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Didier LAFFAILLEFrench energy regulator Paris, 27th of March 2014
Integration of renewable energies into distribution grids:Innovation and comparative views France - Germany
French distribution grids – Overview and perspectives
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Table of contents
Regulator’s missions
The context: new electricity uses and new players
Smart grids solutions
Regulation and smart grids
Conclusion
Sources : CRE (FR) – Unless otherwise specified
Regulation is the core of the missions of the CRE
Market monitoring- Renewables support- Regulation of access to incumbent nuclear electricity (ARENH)- Monitoring transactions on the electricity and gas markets
Grid regulation …- Tariffs- Investments- Quality, security, safety- Markets integration in Europe- Independence, non-discrimination- Dispute Resolution
… for the benefit of end consumers
Market monitoring- Estimation of contribution to thepublic electricity service (CSPE)- Regulated sale tariffs
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Table of contents
Regulator’s missions
Context: new electricity uses and new players
Smart grids solutions
Regulation and smart grids
Conclusion
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There are two types of grid operator The transmission grid operator which transports big quantities of electricity on long distances
The distribution grid operator which carries electricity to all consumers (individuals, craftsmen,SMB and small industries)
French electricity system
Source : ERDF(FR)
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Today, grids are characterised by centralised and unidirectional management ofenergy from production to consumption.
The transmission grid is a mesh network that transports electricity to the distribution grid.
Electric flows are monitored in real time with measuring instruments, command andcontrol equipment.
The distribution grid transports electricity to consumers, in a tree structure.
The distribution is not originally designed to collect electricity
These grids must be thoroughly reconfigured to integrate large-scale decentralizedproduction from renewable sources.
Structure of electricity grids
The European Union has set ambitious targets for renewable energies
Government's objectives for 2020
– Wind 25 000 MW (7.400 MW end December 2013)
– Photovoltaic 5 400 MW (3 700 MW end December 2013)
Directive 2009/28/EC
Share of energy from renewablesources in gross final
consumption of energy, 2005(S2005)
Target for share of energy fromrenewable sources in gross final
consumption of energy, 2020(S2020)
France 10,3 % 23 %
French Wind farm objectives
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Renewable generation is greatly increasing
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Evolution of the number and installed capacities of photovoltaic and wind installationsconnected to distributions grids
Wind and photovoltaic generation is greatly increasing
Source : CRE –Data ERDF (FR)
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Example (1) : Highly developed distributed generation in Denmark
Distributed generation implies a change in the system management
20 years
Source : Energinet (DK) – 2005
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Example (2) : intermittence of wind generation on one of the German transmission grids
Renewable energy development makes generation forecasts moredifficult
Source : 50 Hz (DE) – 2014
Need to limit the impact on quality of supply
– Grid developments to grant access to new decentralised production
– Voltage variations management
Distributed and irregular generation implies a change in distributionsystems
Predictable loadNo generation
Distributed and irregular generationaffects load and voltage levels
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Annual power consumption tends to stabilise
Different forecasts show a stabilisation of power consumption
Source : RTE (FR) – 2013
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Power peak demands are higher and higher
New electricity uses cause an increase of peak demand periods
Source : RTE (FR) – 2013
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Table of contents
Regulator’s missions
Context: new electricity uses and new players
Smart grids solutions
Regulation and Smart grids
Conclusion
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Smart grid transform grid management:
Greater load management : Peak curtailment and load adjustment
Transmission & distribution losses reduction (technical and non-technical)
Dynamic asset management Grid operation and maintenance : improved reliability and efficiency
Better monitoring and controlling of the grid : telecontrol, automatic reconfiguration, self-healingoperations
Faults detection and analysis Targeted maintenance
Smart planning / grid development To welcome distributed generation To welcome new uses (electric vehicles, etc.) Help in grid sizing
Benefits for the grid at a glance
SCADA
DGSIGAMI
PHEV
DSM
V2G
DMS
WAMS
HVDC
FACTS
DER
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Smart grid performances rely on a triple infrastructure:
Measuring and action infrastructure : sensors and operating mechanisms are set on the gridgiving informations, measures and controls
Communication grid on the measuring infrastructure
Information and calculation system
Smart metering system can be a part of
the sensors infrastructure, or the basis of
the communication system. It serves
the grid management.
From smart metering to smart grid(1/3)
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From smart metering to smart grid(2/3)
Réseau WAN(GPRS, RTC /
Internet…)
Concentrateur
Systèmed’information
centralisé(GRD)
CPL
SI comptage
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From smart metering to smart grid(3/3)
Réseau WAN(GPRS, RTC /
Internet…)
Concentrateur
Systèmed’information
centralisé(GRD)
CPL
SI comptage + SI réseau
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Until now, system balance was reached by acting on generation. Tomorrow, balancewill be reached by acting on consumption
Thanks to smart grid technologies, consumers can adapt their electricity needs toirregular supply
From consumers to prosumers
Grids Grids
Predictable and flexiblegeneration
Consumption dimlycontrollable
Increasingly irregulargeneration
More and morecontrollableconsumption
Yesterday Today
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Producers connected to distribution grids can participate to ancillary services:
New reserves are disponible for grid operators
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New communication technologies have resulted in DSM innovation
Bluepod (Voltalis), energy manager (Ergelis), EnerNoc (E-U), enbrin (EDF), EcoWatt (RTE)
Linky smart meters will allow selective power cut
Demand side management and demand response increase withnew technologies
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Storage has to be developed to help grid operators to ensure the stability of the systemduring the peak hours.
Photovoltaic tenders for insular areas now require that solar panels are equipped withbatteries.
The electric vehicle could become a storage means.
Storage is a new issue for electricity system
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Table of contents
Regulator’s missions
Context: new electricity uses and new players
Smart grids solutions
Regulation and smart grids
Conclusion
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Forecasts of the cost of smart grid rollout differ enormously
At a minimum level, the cost could be equivalent to a smart meter project
5,0 G€ for the Linky project of ERDF
Additional costs will result from the need for additional functions (e.g. grid instruments andIT development), with impacts due to grid instrumentation and developments oninformation systems
450 €/user (according to EEGI), 15 G€ in France
The first costs/benefits analysis has been realised by the british regulator (Ofgem) on thecomplete value chain shows benefits for users:
Costs : £ 10.9 billion, benefits : £ 17.1 billion et net benefits : £ 6.2 billion
The economic model of a smart grid is not yet established
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Encourage R&D investments and preserve a high level of efficacity
Should research and development costs be subject to incentive mecanisme?
Extra-remuneration for these investments?
Specific financial mecanism?
OPEX dedicated to R&D covered by the tariff without ceiling?
Which criteria for covering R&D costs?
Definition of performance indicators
Possibility to lead a costs/benefits analysis a posteriori
Precise monitoring of projects?
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Charging the electric vehicleAn example of regulatory challenges
Users should be able to choose their electricity supplier wherever vehicles areconnected
Public and private electric vehicle system equipment connexion to electricity grid rechargewill need grid reinforcement
Electric vehicle charging could have major consequences on the electric system
Source :RTE (FR)
Exemple de courbe de consommation(en 2025)
Courbe de consommation intégrant« idéalement » la charge des VE
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Issues for regulator : support grid operators in new challenges they have to face …
… at cadence industrially et financially sustainable for all players …
… closely with system operators, consumers, suppliers of energy and services andmanufacturers …
… for final consumers benefit.
The French energy regulator cares for grids evolution
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Table of contents
Regulator’s missions
Context: new electricity uses and new players
Smart grids solutions
Regulation and smart grids
Conclusion
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With the same electricity mix, needs for investments into the grids will benevertheless really high: Improvement of distribution grid quality
Grid modernisation (smart grids)
Grid extension
Grid reinforcement
Needs of distribution grid reinforcement are more important to connect distributedgeneration (management of the intermittent and no pilotable generation, connection nonoptimum)
Reinforcement of electric interconnections will respond, for the most part, to issueslinked with evolution of the electricity mix (better manage increasing renewablegeneration in Europe thanks to the numerous regimes of wind and sun)
Transition from a energy mix to another will have major consequences on grids costs
Evolution of the electricity mix will have consequences on theelectricity grid investments
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Over “marketing concept” of billions euros, smart grids are :
surely a solution to problems due to the conjunction “renewable energies et market opening”
a solution to reach “20/20/20” objectives
a big effort for industrial R&D
a path of progress and technological innovation
Smart grids are not only a marketing concept, but also natural evolution of grids
Smart grids are to be made
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Smart grids
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Quelles évolutions des réseaux électriquesfrançais ?
Cécile GeorgeCommission de régulation de l’énergie
Journée scientifique Digitéo – 25 novembre 2009
Didier LAFFAILLEHead of technical departmentFrench energy regulator
Thank your for your attention.
www.smartgrids-cre.fr
