P V SCAE

Drive Evaluate Understand Decide

Integrated powertrain developmentMeet whole vehicle targets up front

Evaluate contributions from different sources and paths

Analyse rotating components and structural vibration sources

Locate and quantify airborne sources

Fine tune, debug final prototypes, sign off for launch

www.bksv.com/automotive

Pre-concept Concept Design/Pre-hardware Development/Launch

Evaluate

Make the correct decision with high confidence

Understand

Communicate

Customer satisfaction

Customer preference

Competitor benchmarking

Rig testingDevelopment

testing

CAE predictions

Supplier data

P

P

V

V

CAE S

CAE S

P V CAE

Evaluate NVH perception in authentic context

Enable customer clinics to assist with brand identification and customer-oriented, subjective target setting

Achieve consensus on brand sounds

Secure consensus within the engineering organisation on high level targets, especially relating to sound quality

Drive, evaluate, understand, decide Meet whole vehicle targets up frontThe PULSE NVH Vehicle Simulator portfolio is a set of tools for accurately reproducing the sound and vibration of a vehicle in a realistic interactive driving environment – quickly and cost-effectively.

Earlier concept evaluation

Simulator models created from test and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) data can be used early in a vehicle programme, enabling evaluation of different design concepts before real-world data exists.

Include all stakeholders in the target setting process

Engineers, key decision makers and customers can drive and evaluate future NVH designs in the correct whole-vehicle context.

Perception-driven target setting

Non-experts can evaluate future NVH designs in the true whole-vehicle context, giving faster, better decisions, lower cost and risk, and clear consensus on targets.

Communicate design alternatives in human terms

Drivable simulator models enable you to communicate effectively, demonstrating design options and evaluat-ing what-if scenarios to reach consistent, balanced judgments at any stage of a vehicle programme.

Integrate powertrain development

An idealised NVH target vehicle can be used throughout the entire development process, with targets cascaded for different groups like powertrain engineers.

Modern trends like creating smaller engines that fulfil strict emissions standards and produce more power bring numer-ous Noise Vibration and Harshness (NVH) challenges. Higher combustion forces, lower mass and new technologies can significantly alter the sound character of an engine.

An NVH simulator helps manage the complete development process by accurately recreating the driving experience and the sound that the driver will hear in real-time, based on data from rig testing, measured on-road vehicle data, and CAE model data.

With it, the effects of engine downsizing can be anticipated and experienced long before a representative prototype vehicle is built. The sound character of the whole vehicle can be tuned and adjusted based on the new powertrain, and targets can be set and monitored throughout the design process – and cascaded down for individual components.

Desktop NVH Simulator allows people to drive and evaluate detailed models for target or benchmark vehicle assessments.

• Change vehicles with one click • Assess virtual prototypes early on

Full-vehicle NVH Simulator lets stakeholders experience sound and vibration models in an actual stationary vehicle with a projected real-time driving scenario.

• Feel accurately simulated vibration

On-road Vehicle NVH Simulator evaluates the power-train harmonics of simulation models while driving a real vehicle – for the highest authenticity.

• Adjust sounds in real-time

PULSE NVH Vehicle Simulator

Exterior Sound Simulator auralises virtual exterior sound of moving vehicles to design and evaluate appropriate sounds for both quiet vehicles and ICE brand quality considerations.

• Evaluate alternatives with jury tools

Customer

Bring the customer’s voice into the engineering process

Enable customer preference studies

Assist target validation

Manage-ment

Engage key decision-makers directly in the NVH process

Get confident, robust engineer-ing decisions – including target sign-off

Powertrain engineer

Receive detailed NVH data from test and CAE integrated in the vehicle evaluation models

Vehicle engineer

Get quick target consensus among key stakeholders

Ensure clearly communicated targets and knowledge-sharing between departments

CAE engineer

Experience the real effects of any predicted CAE modifications

Supplier

Evaluate components (virtual or physical) in whole vehicle context

Communicate efficiently between supplier and vehicle manufacturer

Source path contribution tools

P V SCAE V PV CAE

Feed signature analysis findings back into the simulator

Constantly refine simulation models

Evaluate proposed engineering changes

Update CAE models using finite element correlation

Angle-domain analysis functions include cycle statistics such as min/max/mean/RMS/Peak-peak vs. cycle number

Pre-concept Concept Design/Pre-hardware Development/LaunchPre-concept Concept Design/Pre-hardware Development/Launch

Envelope and cepstrum analysis diagnoses repetitive movement patterns – such as in bearings

Angle-domain analysis allows cycle extraction and visualisation of data as a function of crank angle

Structural validation Machinery diagnostics

Modal testing checks targets are met and analyses vibration modes using state-of-the-art curve-fitting algorithms

Operating Deflection Shapes shows dynamic vibration patterns under operating conditions such as idle, constant speed or run up/coast down

Operational Modal Analysis provides modal parameter and shape estimation from operational measurements

Evaluate contributions from different sources and paths

Analyse rotating components and structural vibration sources

Predicting the engine sound for the driver and passengers is possible with Source Path Contribution (SPC) technology, which determines the individual contributions from engine mounts, intake, exhaust, and various engine surfaces.

Our unique time-domain SPC technology plays back engine sound contributions as they would be heard at the driver’s ear, and can predict interior levels from engine sound and vibration measured on a test bench, or in a vehicle.

An NVH simulator can combine data from a mixture of different sources including detailed SPC data, CAE data and decomposed in-vehicle sounds. The simulator model can thus be tailor-made for a given troubleshooting purpose, whether tuning intake/exhaust orifice sound, optimising engine mounts, or studying noise transmission paths. In turn, this facilitates effective cascading of responsibility between departments.

Rotating components are always potential noise and vibration sources. Their relative annoyance levels can be assessed in the simulator to set vehicle level-targets, but understanding how to meet those targets requires different tools.

The first step in a root cause analysis may use Operating Deflection Shapes to show how the engine and key components move at troublesome speeds and loads. Detailed analysis to understand the mechanisms contributing to particular noise issues can use Operational Modal Analysis to derive structural dynamic properties from an operating test. And classical modal analysis can provide a deeper insight into structural dynamics and a link to CAE analysis to solve design problems.

Engine, driveline, or front-end accessory NVH issues may benefit from analysis in the angle domain. Crank angle analysis can give insights into engine noise or vibration where the root cause may be related to combustion or mechanical excitation. Envelope and cepstral analysis provide insights into gear train and bearing issues.

Listen to individual source paths

Hear and assess the importance of individual sources and paths

Cascade NVH development responsibility (for example between vehicle NVH, powertrain NVH and system suppliers)

Easily communicate issues between engineering teams

Demonstrate developments to stakeholders

SPC Time Insight isolates sound paths, allowing you to switch them on and off, and listen over a time or RPM range. With it you can compare different sets of results back-to-back from the same or different tests. Modifications to the individual contributions of each noise path are easy to make using high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, notch, or user-defined FIR filters.

• Real-time playback, processing, modification and analysis

• Off-line processing, modification and analysis

Exterior Noise Contribution Analysis shows contributions of individual sources to the overall external noise signature of the vehicle. It is measured on a dynamometer at indoor pass-by microphone positions.

• Quickly and accurately quantifies noise source vs distance in the pass-by position

• Ready for the new pass-by legislation, which will increase the applicability of indoor pass-by testing

P V V

Ensure brand-appropriate signature with the customer

Mitigate issues with meeting quantitative targets

Listen for perceived quality assessment

Replay validation measurements in simulator

Pre-concept Concept Design/Pre-hardware Development/LaunchPre-concept Concept Design/Pre-hardware Development/Launch

Beamforming makes fast, ‘single-shot’ mapping of noise sources with an acoustic array

Crank angle analysis shows sound intensity versus time/crank angle using time-domain holography

Noise source identification technologies

Microphone arrays can get close to sources thanks to removable sections – among many models available from Brüel & Kjær

Sound quality metrics mapping projects subjective sound quality parameters onto physical objects, such as loudness and impulsiveness (for diesel engines)

Acoustic holography transforms sound data into a detailed 3D description of the sound field

Conformal mapping overlays holographic maps on a 3D object for simple comprehension

Spherical beamforming provides 360-degree acoustic mapping overlaid on an image taken using built-in cameras

P V S

Drive – Evaluate – Understand – Decide

Customer preference

Vehicle level targets

Target sign-offIdentify

component changes

Develop engineering solutions

Validate and sign-off proposed changes

P V SCAE

Locate and quantify airborne sources

Fine tune, debug final prototypes, sign off for launch

Once the key NVH issues have been identified, the challenge is to understand them and find their origins – an area where noise source identification using array acoustics plays a vital part.

Brüel & Kjær is a pioneer of array acoustics technology, and we have developed a suite of sophisticated tools for locat-ing and quantifying airborne noise sources in operating conditions. Array acoustics data such as that from individual panel contributions can be assessed while driving the NVH simulator model.

To the non-expert, this type of analysis is easy to understand as contributions can be switched on and off while driv ing in an NVH simulator – assisting rapid decisions.

For resolving final-stage issues prior to launch, an NVH simulator can help engineers demonstrate changes in the context of the whole vehicle’s NVH, so decision-makers can understand the cost-benefit balance of potential solutions. The result is consensus in the process and greater confidence in decisions and final sign-off.

After launch, cost reduction can be a major challenge when no degradation of performance is permitted. Individual cost reduction measures may have little effect, but when combined with others can degrade NVH significantly. NVH simula-tors can help make a balanced assessment of a collection of individual cost reduction measures, to find the optimal combination that has the least impact on NVH while delivering the desired cost savings.

An NVH simulator can thus play a part in every stage of

the development process, supported by specialist tools

when deeper root-cause analysis is necessary.

When integrated into an NVH simulator model, results

from all of these tools can be experienced just as the customer

would experience them – while driving the car.

Implement and validate acoustical engineering changes

Quantify critical acoustics sources in the powertrain and other components

Investigate the effects of acoustical packages

Evaluate changes during realistic driving conditions

HEADQUARTERS: Brüel & Kjær Sound & Vibration Measurement A/S · DK-2850 Nærum · DenmarkTelephone: +45 77 41 20 00 · Fax: +45 45 80 14 05 · www.bksv.com · info@bksv.com

Local representatives and service organisations worldwide

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Brüel & Kjær is a world-leading manufacturer and supplier of sound and vibration measurement systems.

We help our partners and customers measure and manage the quality of sound and vibration in products and the environment. Our focus areas are automotive businesses, ground transportation, aerospace, space, defence, airport environment, urban environment, telecom and audio.

Brüel & Kjær has an unparalleled portfolio of sound and vibration measuring equipment and is a renowned deliverer of innovative instrumentation solutions.

With more than 90 sales offices or local agents in 55 countries, and eight ac-credited calibration centres worldwide, we provide immediate and comprehensive customer support.