Energy and Environmental Sustainability: Social and Economic Perspectives Environmental Change and...
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Energy and Environmental Sustainability: Social and Economic Perspectives Environmental Change and Sustainable Social Development 2.3 - Integrating Economic,
Energy and Environmental Sustainability: Social and Economic
Perspectives Environmental Change and Sustainable Social
Development 2.3 - Integrating Economic, Environmental, and Social
Perspectives Stacia J. Harper, BS, MS, ABD Energy Economist, Ohio
Partners for Affordable Energy Ohio, USA Karen V. Harper-Dorton,
PhD, MSW MA Professor, School of Social Work West Virginia
University, West Virginia USA
Slide 2
Presentation Agenda (1) Social and Economic Perspective (2)
Energy and Social Equity (3) Energy, Environment, Equity
Slide 3
Hierarchy of Human Need As societies around the world become
more affluent, demand for good and services will increase. As
personal consumption increases, so does societal consumption.
Energy is critical to meeting demands of vulnerable
populations---water, health care, technology, transportation,
lighting, and much more. Environmental Sustainability the
production of energy generates 80% of CO2 emissions worldwide
Stages of Economic Development Walt W. Rostow, American
Economic Historian High Mass Consumption (service economy, leisure)
Drive to Maturity (diversification, capital intense ) Take Off
(industrialization / mass production) Transitional (external trade,
surpluses, specialization) Traditional Society (subsistence,
agriculture) Higher Affluence = Higher Preference Lower Affluence
=Lower Preference
Slide 6
Energy for a Sustainable Future UN Secretary-Generals Advisory
Group on Energy and Climate Change (AGECC)
http://www.un.org/wcm/webdav/site/climatechange/shared/Documents/AGECC%20summary%20report[1].pdf
Accessible, reliable, and renewable supplies of energy are
fundamental to economic development and social equity worldwide.
Key Goals: (1) Universal access to modern energy by 2030 (2) Reduce
global energy intensity by 40% by 2030
Slide 7
Environmental Social Work: What is our role? Humanity, social
welfare, economics merge from an historical perspective of global
development but lack a prescriptive view for emerging realities of
climate change, global warming, and equitable access for affordable
energy and equality for those in developing nations throughout the
world.
Slide 8
Energy poverty is a lack of access to modern energy services.
These services are defined as household access to electricity and
clean cooking facilities (e.g. fuels and stoves that do not cause
air pollution in houses). Modern energy services are crucial to
human well-being and to a countrys economic development; and yet
globally over 1.3 billion people are without access to electricity
and 2.7 billion people are without clean cooking facilities, 84%
are in rural areas.
Slide 9
Global Warming - Cause for Concern? Potential Impacts
Agricultural Production/Output mix Increased frequency in natural
disaster event (i.e., monsoon, droughts) Land use changes Health
Increased invasive species Access to fresh water Temperature
changes Disproportionate Impact on Developing countries Constrained
budgets State of and availability of technology for adaptation
Slide 10
Stages of Economic Growth and Energy Utilization?
Pre-industrial Underdeveloped or agrarian economy Manual labor Low
energy use Low per capita incomes Industrial Developing economy
High priority for output expansion Rapidly expanding development of
natural resource Technologies are characterized by high emissions
and low efficiencies Increasing energy use for production Rising
per capita incomes Post-Industrial Developed economy Economy base
converts to service or information based Energy use stabilizes or
falls Low production/energy intensity Higher efficiencies Ability
and willingness to enhance environmental quality Leisure
Slide 11
Kuznet Curve History 1954 Simon Kuznet, Presidential Address,
Economic Growth and Income Inequality As per capita income rises,
income inequality will rise to a certain point, and then improve.
1971 Simon Kuznet Nobel price in economics Observation of inverted
U shaped curve for per capita income and income inequality
relationship
Slide 12
Environmental Kuznet Curve Environmental Kuzent Curve (EKS)*
Systematic (national or regional) relationship between income
changes and environmental quality aka pollution Observed
concentrations of SO2 actually decreased as incomes rose and
consumption increased after a certain point of income was reached.
*Grossman and Krueger (1991)
Slide 13
Grow First then Clean-Up Beginning Stages of Industrialization
Pollution in the environmental Kuznets curve grows rapidly because
people are more interested in jobs and income than clean air and
water. Communities are too poor to pay for abatement Environmental
regulation is weak Post Industrialization Industrial sectors become
cleaner, search for greater efficiencies Growing awareness and
concern for environment as greater leisure is achieved Increased
environmental regulations
Slide 14
Kuznet, Rostow, Maslow
Slide 15
Energy=Input : Electricity=Product Labor Coal Natural Gas Water
Bio-Mass Wind Solar ELECTRICITY IS A PRODUCT a DISTRIBUTED SERVICE
Lighting Potable Water Heating/Cooling Technologies Health care,
Information,
Slide 16
Electricity: Generated, Supplied and Utilized at a Point in
Time Smart Grid is a concept and vision that represents the novel
convergence of several different groups of technologies traditional
power sector transmission and distribution technologies,
information and communication technologies, advanced power
electronics and control devices, sensing and monitoring equipment,
and cybersecurity systemsas well as the operational practices that
integrate these technologies into unified systems. Bringing
producers and consumers together for sustainable, accessible,
equitable energy utilization is a national-level concern in support
of global sustainability.
http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/our_work/smart_grid/inde
x.html
Slide 17
N etwork: Integrated Microgrids energyinformation.org