Intermediate World History B

Unit 5: Europe Seeks Asia and Meets the Americas

Lesson 1: Portugal and Spain,

and the Age of Exploration Pg. 197-209

Lesson 3: Filling in the Map Pg. 211-221

Lesson 5: Old Civilizations Pg. 223-237

Use this help packet as you work through Unit 5. In here you will

find:

Cornell notes from the chapter

A Study Guide

Links to videos to help you remember the concepts in this

unit.

World History B Unit 5: Europe Seeks Asia and Meets the Americas

Textbook Pages: 197-209 Lesson 1: Portugal and Spain, and the Age of Exploration

Find the following on the map: a)Portugal b) Spain c) Mediterranean Sea

Why did the Europeans want to travel by sea to Asia in the Fifteenth Century (1400s)?

• In the Middle Ages, they traveled by land for silk.

• In the 1400s, people needed 1. Gems 2. Pearls 3. Spices (used for medicine, and to preserve food and give it flavor)

• Why go by sea? The land route, “The Silk Road,” was blocked by the Ottoman Turks who controlled it.

Who was Prince Henry the Navigator? • Started the Age of Exploration • Portuguese • Gave money to sponsor sea expeditions • He heard stories of Prester John in Africa

and his riches. • He sent 50 expeditions to Africa. Built

caravels, which were small ships that could approach the coast without scraping the bottom.

What were two improvements that were made in navigation so that sailors could travel farther?

Maps before this time were very inaccurate and often were made to show one country

at the center of the world. With exploration came better maps and navigation tools. 1. Astrolabe- to find latitude

Mediterranean Sea

Portugal

Spain

2. Quadrant- another way to find latitude. **These tools kept sailors from getting lost. 3. Caravel Ships- Lighter ships that could go in open seas and shallow waters.

Who was Bartholomea Dias? • The Portuguese explorer who first rounded the southern tip of Africa.

• 1487- Sailed to the tip of Africa (never been done before). He faced many storms and rough waters.

• King John II of Portugal named it the “Cape of Good Hope”

Where is the Cape of Good Hope on a map?

Who was Christopher Columbus? 1492- Believed he could go west to find the

Indies First explorer to travel west to find Asia. He calculated the circumference of the

Earth and though he found a shorter route. Discovered the Carribbean Returned home with one ship

Who sponsored Columbus’ voyage? Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain Where did Columbus first land in the New World? San Salvador What route did he take? Turn to page 198 in your textbook. Why did Columbus call the people he met in the New World “Indians”?

He thought he had reached the Indies of East Asia.

Summary: When Europeans soon had a high demand for spices from Asia and no land route to get there, they turned to the sea to find a way to Asia. Portugal and Spain led the way in the Age of Exploration (the name for this point in history). Their explorers sailed to the tip of

Africa and discovered two new continents on their quest for the Indies. New navigation tools such as the quadrant and astrolabe helped these explorers travel farther on open water than ever before.

World History Unit 5: Europe Seeks Asia and Meets the Americas Textbook Pages Pg. 211-221

Lesson 3: Filling in the Map

What was the Line of Demarcation? What was its purpose?

Page 198-199 in your Textbook

• Spain and Portugal did not want to see each other claim lands in the New World that Columbus had discovered.

• They asked the Pope to help since they were both Catholic. In 1493 he drew the Line of Demarcation.

• Part of the Treaty of Tordesillas • Showed which lands could be claimed by Spain and Portugal to

solve the dispute.

How was the way the Europeans behaved different from our behavior today?

• The Spanish and Portuguese drew the Line of Demarcation to decide who could claim the land in the New World.

• They didn’t bother to ask the people that lived there already. • To us, it seems very arrogant. What right did they have to do this? • At this time in history, the idea of “rights” didn’t exist yet. It

would be 300 years before Thomas Jefferson would write about “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

• It wasn’t fair but they saw things differently back then. Who was Vasco da Gama?

• 1497 led an expedition of four ships to find a route for Portugal to India by sailing east around Africa.

• He followed Bartolomeu Dias’ route around the tip of Africa. • Landed in India in 1498. • First to discover the route to India by sailing around Africa.

Who was Pedro Cabral? What did he do?

• 1500 Sent by King Manuel of Portugal to go back to India by using Vasco da Gama’s route.

• Sailed too far out into the Atlantic Ocean. • Discovered Brazil and claimed it for Portugal. •

Why could Portugal claim Brazil?

• Brazil was the only place in South America east of the Line of Demarcation.

• That’s why today, Portuguese is spoken in Brazil. Brazil also has a different culture because they are the only South America nation not colonized by Spain.

Who was Ferdinand Magellan?

• A Portuguese sailor who worked for Spain. • He was asked to find a route through the Americas to India. • His crew was the first ever to travel all the way around the world.

Locate Magellan’s route on a map.

• Page 198 in your textbook • Traveled from 1. Spain to 2. the bottom of South America to 3. the Philippines, across 4. The Indian Ocean, around 5. The tip of Africa, and 6. Back to Spain

What were the major events of Magellan’s voyage?

1519 Magellan sets sail with 5 ships: the Trinidad, San Antonio,Concepcion, Victoria, and Santiago

Trouble at sea. End up on West African Coast.

Land in Brazil. Head south. Whenever the spotted a bay or river, they would send a crew to see how far it went.

Names the people of Southern South America "Patagoni" . This area is called Patagonia today. He sees penguins and sea lions.

Mutiny in Magellan's fleet. The rebels are beheaded or left behind.

Two ships discover a narrow channel to the Pacific Ocean. Now called The Strait of Magellan.

Names the Pacific Ocean Mar Pacifico, which means "peaceful sea". It takes them 3 months to cross it.

1521- Land on the island of the Phillipines and try to convert the natives to Christianity. An upset chief kills Magellan.

Magellan's men sail on to the Spice Islands, the Southern tips of Africa and back home. It took them 3 years to go all the way around the world.

World History B Unit 5: Europe Seeks Asia and Meets the Americas Textbook Pages Pg. 223-237

Lesson 5: Old Civilizations

What did the phrase “New World” refer to? • The places the Europeans discovered during this time. • Mostly North and South America. • “New” because it was new to the Europeans.

What were the four major civilizations in the New World before Europeans arrived?

1. Olmec 2. Mayan 3. Incan 4. Aztecs

Locate the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca Empires on a map. Map on Page 224

The Incas were in along the western coast of South America.

What does civilization mean? • From the latin word civitas, meaning city

• These people were all city builders

Which civilization was possibly the earliest in • The Olmecs

the Americas? • 1200-400 B.C.

What were the major characteristics of the Maya Civilization?

• 250-900 A.D. • Founded their empire on the swampy lands in Modern

day Guatemala • Largest city was Tikal (tee KAHL)

Had 60,000 people • Farmed on terraces in the hillsides • Drained swamps and turned them into farmland

Why? Easier than chopping down the rainforest around them.

• They grew mainly corn. What were the major achievements of the Maya Civilization?

• Advanced in astronomy and mathematics • Priest-astronomers could predict eclipses • Invented a 365 day calendar superior to that of the

Europeans at the time. • Understood place value

Example: 365 if you move the 3, it changes the value of the number.

What were the major characteristics of the Inca Civilization?

• Begun around 1200 A.D. in the Andes Mountains of South America.

• Capital was Cuzco (KOOS-koh); word for navel. In the middle of the empire.

• Had an emperor as their ruler

What were the major achievements of the Inca Civilization?

• Impressive builders and stone masons. • Built Sacsahuaman (sahks-ah-wah-MAHN); a fortress

created with small tools. • Invented a system of roads with store houses for grain

along the roads. • Coastal Road and the Royal Road. • Had runners to deliver the news and the Khipu (KEE-

poo), a message for the emperor about the inventory of the empire’s holdings. No writing, just a cord and colored string system woven together.

Who discovered the lost city of Machu Picchu?

• Discovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911 while exploring. He was from the U.S. He wrote a book called The Lost City of the Incas

• Describe the city of Machu Piccu. • Means old peak

• 8000 feet above sea level • A grand city lost in the mountains. • Thought to be a vacation place for the wealthy. • It had roads, palaces, and terraces for farming.

What were the major characteristics of the Inca Civilization?

• Begun around 1250 A.D • They started as war driven nomads. • Settled in the desert; they weren’t well liked as

travelers.

• Aztec comes from Aztlan, meaning white land (they settled in the desert)

• Capitol city was Tenochitlan (tay nauch teet lahn) and was on an island.

• The Aztecs practice human sacrifice to their war god every day.

• Those who surrounded the Aztecs resented them. • They conquered territories and would claim enemy

warriors for human sacrifice. • This resentment would lead to their down fall.

What were the major achievements of the Inca Civilization?

• Scribes that wrote books about the gods and the history of the people; tax records and records of the territories conquered.

• Harvested gold, silver and copper. • Made jewelry and crafted headdresses, cloaks and

ornaments. What are the origins of Mexico’s name? • The group known as the Mexica conquered the people

of Aztlan. When the Spaniards arrived, they named Mexico after the Mexica people.

• You can read more on page 229. What are the origins of Mexico’s flag?

• Comes from the legend of how the Aztecs found their

home. • Their war God told them to settle where they saw an

eagle perched on a cactus devouring a serpent.

Timeline

Unit 5: Europe Seeks Asia and Meets the Americas Assessment Study Guide

This guide will allow you to test your knowledge as you are studying for the Unit 5 Assessment.

Quiz yourself or have someone else quiz you to test your knowledge before you take the test. If

you can’t answer a question, go back to your textbook or notes to look up the information

Recognize that fifteenth-century standards for the behavior of nations differed from modern standards.

Recognize that the term "new world" reflected only the European view of the continents they learned about in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Describe the reasons for European interest in traveling by sea to Asia in the fifteenth century.

Describe the events leading to Portugal's claim to Brazil and the consequences of that claim.

Summarize the significant events of Magellan's voyage. Identify Vasco da Gama. Identify Pedro Cabral. Locate on a map the route Magellan took, the major land areas and bodies of water on

the route, and the distance the expedition traveled. Identify Ferdinand Magellan. Identify the Line of Demarcation and explain its purpose. Define civilization. Summarize the major achievements and characteristics of Aztec civilization. Describe the origins of Mexico's name and flag. Identify the Olmecs as possibly the earliest civilization in the Americas. Summarize the major achievements and characteristics of Maya civilization. Identify Hiram Bingham as the modern discoverer of the lost city of Machu Picchu. Summarize the major achievements and characteristics of Inca civilization. Locate the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca Empires on a map. Demonstrate mastery of important knowledge and skills taught in this unit. Identify on a map the routes of famous European explorers and the lands they claimed. Explain the purposes of Spanish and Portuguese voyages of exploration. Identify the major civilizations in the Americas prior to European conquest and describe

them and their achievements. Identify important explorers and patrons of exploration and explain why they became

famous. Locate Portugal, Spain, the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Cape of

Good Hope on a map. Identify Columbus as the Italian navigator who first sailed west to get to Asia, and

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain as his sponsors. Identify Dias as the Portuguese explorer who first rounded the southern tip of Africa.

Identify two improvements in navigation and explain that they allowed sailors to travel farther from land.

Identify Prince Henry the Navigator as the Portuguese patron of sea expeditions. Explain that Columbus called the people he met "Indians" because he thought he had

reached the Indies of East Asia. Trace on a map the route of Columbus's first voyage, and identify San Salvador as his

landing point. Review historical events.

Intermediate World History B

Unit 5: Europe Seeks Asia and Meets the Americas

Video Links:

Did Columbus Discover America? Find out! http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus/videos/ask-history--did-columbus-really-discover-america

Quick videos- Age of Exploration:

Introduction: http://youtu.be/KFW6LEKBong (part 1)

Why it began: http://youtu.be/BM99DCtRWKQ (part 2)

Age of Exploration- The Explorers: http://youtu.be/nx6f3MiMk_I

Interactive Web Page:

The life of an explorer: http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/infographics/age-of-exploration

Old Civilizations- the Mayans: http://www.history.com/topics/maya/videos/the-mayans (great review video)

Old Civilizations- the Incas: http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-rise-of-the-incas

Old Civilizations- the Aztecs: http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/videos/prophecy-of-quexalcote