Integration of renewable energies into the grids - International Energy … · 2014-11-10 · Integration of renewable energies into the grids Workshop: Comparing the Brazilian and

Integration of renewable energies into the grids

Workshop: Comparing the Brazilian and German Public Policies

Experiences on Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency,

19 to 21 March 2013

Univ. of Campinas, 19th March 2013

Holger Gassner

Head of Markets & Political Affairs / CR

RWE Innogy GmbH

Page 2 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013

3

2

4

Challenges in a system with high share of fluctuating generation

Options for the integration of renewable energies

Conclusions

Agenda

1 Renewable energies and development in Europe and Germany


RWE Innogy in the RWE Group:

RWE Group Structure by region and function

Germany

RWE

Deutschland

RWE Power

Netherlands/ Belgium

Essent

United Kingdom

RWE npower

Central Eastern and South

Eastern Europe

RWE East

Renewable

Energies

RWE Innogy

Upstream

Gas and Oil

RWE Dea

Trading/Gas

Midstream

RWE Supply

& Trading

RWE AG Amprion RWE Technology Internal Services

Region Function

Biomass Wind onshore Wind offshore Hydro New Applications


Biomasse Wind Onshore Wind Offshore Wasserkraft Neue

Technologien

RWE Innogy: Focus on wind, hydro and biomass while

also supporting new technologies

> Established in February 2008

> Bundling renewables activities and competencies

across RWE Group

> Focus on capacity growth in commercially mature

renewable technologies, i.e. wind, biomass and

hydro

> Research & Development and Venture Capital to

drive the development of emerging technologies,

e.g. solar, marine

> European focus: asset portfolio of 2.4 GW in

operation and 1.3 GW under construction mainly

located in United Kingdom, Germany,

Spain, Netherlands, Poland and Italy

GER

UK

Spain Portugal

France Switzerland

Czech

Republic

NL

BE

Poland

Italy

Neue Technologien

Wasser

Wind Onshore

Biomasse

Wind Offshore


3

2

4



Conclusions

Agenda



Renewable energies – Comparison of single

technologies

Base load option Technology

Onshore

Hydro

Biomasse

Offshore

negative

positive

Economic

evaluation Technical risk Potential

PV

Solar Thermal

Biogas

Marine

* In combination with storage

*


Envisaged cost reductions reduce future

regulatory risks

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Large PV Northern Europe

Large PV Southern Europe

CSP Europe

Biomass ø

Offshore wind (3,200h)

Onshore wind (2,000h)

Source: Dii, 2011

Average LCOE1 (€/MWh)

1 LCOE = Levelised cost of energy incl. Devex and capex

EU newly installed power generating capacity per

year in MW and RES share (%)

Source: EWEA

PAGE 9 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013

The expansion of renewable energy needs to be

increased significantly

Renewable electricity generation from 1990 to 2050 (TWh)

Source: Data to 2010: BMU; Data for 2050: Energieszenarien EWI, GWS, Prognos * Other: BMU: Biogenic share of waste; EWI, GWS, Prognos: Biogenic waste, sewage and landfill gas

2050

24,5

113

41

6,4

39

5

Hydro

Wind energy

Biomass

Photovoltaics

Other*

Geothermal

20

11

2007

2005

2003

2001

1994

1990

1998

50

100

150

200

250

300

56,3

Wind Onshore

Wind Offshore

TW

h

285,2

> Targets for water, biomass, wind onshore and offshore are acceptable!

> Photovoltaics target is possible, but viewed critically because of the inefficiency and high cost!

> Assumed full load hours partially very ambitious!


3

2

4



Conclusions

Agenda


~Gas

23 GW

Oil, pump

storage and

others

~23 GW

Must run

~50 GW

Coal

~ 23 GW Nuclear

~12 GW

Marginal costs [€/MWh]

Forecasted load

~80 GW

Lignite

~20 GW

Capacity [GW]

Lower market

price set by

marginal costs

of lignite plant

Scenario 2: Large portion of renewable capacity is producing power

Higher market

price set by

marginal costs

of coal plant

Scenario 1: Only a small portion of renewable capacity is producing power

Forecasted load

~80 GW

Due to their priority feed-in into the grid, renewables are

pushing conventional power plants out of the market

Nuclear

Lignite

~Gas

Coal Oil, pump

storage and

others



0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Ability of conventional power plants to change

their load:

MW

Min

Maximum ~875 MW

Minimum ~260 MW

Gradient +/- 38 MW/Min

New CCGT power plants

Maximum ~600 MW

Minimum ~420 MW


Existing coal power

plants

Maximum ~800 MW

Minimum ~320 MW


New coal power plants

Maximum ~1260 MW

Minimum ~630 MW

Gradient +/- 63 MWMin

Nuclear power

EEG-Windenergie-Einspeisung in Deutschland im Januar 2009,

Tagesminima und Tagesmaxima der 1/4-Stunden-Leistungsprofile

Stand: 10.02.2009

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Datum (Januar 2009)

Leistung in MW

%

Wind injections January 2009

All existing conventional power plants contribute to integrate

and balance the renewable generation

Utilisation of the Gersteinwerk gas-fired power plant

June - July 2009

Gersteinwerk Unit F (427 MW)

June 2009 July 2009

MW


Utilisation of the Gersteinwerk gas-fired power plant

June - July 2011

Gersteinwerk Unit F (427 MW)

June 2011 July 2011

MW


Storage capacity is one option to reduce load gradients

in the grid –potential for long-duration storage limited

Data Source: ISET

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

02.02. 03.02. 04.02. 05.02. 06.02. 07.02.

2009

Win

d P

ow

er

[MW

]

0

4.000

8.000

12.000

16.000

20.000

24.000

Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez

2008

Win

d P

ow

er

[MW

]

2008

I. Huge fluctuation margin,

temporal power surplus in the

future

II. Extremely

huge load

gradients

III. Long calms must be bridged

Total installed wind capacity: 24,817 MW (01/12/2009)

Pumped storage capacity available

in Germany to date Page 15 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013


3

2

4



Conclusions

Agenda



Challenges and Solutions

Main challenges:

> Integration of fluctuating

generation from wind and solar.

> Ensure security of supply.

> Ensure economical

competitiveness of industry.

> Ensure payable energy for the

consumer.

Possible solutions:

> Grid extension

> Flexible generation with

conventional power plants

> Increase storage capacities

> Smart grids and demand side

management

> Be cost effective


Need for significant power grid amplification

Shut down NPP´s*

Grid amplification projects until 2015

according to dena I

Grid congestions expected to increase

Operating NPP´s*

German extra high voltage network

has grown dramatically with nuclear power phase-out!

2011

2011 2011

2011

2011 2011 2011

2011 2015

2017

2019

2021

2021

2021

2022

2022

2022

--

++

Offshore wind farms

Conventional

power plants

Shutdown of

NPP´s*

!

!

!

++

Future capacity budget Current capacity budget

*NPP: nuclear power plant


source: German TSOs: NEP 2012, Scenario B2022

> Network development plan (NEP)

developed by German TSOs shows

necessary expansion up to 8.200 km

up to 2022

> Resulting grid ensures a complete

integration of 115,6 GW RES in

Germany without congestions or

significant redispatch

> 2.100 km of new lines are HVDC

point-to-point connections for long

distance transport of energy

generated by northern wind parks

> Additionally, about 30 GVAr reactive

power compensation is needed for a

stable grid

> Overall estimated expansion costs

are about 27 mio. Euro up to 2022

German grid planning published in national

network development plan up to 2022 by TSO


Offshore-cable currently operational (red), under construction (yellow), under test by TSO (green), under test by

TSO/EWEA – recommendation (blue), suggested by EWEA for period up to 2020 (grey), suggested by EWEA for

period up to 2030 (orange)

In the long term a European regulatory framework is

needed

Source: EWEA 2009


> Back-up power plants with a total capacity

of approx. 270 GW are required to bridge

periods of calm air, etc.

> This is approx. 65% of the coal- and gas-

fired power plants installed in Europe today

> Short operating times lead to high costs

> Suitable economic incentives necessary

> With 80% renewable energy systems in

Europe, approx. 165 GW in transport

capacity are needed according to the ECF

> Focus on Pyrenees connection with 41 GW

Combination of "super grid" and back-up power plants

is the most cost-effective way of integrating renewables

Super grid Back-up power plants

Source: ECF, Imperial College, KEMA

+

New flexible conventional power plants can adjust

volatile feed-ins of renewables

The faster a power plant can run up or down its capacity, the more flexible it can be employed

Flexibility comparison of new conventional power

plants with old gas-/lignite-fired power stations,

respectively

MW

Max cap. ~ 1,000 MW

Min cap. ~ 500 MW

Max gradient +/- 30 MW/min

Minutes 30 5 10 15 20 25

1 In case of shut-down of one turbine

0

200

400

600

800

1,000 New lignite-fired power

plant

New gas-fired power plant

Max cap. ~875 MW

Min cap. ~260 MW1


Max cap. ~300 MW

Min cap. ~200 MW


Old lignite-fired power

station

Max cap. ~420 MW

Min cap. ~168 MW


Existing gas-fired power

station



There is a growing need of storing and discharging

electricity as and when required

Pumped storage power plant Atdorf

Use of storage potential in Norway ADELE - Adiabatic

compressed-air energy storage

E-mobility can play an important part

within future smart grids


The energy world of tomorrow is more connected and more decentralised

Electrical

Devices

Heating, Storage,

decentralised

generation

Combined Heat and

Power (CHP)

Wind

Conventional central electricity

generation

Public Charge

Stations

Smart

Meter

E-Mobility

Home-

automation

IT

Enabler Intelligent Tariffs • Pooling •

Reserve energy

EEG-Reserve

Stromhandel

Netzbetreiber

Intelligent Real Estates Intelligent Infrastructure

Renewable

Energies

Hydro

Biomass

Solar

Coal Gas Nuclear

http://img.archiexpo.de/images_ae/photo-g/polykristallines-photovoltaik-modul-161322.jpg

http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mce-community.de/mceBlog/uploads/hardware/HPMediaSmart_EX47x.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mce-community.de/mceBlog/index.php?/archives/1645-HP-MediaSmart-Windows-Home-Server-kuesssen-den-Mac.html&usg=__s2tDUQVKfvnsPHrF5kLMJff04YI=&h=400&w=400&sz=17&hl=de&start=8&sig2=A_asTfVh_8sbf7RtgMmdag&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=lTTNIskZCjiaNM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images?q=bild+server&um=1&hl=de&sa=N&tbs=isch:1&ei=WbPrS-SQKImUsAac8OSWBg

http://www.eex.com/de


„Smart Grids“ – The new energy world starts in the

distribution grid

1 Biogasanlage

2 Biogasspeicher als Stromspeicher

3 Blockheizwerk

4 Photovoltaikanlage

5 Moderne Spannungsregler

6 Windkraftanlage

„Smart Country“ (Eifel)

„Smart Operator“

(Rheinland-Pfalz u. Bayern)

> Dezentrale IKT-Lösung als

Antwort auf dezentrale

Energieerzeugung.

> Projekte mit bis zu 200

Haushalten in Kisselbach

und Wincheringen sowie

Schwabmünchen.

Hochtemperatur-Leiterseil (Hunsrück)

Electromobility can play an important part within a

future Smart Grid

Application possibilities and potentials are manifold

System service distribution

grid operator

Balancing energy Smart Home

Electric vehicle and

loading infrastructure

Large-scale

RES production

Decentralised production

and own consumption

Pooling

(virtual power plant)

Transmission grid Distribution grid

ICT systems data exchange of power needs and availability of power

Source: FTD, RWE



3

2

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Conclusions

Agenda


Page 28 Holger Gassner , RWE Innogy GmbH – Univ. of Campinas 19th March 2013 Source: European Commission EU renewable policy

The bigger and more coherent the market the better

for the integration of renewable energies – still work

on EU level to do


Conclusions

For successful integration of renewable energy sources the

remaining energy mix, the development of infrastructure and

public acceptance are as important as growth of renewables itself

Running an energy system with a high share of fluctuating

generation sources is quite a challenge but manageable if timing

and legal framework is set wisely

The share of renewables within the future energy mix will grow all

over the world. Policy on the European and German level has set

very ambitious growth targets for renewable energy sources

The different renewable energy technologies have to be

employed according to their respective strengths and

weaknesses as well as in a cost-effective manner

Large markets, grid extension, flexible generation technologies,

storage and demand side management together with smart grids

will shape the solutions

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

Holger Gassner

Head of Markets and Political Affairs / CR

RWE Innogy GmbH

Gildehofstr. 1

45127 Essen

+49 (0) 201 12 14072

[email protected]


> For constructing 3,600 km of extra high voltage lines 12,000 masts have to be erected.

> Since 2005, the grid has been extended by approx. 35 km per year. Within the next nine years,

around 470 km per year have to be constructed.

DENA I + II Zusätzlicher Bedarf

nach DENA II

3.600

Verbleibender Bedarf

nach DENA I

760

Bisher realisiert

2005 2011 2015 2020

Grid extension according to DENA grid study I und II

time

Necessary grid extension (in km)

35 km / year 470 km / year

4,450

214* 636

3,600

* Source: BNetzA, Monitoring Report 2011

Nuclear phase out and further deployment of

renewable energies exacerbate regional grid

bottlenecks: 4,450 km new lines are needed

So far realised Residual demand

according to DENA I

Additional demand

according to DENA II


New Technologies

Hydro

Wind onshore

Biomass

Wind offshore

Activities of RWE Innogy in the European market for

renewable energies

GER

UK

Spain Portugal

France Switzerland

Czech

Republic

NL

BE

Poland

Italy

EU: steep increase in power supply from RES

Electricity supply from RES in EU (TWh)

TWh

RES share

in gross electricity

consumption (%) 11.6 13.0 14.2 13.6 12.7 12.6 15.1 14.2 16.4 13.6 19.9 18.3 13.6

Including biogas and RES share

of municipal waste

For pumped storage power plants

only generation from natural inflow

Gross electricity consumption =

gross electricity generation plus

import minus export

1

1

2

2

3

3

Source: BMU, ZSW, Eurostat, own illustration


The offshore challenge and RWE‘s approach: Cover the

entire project life cycle

Development Construction Operation &

Maintenance

Covering the entire project life cycle ensures that construction and

especially O&M requirements are already considered in earlier project

phases

Close collaboration between employees of all three project phases

also allows for lessons learned to be quickly adopted for future

projects


German Offshore - Wind Parks

> The energy concept of the federal government provides to build offshore wind farms by 2030 with 25 GW

of rated power and investment of € 75 billion

> Including the test wind farm Alpha Ventus, there are 26 wind farm projects (9,304 MW) in the North Sea

and four (1,136 MW) in the Baltic Sea in operation, under construction or approved

Source: VDI Nachrichten, BSH, September 2012

Installed capacity and energy supply from photovoltaic

installations in Germany

19,3

40

11,7

29

6,5

83

4,4

20

3,0

75

2,2

20

1,2

82

556

313

162

76

64

42

32

26

16

11

86321

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

24,000

26,000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

[MW

p ]

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

24,000

26,000

[GW

h]

Electricity supply [GWh]

installed capacity [MWp]

Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat);

1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh; 1 MW = 1 Mill. Watt; image: BMU / Bernd Müller; as at: July 2012; all figures provisional

2011: 25,039 MWp

Development of power supply and installed capacity

of PV assets in Germany

Reduction of primary energy

consumption by 50% until 2050

(baseline 2008)

Reduction of gross electricity

consumption by 25% until 2050

(baseline 2008)

Growing share of renewables of 80% in

gross electricity consumption by 2050

(to date 15%)

Growing share of renewables of 60% in

gross final energy consumption by 2050

Reduction of GHG by 80% - 95%

(baseline 1990)

The Energy Concept of the German Federal Government:

main objectives

Share of renewables in gross

final energy consumption

Share of electricity generation

from renewables in gross

electricity consumption Greenhouse gas emissions (100%=1990)

Primary energy consumption (100%= 2008)*

Electricity consumption (100%= 2008)*

* Concrete data only available for the years 2020 and 2050

More renewables, less emissions

%

0

20

40

60

80

100

2020 2030 2040 2050

18

30

45

60

35

50

65

80

- 50%

- 80%

bis - 95%

- 25%

The German electricity system is to be completely

re-structured by 2050

20%

RE

2050

Non-RE

generation

2050

Efficiency

gains until

2050 100%

German

generation

2050

Electricity

generation

2008

German

imports

2050

Electricity

demand

2050

= 80% of German

generation 2050

Source: Gross electricity generation according to 'Energieszenarien' (EWI, GWS, Prognos), table A I-7, scenario II A.

285.2 TWh RE

of 352.6 TWh

total generation

in Germany

92.3 TWh RE*

of 637.3 TWh

total generation

in Germany 14,5%

80% 56%

16%

40%

24%

20%

Triplication of RE generation

Bisection of electricity generation in Germany

* RE = renewable energy; RES = renewable energy sources

Extremely ambitious core aspects of the energy

scenarios


The capacity of the German North Sea grid is insufficient and

one of the main hurdles for offshore wind to be overcome


A necessary condition for the implementation of

ambitious offshore projects: grid connection in time!

Source: E.ON Netz

In Germany, an investor currently has to wait over 50 months for the grid connection of an offshore wind farm, and this well beyond the date when the final investment decision has been taken – an unacceptible situation!

Pursuant to EnWG1, the regional transmission system operator (TSO) is responsible for the grid connection of offshore wind farms

Grid connection in Germany

Advantage – grid connection has to be financed by the TSO

Disadvantages: Uncertainties in project planning with

respect to timely grid connection of wind farms

Higher complexity due to additional interfaces

Massive delays in grid connections

Development of grid connections pursuant to 'Positionspapier

der Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA)'

1EnWG: German Energy Industry Act

German Federal Government: offshore liability regime

and introduction of offshore grid development plan

> The German Federal Government tries to tackle

current problems in offshore wind development by:

> Third Act Revising the Legislation Governing the

Energy Sector

> The major focus is on a system change towards a

consistent and efficient offshore grid expansion by

introducing a binding offshore grid development

plan.

– This shall improve coordination of grid

connections and offshore wind farms.

> In addition, a compensation regulation for the

construction and operation of grid connections to

offshore wind farms shall be introduced.

– A wind farm operator will have a damage claim

against the responsible power transmission grid

operator in cases of interruptions or delays of

the establishments of the grid connection of

offshore wind farms

> First evaluation:

> Regarding compensation rules in case of late grid

connection the Bill in general goes into the right

direction; but some further adjustments are crucial

for the offshore wind industry

> Regarding the general future system for grid

connection (system shift) there are some doubts if it

really comes to more investment security and

acceleration in the process

> Development of a future offshore grid development

plan and planned process lead to strong influence of

regulator (timing, compensation, etc)

> RWE Innogy will closely monitor the further steps

within the parliamentary procedure and prepare

further thorough assessment once the Bill will have

passed the legislative process

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Integration of renewable energies into the grids - International Energy … · 2014-11-10 · Integration of renewable energies into the grids Workshop: Comparing the Brazilian and