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INTEGRATED INTEGRATED
UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCESUTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCESSynergy examplesSynergy examples
based on based on Joint Slovak-Hungarian MonitoringJoint Slovak-Hungarian Monitoring
Prepared for
Plenipotentiary of the Slovak Republic
for Construction and Operation of
Gabcikovo-Nagymaros
Hydroelectric Power Project
Prof. Igor Mucha, Dr.Sc., RNDr. Dalibor Rodák, PhD.,
RNDr. Zoltán Hlavatý, PhD., RNDr. Ľubomír Banský, PhD.
GROUND WATER Consulting, Ltd.,
Slovak Governmental Plenipotentiary Expert Group
DANUBE REGION STRATEGYDANUBE REGION STRATEGY
The economic situation in the European Union The economic situation in the European Union is, at least, not in the pinkis, at least, not in the pink
We all need an economic success and We all need an economic success and visible progressvisible progress
We need fulfillment of objectives
of the Establishment of European Union
Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning
of the European Union Article 9 and 191,
PRUDENT AND RATIONAL UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Synergy Examples of prudent and rational Synergy Examples of prudent and rational utilization of natural resourcesutilization of natural resources
Based on Common Slovak - Hungarian Monitoring
&
Specific Danube Conditions
with the goal to support integrated projects with macro regional benefits
important for the success of the EU Strategy
There is no Danube stretch without human interventionThere is no Danube stretch without human intervention
The River Danube itself and its surrounding can play the most important role in The River Danube itself and its surrounding can play the most important role in the Danube Region Strategy, mainly: the Danube Region Strategy, mainly: Navigation improvement,Navigation improvement,
use of hydro-potentialuse of hydro-potential, drinking water, , drinking water, water for nature and agriculturewater for nature and agriculture, , landscape, landscape, flood protectionflood protection, , water forwater for sport, recreation, sport, recreation, industry,industry, etc.etc.
Bratislava – Budapest Danube Water Management
dams
Mikovini map (1733) and present state of the Danube
Since the era of theking Bela the IV, 1235 to 1270, the water management consists, step by step, from straighteningof riverbed, excavations, flood protection, navigation measures,riverbank fortification, closure of branches, etc.
Inundation had been decimated, river flow velocities doubled,
flow rate is the same. It is no more the natural Danube, but still the Danube with valuable nature close habitats.
Original floodplain
alluvial fan
Alps
Car
pathia
ns
Basic specific integration points:Basic specific integration points:Danube – water – alluvial fan – navigation – energy Danube – water – alluvial fan – navigation – energy
Highly permeable extensive aquiferHighly permeable extensive aquiferThe Danube flows on the top of its fan – The Danube flows on the top of its fan – flooding dangerflooding danger
The Danube water infiltrates into the alluvial aquiferThe Danube water infiltrates into the alluvial aquiferHuge groundwater recharge - excellent water qualityHuge groundwater recharge - excellent water quality
Specific inundation, nature close habitatsSpecific inundation, nature close habitats
Flood water level Original inundation
present
Aquifer; Gravel depth 10 - up to 400 m
Permeability 0.001 – 0.01 m/s
Main (imperative) objective Flood protection of large areas behind flood protective dikes and
reduction of peek flood discharges downstream
Flooded area
1965
in Slovakia
Protection measures?
10 km
Large infrastructure projectsLarge infrastructure projects with the with the perspective of all perspective of all mutual synergiesmutual synergies such as: such as:
protection against flood, water transport, protection against flood, water transport, use of hydropower, water supply, use of hydropower, water supply,
agriculture, silviculture, hygiene and water agriculture, silviculture, hygiene and water born diseases, recreation, reduction of born diseases, recreation, reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions, etc., according greenhouse gas emissions, etc., according to our experience, to our experience, evaluateevaluate in advance in advance environmental impactsenvironmental impacts and and determinedetermine, ,
effective and safeguard effective and safeguard measuresmeasures. Financial . Financial and social effect should not be neglected.and social effect should not be neglected.
Some examples:Some examples:
GabčíkovoGabčíkovo stretch stretch
Cross sectionCross section
Protected IProtected Inundnundationation
Main SynergiesMain Synergies::
Flood protectionFlood protectionNavigationNavigationWater supplyWater supplyEnergyEnergyNature protectionNature protection- Care of biotops- Care of biotopsAgricultureAgricultureForestry . . . . . . .Forestry . . . . . . .
Waterworks Samorin
Flood protection dikes
The Danube The Danube Floodplain Floodplain
supplied with supplied with flowing flowing water water
is is protected areaprotected area
Flowing water Flowing water means better self means better self
purification purification processesprocesses
NATURA 2000 sites (NATURA 2000 sites (Birds, Birds, HabitatsHabitats) on the Slovak area) on the Slovak area
Lesson:
Most of heavy modified and artificial water bodies
and attached areas are protected
Excellent wintering and breading conditions for
waterfowl
Joint Monitoring – Ground Water RegimeJoint Monitoring – Ground Water Regime long-term ground water level decreaselong-term ground water level decrease
KomarnoKomarnoSapSap
BratislavaBratislava
result
Example of previous long term Ground Water Level DecreaseExample of previous long term Ground Water Level Decrease
Cunovo reservoirCunovo reservoir
BratislavaBratislava
SapSap
KomarnoKomarno
Increase of ground water level after filling Increase of ground water level after filling the through-flowing reservoir with water the through-flowing reservoir with water
Cunovo reservoirCunovo reservoir
BratislavaBratislava
SapSap
KomarnoKomarno
Ground Water Level Contour Lines (2000 mGround Water Level Contour Lines (2000 m33/s)/s) change of flow directionchange of flow direction
Cunovo reservoirCunovo reservoir
SapSap
19921992 19931993
KomarnoKomarno
RusovceRusovce
Joint Monitoring – Ground Water QualityJoint Monitoring – Ground Water Quality result result ——>> change of chemical composition change of chemical composition
RusovceRusovce
18 mg/l18 mg/l
30 mg/l30 mg/l
Example of Culmination of water levels and flow rates during the flood event in AUGUST 2002
Station, River km
Time of Culmination (day, hour)
Max. Water level
Hmax (cm)
Max.Flow Qmax
(m3s-1)
Difference from previous station
(m3s-1)
Bratislava-Devín, 1879, 78
16.8., 1-2 948 10390 -
Bratislava, 1868,75 16.8., 2-4 991 10310 80
Medveďov, 1806,30 17.8., 3-6 852 9240 Gabčíkovo 1070
Komárno, 1767,80 17.-18.8., 22-1
842 8940 300
Budapest 20.8. 8250 690 + X
Difference Devín - Budapest
2140 + X
X – flow rate of the Danube confluents between Devin and Budapest, approximately 300 – 400 m3/s. Peak flow in Budapest was lower by app. 2500 m3/s than the peak flow in Bratislava
Peek Flood Water Storage inside of aquifer was Peek Flood Water Storage inside of aquifer was estimated to estimated to 580 m580 m33/s/s in this area in this area
Increase of GW level 48 hours after flood culmination in
August 2002
Legend
GWL difference in m
Example of present navigation obstaclesExample of present navigation obstacles between Bratislava and Budapestbetween Bratislava and BudapestNo obstacles between Bratislava and Sap
Navigation on the Danube in 2003 examples of bottleneck duration in days (Danube Commission)
Name of the stretch, rkm, Depth (dm), Duration (days, %)Venek* N 1799 11 - 25 162 44,4Nyerges* SK-HU N 1735 13 - 25 175 47,9Ebed* N 1730 17 - 25 124 34,0Dorog* N 1722 16 - 22 141 38,6Helemba* N 1711 15 - 25 149 40,8Domos N 1699 14 - 25 166 45,5Vac N 1680 13 - 25 174 47,7God HU N 1667 13 - 25 173 47,4Budapest N 1652 13 - 25 173 47,4Ercsi 1616 14 - 25 166 45,5Solt 1558 14 - 25 172 47,1
*Joint Slovak-Hungarian stretch; N – Nagymaros hydropower stretch
New water stream new eupotamal
Interconnection of main arms, conditions for preservation various water formations
(river arms of all types, lakes, inundation pools, water holes etc).
All between the Water supply from by-pass protective canal and/or from the Old dikes. Danube. Crossing the old river bed by the new water stream at several places. Various hydrological conditions. Revival of the arm mouths, interconnection of arms, etc.
Proposal example
Objectives – Benefits – Impacts
Community – Nature resources
? Integration Synergy ?
Integration of the Community Integration of the Community environmental policy with environmental policy with
the sustainable development the sustainable development and prudent and rational and prudent and rational
utilization of natural utilization of natural resources, using available resources, using available
scientific and technical data, scientific and technical data, monitoring, regional monitoring, regional
conditions, and proper conditions, and proper transposition of WFD in transposition of WFD in
conformity with the conformity with the European Community PolicyEuropean Community Policy
TTT Project
Slovak Republic is offering, as an input into the Danube Region
the TTT Project, which will contribute to
following objectives of the European Union
The TTT project:
Creates conditions for all kinds of connectivity, lies in the middle of the Danube Region, and almost in the middle of the EU
Creates conditions for exploration and construction of waterworks sites for piping and use of high quality potable groundwater in the extremely large quantities over large EU territory
Expects to improve navigation in the Danube in the section Hainburg - Bratislava, hydraulically connecting the Danube Navigation Project East of Vienna with the Hydropower plant Gabcikovo
Allows the use of the Danube hydro-potential, approximately 600 GWh per year.
Allows protection of the groundwater quality issues at Bratislava.
The TTT project:
Solves definitively the flood protection at Devin (from Hainburg to Bratislava) and at the mouth of the River Morava.
Allows navigability connection between the Danube and the Morava River, and improves the navigation security in this section
Preserves the Morava River in present state, and into the bargain, allows navigation from the Danube to the TTT project via navigation channel.
Ensures the flood protection downstream the river Morava from the TTT project area, down to the River Danube, using water management of the River Moravia and the shipping channel.
Offers hydraulic possibility to solve environmental problems in the protected areas in the lowland of Záhorská nizina, negatively affected after the World War II.
Supports protection and care of the ecosystems of the protected areas, or minimize the previous and present adverse impacts.
The TTT project:
Strongly supports the economy, trade, and jobs
Strongly supports the infrastructure of the territory and small SME projects, including housing
Strongly supports the knowledge society, knowledge-based organizations, educations, etc.
Supports multi cultural development
Creates opportunities to construct reverse pumping storage power station to support storage of wind and solar energy
In many aspects, supports measures to combat climate change (use of hydro-potential, transfer of road transport to rail and water, reducing traffic in light of the TTT project position in the middle of Region and the EU), and by various environmental protection measures.
Results of Joint Slovak – Hungarian Environmental Monitoring, are described in this anniversary publication.
Monitoring is dealing with environmental conditions and processes already influenced by hydraulic structures and water management.
Scientific research and interpretation of relations among water management and responds of the surrounding environment will help to prepare quantitative and qualitative prognoses based on previous long term development (causal relations) and further comprehensive modeling of various processes.
Thank you for attention
Publications:Publications:
WWW . GABCIKOVO . GOV . SK / DOC /WWW . GABCIKOVO . GOV . SK / DOC /
For more information, publications, documents see:For more information, publications, documents see:
1995 1999 1999 2003 2004 2006
We are looking for close cooperation on the prudent rational utilization of natural resources
in the Danube region
GROUND WATER Consulting, Ltd., Kolískova 1, Bratislava 4, SLOVAKIA