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Integrating Environmental and Social Data -. mechanisms for meeting challenges to providing access to scientific data. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CODATA May 2007
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Integrating Environmentaland Social Data -
Workshop on Strategies for Permanent Access to Scientific Information in Latin America: Focus
on Health and Environmental Information for Sustainable Development
Atibaia, SP, Brazil
Marjorie McGuirkNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Climatic Data Center Asheville, North Carolina, USA
mechanisms for meeting challenges to providing access to
scientific data
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As a global Earth Observation System revolutionizes our understanding of the Earth and
how it works, the challenge is to connect the scientific dots; build a system of systems that
will yield the science on which sound policy must be built, for the benefit of society
everywhere.
Group on Earth Observations System of Systems – GEOSS
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What are the current challenges and barriers to providing open and permanent access to scientific
data and information?• Important societal issues require data from many disciplines and data systems• Daunting challenges of vastly increasing data volumes
• Data exchange is power intensive – the creation, storage and movement of 10 megabytes of data uses nearly a kilogram of coal
• As more data are exchanged on-line, bandwidth limitations and distance matters more – faster to move a petabyte around the world on a ship than on-line
• Ownership protection become more problematic for data providers as well as data recipients
• Interdisciplinary Language problems and pertinent data on different time and space scales (e.g., health)
• Epidemiological data on episode basis, vs. climate on routine cycle in fixed locations• Health data collected, stored by individual institutes – varied standards and content• Privacy issues with health data; funding issues with climate data
• Incompatible formats between science disciplines - thousands –(e.g., environmental data)
• Naming standards – Surface Air Temperature• Meteorology (WMO) named “Temperature/dry bulb temperature• Meteorology (air pollution) named “Boundary layer temperature”• Oceanography named “Air Temperature”
• Location standards (latitude, longitude, elevation)• Lat/Lon can be degrees/minutes/seconds or degrees to tenths and hundredths • Latitude E/W, 0-180 positive and negative, or 0-360 running east or west• Z used to designate elevation in both atmosphere and ocean but positive is up in the atmosphere and down in the ocean
• Formats (>50 formats used within NOAA; translators and standards needed)• GRIB, NetCDF, HDF and others used for gridded data• BUFR, NetCDF, and many others used for observations
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What are the current challenges and barriers to providing open and permanent
access to scientific data and information?
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Example Problem: Coastal Inundation & Erosion involves environmental and social data systems
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What are some of the most promising existing mechanisms for providing access to scientific data and information?
• Group on Earth Observation System of Systems• Cooperative programs enhance access and ensure data and products
of enduring value are preserved for future generations• GEO – Integrated Data Environment is a key component of integration
of environmental and interdisciplinary scientific data • Promising existing models
• Using geographic information systems• Using common syntax• Using GEO NET-CAST– Several examples
• International cooperative programs • World Meteorological Organization Resolutions #40 and #25 ensures
open access to data for global exchange• International cooperative activities provides means of data exchange
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Most Promising and existing models
• GEOSS – near term opportunities– Drought, coastal inundation and flooding, storms, air
quality– GEO-IDE
Coordinated development
GEO Architecture Subgroup • Brazil, France, Japan, United States, WMO, ESA
GEO Capacity Building Subgroup • Argentina, Belize/CCAD, Brazil, Israel, Republic of
Congo, United States
GEO Data Utilization Subgroup• Brazil, Canada, United States, ECMWF
GEO User Requirements Subgroup• Canada, Italy, United Kingdom
GEO International Cooperation Subgroup• Australia, United States, IOC
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•
Global Earth Observation Integrated Data Environment (GEO-IDE) A key mechanism for providing access to
scientific data and information
Metadata standards (ISO 19115 with remote sensing extensions)
Standard formats for delivery of data products (WMO, NetCDF, HDF, GeoTIF, JPEG)
Based on “Web Services”
Based upon standards
Data (e.g. CF, FGDC, SO, SQL)
Access (e.g., OGC, http)
Transport (OPeNDAP, HTTP, FTP)
Environmental data – terrain, rainfall and river level integrated and displayed graphically with social data – roads, buildings, infrastructure,
population – allows scenario generation, communication of potential hazards (as in the flood example here).
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Existing Model – Storms and Population example
Areas with 4 inches of rain impacted 554,246 Families798,348 Households 908,155 House Units2,098,223 People
•Integrate Environmental and Social Data•Develop Climate Inventories of Storms•Compare Storm Distribution to populations at Risk•Improve Disaster Assessment & Response
Using NOAA’s radar data & 2000 US Census data, determine who was affected by heavy rainfall during Hurricane Charley. NOAA and UNC - Asheville
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NOAA & the Uruguayan Meteorological Service enter cooperative project on data rescue. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) donated digital equipment used for the project.
Images received from the Uruguayan Meteorological Service and the Uruguayan Navy Include: 42,000 + images through February 2006
This includes 6 synoptic stations with observations early as the 1930’s and as recent as early 2004.
NCDC is developing a keying format and keying should begin by Summer 2006.
Total imaging/keying for this multi-year project involves data from over 30+ stations totaling nearly 1,000,000 records
Example project in Uruguay
Identify one or more potential cooperative activities in Latin America for subsequent discussion for providing
access to scientific data and information
• Shared satellite product development
• South AmericaDrought Monitoring• Data digitizing• Analysis• Product development• Using GEO Net-Cast
Ulisses E.C. Confalonieri, MD; DVM; DSc
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April 2007NOAA's GOES-10 satellite
repositioned over South America
Potential Additional Activity
Shared development of Satellite Data Products –- using Earth observations and strengthening data networks advances GEOSS partnerships with countries and scientific organizations in the Western Hemisphere, including Argentina, Brazil, Belize, Canada, Chile, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay and the United States
Gilberto Câmara, Ph.D., director of Brazil's National Space Research Institute (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais). Retired Navy Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Ph.D., undersecretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator
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Potential Additional ActivitiesA National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS)
Goals & Objectives - Implement an integrated drought monitoring & forecasting system (implementar um
sistema nacional de monitorização e forecasting para secas)
• Create drought early warning system(Criar um sistema de alerta para secas)
• Provide interactive delivery systems via web (Fornecer sistemas interactivos de entrega atravês da web)
• Provide education of drought impacts and why drought occurs (Fornecer educação sobre os impactes de secas e explicar porque razão as secas ocorrem)
• Improved predictive capabilities (Melhorar as capacidades de previsão)
• Includes information for drought mitigation (Inclui informação para mitigar os efeitos da seca)
NIDIS an early opportunity for USGEO (http://usgeo.gov/)
Physical Science & Socioeconomic
Research
Observe
Monitor and Predict
Analyze
Inform
Risk Reduction Research
Make Decisions & Take Action
Plan
Educate
NIDIS Operations
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Potential Additional International Projects • Foreign Climate Data Imaging by NOAA’s Central
Library- Project goal of the project is to preserve and disseminate unique climatological data from historical sources.
• Period of record covers 1830s through the 1970s with most data from the period prior to 1960. Each series typically includes observations for a number of meteorological and other geophysical parameters.
Involves documents
from over 14 countries
in Africa, 8 in Asia, 6 in
Europe, 10 in North
America, 1 Pacific Island
and 8 in South America.
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Data/Observations from a variety of observing systems
Management of these data
Analysis of these data
Applied Research
Paleoclimate
Detecting/attribution
Decision support tools / assessments
Challenges and promising models – access to scientific data
Important societal issues often require:
XIV Brazilian Meteorological Congress 27 November 2006, John J Bates, NOAA<http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/download/CWG%20Brief%20Read%20Ahead%20Cover-1.pdf>