In the study, 2, 3, 4 and 6 month-old (6 from each) chukar partridges
(Alectoris chukar) of bursa of Fabricii were used. As in the other avian species, it was seen that in the
chukar partridges, the bursa of Fabricii was placed in the dorsal of the cloaca, and opened to the cloaca
with a canal. It was observed that the 3 month-old chukar partridge of bursa of Fabricii was
surrounded by a capsule, and that the mucosa was composed of 10-15 platelets. It was noticed that the
lymph follicles contained cortex and medullar parts, and that the corticomedullary were separated
from each other by border cells. The first involution indications of the three month-old chukar
partridge of bursa of Fabricii were observed in the interfollicular epithelium and follicle-associated
epithelium. It was observed that platelets disappeared with respect to involution, and that lumen
narrowed considerably, and that the lymph follicles shrank and cysts surrounded by epithelium existed
in them and that connective tissue mass increased in six month-old chukar partridge bursa of Fabricii.
AB-positive reaction was observed only in apical part of epithelial cells in bursa of Fabricii in AB pH
= 2.5 staining method. In the PAS staining method, a PAS-positive reaction was observed only in the
goblet cells located among the epithelial cells. With Gordon-Sweet reticular fibre stain, it was
observed that the reticular fibres were condensed on the basis of the epithelial cells forming the IFE,
forming a border, and that the medulla and cortex border of the lymph follicles appeared more clearly.
It was observed that the lymph follicles in the bursa of Fabricii of chukar partridges were surrounded
by reticular fibre, and that they sent extensions to the cortex area. In this way, it was observed that the
reticular filaments formed the reticular fibres of the lymph follicles together with the reticular cells. It
was observed that the reticular threads became thinner on the basis of the epithelial cells forming the
FAE. It was also observed that reticular threads concentrated around blood vessels and among
follicles. As a result; the developmental and involutional stages of bursa of Fabricii displayed
considerably difference histologically. Histochemically, on the other hand, they gave similar reactions
in the staining performed.
Keywords: Bursa of Fabricii, Histology, Histochemical
37
ICSAFL / 06
EXTRACTION OF COLLAGEN FROM FISH PROCESSING WASTE AND ITS
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Yasemen YANAR
Çukurova University
Fisheries Faculty
Mahmut YANAR
Çukurova University
Fisheries Faculty
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant fiber form protein in vertebrates. It represents about one-fourth of the
total protein content in most animals. The main sources of industrial collagen are those from pig and
bovine skin and bones. However, collagen from bovine has a risk for contamination from bovine
spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), transmissible spongiform encephalophathy (TSE) and foot-and-
mouth disease (FMD) or even religious constraints. Collagens from marine resources, especially from
fish processing byproducts, have gained increasing attention as an alternative to mammalian collagen.
The fish processing industry utilizes 55-65% of an average fish for consumable meat. An estimated 20
million metric tons of fish waste are generated per year in worldwide. Several extraction techniques
are available for the collagen isolation. Isolation of collagen is generally separated into three main
steps, including sample preparation, extraction, and recovery. The extraction is carried out by the aid
of acid, in which the resulting collagen is termed acid-soluble collagen (ASC). By applying pepsin, the
resulting extract is named Pepsin Soluble Collagen (PSC). Collagen has widespread applications in
numerous fields such as leather, the film industry, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and biomedical materials,
and food. Collagen products are used in medicine and dentistry for many purposes, including wound
dressings and as matrices for tissue growth. This review focuses on marine collagen and its potential
applications.
Keywords: Collagen, fish wastes, extraction, biomaterial
38
ICSAFL / 086
ORNAMENTAL FISHERIES AND ITS FUTURE IN TURKEY
Mahmut YANAR
Çukurova University, Fisheries Faculty, Adana/Turkey
Yasemen YANAR
Çukurova University, Fisheries Faculty, Adana/Turkey
Erhan ERDOĞAN
Munzur University, Fisheries Faculty, Tunceli/Turkey
Ece EVLĠYAOĞLU
Çukurova University, Fisheries Faculty, Adana/Turkey
Abstract
Being one of the most popular hobbies in the world, ornamental fishery is an important
commercial activity with a turnover of 15-20 billion USD per year (with sub-sectors) at an
annual growth of 14%. Number of ornamental fish sold per year is estimated to be 15 billion.
Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka and China are leaders in
this regard and ornamental fishery contributes significantly to economic development of these
countries. Countries importing ornamental fish are the USA, Japan and EU members. Turkey
ranks number 24 in imports, 74 in exports, and 35 in total ornamental fish trade in the world.
However, due to the fact that official records are unreliable and illegal trade is in effect, the
accuracy of the sectoral figures is considered controversial. According to unofficial figures,
7-8 million USD is spent on imports of ornamental aquarium fish per annum, and this figure
amounts to more than 10 million USD with side-sectors. It is estimated that the number of
aquarium fish marketed in the country is about 30-40 million, 45% of which are cyprinids
(especially goldfish), 20% poecilids (especially guppy), 15% cichlids and 15% other species.
Domestic production accounts for 25-30% of the fish marketed in the country, corresponding
to 8-10 million fish per year. Ornamental fish species produced locally in Turkey are 60%
cyprinids (mainly goldfish), 20% poecilids (mainly guppies), 10% cichlids such as yellow
cichlid, dolphin cichlid and angelfish, and finally 10% tetra fish, gourami and peppered cory.
39
Turkey‟s warm climate (especially in the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts) and close
proximity to Europe, being the largest aquarium fish market, provide important opportunities
for the country in aquarium fish production and trade. In order to further develop the
ornamental fishery sector in Turkey; 1) all the sectoral activities need to be officially
registered and monitored, 2) more academic and technical knowledge needs to be transferred
to private sector, 3) good quality brood stock should be provided to the producers, 4) the
government needs to provide more funds and support to R&D studies, 5) smuggling of fish
must be effectively prevented, 6) „small family business licence‟ should be reissued, 7) more
aquaculture engineers should be employed in the relevant ministries, and finally, 8)
bureaucratic obstacles must be reduced during foundation of ornamental fish farms.
Keywords: ornamental fish, aquarium, Turkey.
40
ICSAFL / 097
HELMINTH EGGS DETECTED BY FECAL EXAMINATION IN DOGS IN KONYA,
TURKEY
Uğur USLU
Selcuk University
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology
Onur CEYLAN
Selcuk University
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology
Abdullah KÜÇÜKYAĞLIOĞLU
Selcuk University
Institute of Health Science
Ceylan ĠLHAN
Selcuk University
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology
Seyit Mehmet DAĞ
Konya Metropolitan Municipality Directorate of Environmental Protection and Control
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract
Fecal samples of a total of 229 stray dogs, aged between two and five, were examined by
native, Fulleborn‟s floatation and Benedek‟s sedimentation methods to determine the
prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminth infections in Konya province, Turkey. 73 (31.88%)
fecal samples were found positive in terms of the helminth infections. Two cestode eggs and
five nematode eggs were found in the infected fecal samples. Cestode eggs were identified as
follows: Dipylidium caninum 9 (3.93%), Taenia spp./Echinococcus spp. 5 (2.18%).
Nematodes were found to be more prevalent than cestodes. In this study, of the nematode
eggs, Toxascaris leonina 48 (20.97%), Toxacara canis 14 (6.11%), Ancylostoma caninum 4
(1.75%), Uncinaria stenocephala 2 (0.87%) and Physaloptera spp. 2 (0.87%) were detected,
respectively. Mono and dual infection was also seen in this study. Although 61 (26.64%)
mono infections were observed, the number of dual infections were determined as 12
(5.24%). No trematode eggs and nematode larvae were found in this study.
Key words: Dog, Helmint, Eggs, Prevalence, Konya.
41
ICSAFL / 75
INVESTIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF BIOLOGICAL URBAN
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Züleyha BĠNGÜL
Igdir University
Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty,.
Fatma EKMEKYAPAR TORUN
Atatürk University,
Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty
Corresponding Author‟s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Rapid population growth and urbanization, industrial activities and agricultural activities
increase the need for clean water resources and necessitate the protection of water resources.
Wastewater treatment plants are technologies and processes in which pollutants contained in
wastewater are removed to protect the environment and public health. These plants are
important for the reduction and prevention of water pollution and for the improvement of
environmental quality by protecting human and environmental health. The need for more
efficient treatment plants is increasing due to the increasing wastewater generation due to
urbanization. The urban wastewater treatment plant in Turkey is the responsibility of the
municipality. According to the Water Pollution Control Regulation, urban wastewater should
be discharged to the receiving environment after being treated with appropriate methods. The
most common method for the treatment of urban wastewater is the biological treatment
process. Wastewater treatment plants have many environmental hazards due to the
establishment, operation, maintenance and repair. When designing wastewater treatment
plants, it is necessary to determine the extent of environmental impacts. It is important to
evaluate these plants by considering the negative environmental impacts. In this study; in
order to protect human and environmental health, the positive and negative effects of urban
wastewater treatment plants to the environment, prevention of negative effects or the
measures to be taken to minimize the negative effects are examined.
Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant, environmental impact, noise, odor.
42
ICSAFL / 76
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN IĞDIR
Züleyha BĠNGÜL
Igdir University
Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty,.
ABSTRACT
With the rapid population growth and the developing urbanization and industrialization, both
the demand for water resources and the amount of domestic and industrial wastewater
generated as a result of these uses increase. Despite the upward trend in water consumption,
the limited and decreasing availability of water resources necessitated that water resources
should be more carefully managed and protected against pollution. In this study; sewerage
systems and wastewater treatment activities of Iğdır Province located in the east of Turkey's
were investigated. There are a total of 7 municipalities which are 1 center, 3 towns and 3
districts in Iğdır. While the ratio of the municipal population served by drinking and supply
water network in Iğdır is 92%, the ratio of the municipal population served by the sewage
network is 77%. The network serving sewerage is old and its economic life has completed due
to unexpected population increase. The wastewater collected by the sewerage network in
province goes to the facultative stabilization pools for treatment by the main collector line, but
it is discharged to the Aras River without being treated since pools have lost their function.
This situation leads to various environmental problems and threats to human and
environmental health if necessary precautions are not taken.
Keywords: Iğdır, sewage, wastewater, wastewater management, wastewater treatment.
43
ICSAFL / 29
THE IMPORTANCE OF PLOTGE EDUCATION IN THE AVIATION SECTOR
Mustafa KISA
Selcuk University
Printing and Publication
Abstract
In developing societies, civil aviation has become a more important field than ever before.
Civil aviation is not accelerating the economies of the countries; construction, energy and
natural resources. Civil aviation is a strategic area for many countries.
Investments in civil aviation are inevitable and necessary. The most difficult and long-term
part of these investments is the human power that is grown at the beginning of the sections.
Organizations authorized by the General Directorate of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of
Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications to train pilots in our country are providing
pilot training needed for the civil aviation sector. Civil aviation departments in universities
also serve on this field. In this study; and the difficulties of this training, the conditions of the
trained staff and working conditions were examined.
Keywords: Civil Aviation, Plotage, Aviation.
ICSAFL'2018Amsterdam/NETHERLANDS
ICSAFL2018
