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Intermodality and the Economy: Seamless Transport. Stephen Perkins. ECAC Forum 14 December 2011. The air passenger end-to-end journey. Transfer. Source: Adapted from UK Department for Transport, Improving the Air Passenger Experience, 2009. Generalised costs and access to airports. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Intermodality and the Economy:
Seamless Transport Stephen Perkins
ECAC Forum14 December 2011
The air passenger end-to-end journey
2
Source: Adapted from UK Department for Transport,Improving the Air Passenger Experience, 2009
Transfer
Generalised costs and access to airportsGeneralised Costs• Cash cost
– Marginal cost of car per person– Parking– Return trip for kiss and fly– Bus/rail/metro fare– Taxi fare per person
• Time cost• Reliability (buffer time cost)• Comparative comfort/practicality
– Baggage– Crowding– Transfers– stairs/distance for transfers on foot
3
Leeds Bradford
LiverpoolManchester
East Midlands
Birmingham
DoncasterHumberside
Leeds Bradford
Liverpool
Manchester
East Midlands
Birmingham
Doncaster
Humberside
Leeds BradfordLeeds Bradford
LiverpoolLiverpoolManchesterManchester
East MidlandsEast Midlands
BirminghamBirmingham
DoncasterDoncasterHumbersideHumberside
Leeds Bradford
Liverpool
Manchester
East Midlands
Birmingham
Doncaster
Humberside
Leeds Bradford
Liverpool
Manchester
East Midlands
Birmingham
Doncaster
Humberside
UK catchment analysis: two-hour drive-times
Source: David Starkie, ITF Roundtable 145
• 2 hour drive catchments• Mean drive time 1.0 hour to nearest alternative• Potentially very competitive structure• Similar overlap of catchments in Japan, Italy .....• Hubs usually different
Mode shares for passenger access to Heathrow (%)
5
Source: Kouwenhoven, ITF Roundtable 145
Fraport’s high speed rail connections• Koln 57 min• Bonn 40 min• Stuttgart 73 min• 174 long distance trains a day• AIRail integrated ticketing and bag drop
Lufthansa-DB-Fraport• Rail&Fly rail discounts for 90 airlines for
destinations all over Germany
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High-speed lines 300 km/h High-speed lines 250 km/h Upgraded lines 200 km/h Sources: Wikipedia; Fraport.
Can HSR relieve congested airports and airspace?
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Source: Wikipedia
Top 10 European air passenger flows in 2009
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Source: Eurostat
High Speed Rail
• 9-12 M pass pa breakeven• 400-600km maximum competition with air• Stop at airport undermines time savings for city-city service• Network node more valuable than single HSL
• HSR replaced Air 80%+
Modal shift from introduction of HSR (% shares)
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Source: Preston 2009.
High speed rail o-d city pairs market shares
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h:min km/h1:25 2202:00 2152:25 2152:25 1952:15 1952:30 1453:00 1502:45 2304:00 1154:30 125
Source: De Rus, ITF Roundtable 145
HSR network and airports in Japan
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Source: Yamaguchi, ITF Symposium 2009
Domestic air traffic in Japan 2008
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Air and Shinkansen demand (million pkm)
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Air Shinkansen
Source: Yamaguchi, ITF Symposium 2009
• Principle access to airports is by road – end-to-end convenience with baggage.
• Road catchment determines competition between airports.• Biggest modal transfer is from conventional rail to HSR until
distances of 500 km or where sea crossing.• Value for hub feeder substitution depends on geography, as HSL
only viable for city centre pairs with market of 9m plus• To relieve “capacity crunch” all options important
– SESAR– Runway congestion pricing– Runway capacity– HSR where spatial geography fortuitous – Japan
Conclusions
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