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1 Intangible Capital and Productivity Growth in European countries C. Jona-Lasinio, M. Iommi (LUISS LAB OF EUROPEAN ECONOMICS) INNODRIVE WORKSHOP BERLIN, 16 - 17 September 2010

Intangible Capital and Productivity Growth in European ...€¦ · C. Jona-Lasinio, M. Iommi (LUISS LAB OF EUROPEAN ECONOMICS) INNODRIVE WORKSHOP BERLIN, 16 - 17 September 2010. 2

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Page 1: Intangible Capital and Productivity Growth in European ...€¦ · C. Jona-Lasinio, M. Iommi (LUISS LAB OF EUROPEAN ECONOMICS) INNODRIVE WORKSHOP BERLIN, 16 - 17 September 2010. 2

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Intangible Capital and Productivity Growth in European countries

C. Jona-Lasinio, M. Iommi (LUISS LAB OF EUROPEAN ECONOMICS)

INNODRIVE WORKSHOP

BERLIN, 16 - 17 September 2010

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Descriptive analysis

Intangible Investment across EU27:

Updated results

Growth accounting analysis

Intangible capital as a driver of growth in EU countries

Innodrive vs Coinvest

Comparing the main results

Outline

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In 1995-2005, EU economies experienced a slowdown of labour productivity growth.

But, high degree of heterogeneity of productivity performances across EU countries.

There is a mix of drivers of productivity growth in European economies.

Corrado, Hulten and Sichel showed that intangible capital can be a sizable source of growth: “Intangible business investment was 45 percent larger than tangible investment in the U.S. in 2000-2007”.

Introduction

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• CHS (2006) showed that uncounted intangibles have a significant effect on the level of gross domestic product (GDP), as well as on the rate of investment and the level of labour productivity.

• Marrano, Haskel and Wallis (2007), Jalava, Aulin-Ahmavaara and Alanen (2007), van Rooijen-Horsten et al. (2008), Fukao et al. (2008), Hao, Manole and van Ark (2008).

Introduction

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Measure intangible investment for EU27 member countries and to provide an internationally comparable estimate of intangible assets.

Quantify the bias in the estimate of Labour and Total Factor Productivity when intangible assets are ignored.

Analyze the diffusion of intangibles across European countries and their contribution to economic growth.

Comparison between Innodrive - Coinvest

Our aim

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Our estimates of intangibles refer to the Business sector

Sectoral coverage: non-agricultural business sector (defined as

a grouping of all industries except agriculture, fishing, public

administration, defence and compulsory social security,

education, health, other community, private households)

The Geographical and Time Coverage. Two levels of

analysis:

Descriptive analysis (1995-2005) for EU27

Growth accounting analysis for selected EU countries

AUT, DNK, FIN, GER, FR, ITA, NDL, SP, PRT, SWE, UK

Data

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We adopted an expenditure based approach so that we produce direct estimates of intangible gross fixed capital formation and capital, including both purchased and own-account components, based on expenditure data.

The proportion of intangible expenditure to be capitalized are as

in CHS (2005)

Our intangible measures are obtained by means of official data sources homogeneous across countries (mainly Eurostat surveys, national accounts data and supply and use tables, data from National Statistical Institutes) to guarantee reproducibility and international comparability.

Data

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Diffusion of Intangible capital in EU countries

We analyze the GDP shares of New Intangible GFCF that consists of all those assets identified by CHS as intangibles but not included in national accounts.

New intangibles include:

R&D, New Product Development in financial industry, New Architectural and Engineering Design and all the items classified as Economic Competencies by CHS.

Intangible GFCF in EU27

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New Intangible Shares of GDP: EU 1995-2005

NMS_2004: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia NMS_2007: NMS_2004 plus Bulgaria and Romania

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

EU27 5,3% 5,5% 5,7% 5,6% 5,5% 5,4% 5,4% 5,5%

EU15 4,9% 5,0% 5,1% 5,4% 5,5% 5,8% 5,7% 5,6% 5,5% 5,4% 5,5%

NMS_2004 3,8% 3,9% 4,2% 4,6% 4,7% 4,8% 4,9% 4,9% 4,9% 5,0% 5,1%

NMS_2007 4,2% 4,3% 4,4% 4,5% 4,5% 4,5% 4,6% 4,7%

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Composition of New Intangibles : EU Area 1995-2005

EU25 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

R&D+NFP 29,4 29,1 28,8 28,1 28,6 28,5 28,9 28,7 28,8 28,3 28,1

Adv+MkrRes 17,1 17,6 17,8 17,7 17,8 17,9 17,2 17,0 16,7 17,1 16,9

Training 12,4 12,2 11,8 11,2 11,0 10,5 10,6 10,5 10,5 10,2 9,8

OrgCap 26,7 26,4 26,8 28,4 28,4 29,3 29,0 29,3 29,2 29,3 30,1

ArchDes 14,4 14,7 14,8 14,5 14,1 13,8 14,4 14,5 14,9 15,1 15,2

EU15 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

R&D+NFP 29,8 29,5 29,3 28,6 29,1 28,9 29,5 29,4 29,4 29,0 28,8

Adv+MkrRes 17,0 17,6 17,7 17,5 17,6 17,6 16,8 16,5 16,2 16,5 16,3

FSHC 12,5 12,3 11,9 11,4 11,1 10,6 10,6 10,6 10,5 10,2 9,8

OrgCap 26,5 26,2 26,6 28,3 28,3 29,2 28,9 29,2 29,1 29,3 30,0

ArchDes 14,2 14,5 14,6 14,3 13,9 13,6 14,3 14,3 14,7 15,0 15,1

NMS2004 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

R&D+NFP 16,0 15,4 15,3 14,6 14,9 14,8 14,3 13,3 13,5 13,7 14,2

Adv+MkrRes 18,4 19,2 21,2 23,6 25,5 26,4 27,7 27,8 29,1 29,4 29,2

FSHC 9,8 9,7 9,1 8,3 8,2 8,5 8,9 9,3 9,6 9,8 9,9

OrgCap 34,4 34,3 33,2 32,1 32,0 31,7 31,8 31,7 30,4 30,4 30,9

ArchDes 21,5 21,4 21,2 21,4 19,3 18,6 17,3 18,0 17,4 16,6 15,8

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New Intangibles shares of gdp: European Countries (1995-2005)

1995 2000 2005

Austria 4,2% 5,3% 5,6%

Belgium 5,9% 6,9% 7,2%

Bulgaria - 3,0% 3,7%

Cyprus 2,7% 2,9% 3,3%

Czech Republic 4,9% 5,8% 6,9%

Denmark 4,7% 5,2% 5,2%

Estonia 5,0% 4,4% 4,8%

Finland 4,7% 5,9% 5,8%

France 5,5% 5,8% 6,0%

Germany 4,9% 5,8% 5,5%

Greece 1,5% 1,7% 1,6%

Hungary 4,8% 5,5% 6,5%

Ireland 4,3% 4,3% 5,1%

Italy 3,4% 4,3% 3,9%

Latvia 2,4% 3,3% 3,9%

Lithuania 2,3% 2,9% 3,5%

Malta 3,6% 3,8% 4,6%

Netherlands 5,8% 7,1% 6,3%

Poland 2,9% 4,3% 4,2%

Portugal 3,0% 3,5% 3,8%

Romania - 1,4% 1,8%

Slovakia 3,2% 5,5% 5,4%

Slovenia 5,7% 6,2% 6,2%

Spain 3,0% 3,2% 3,3%

Sweden 6,5% 7,9% 7,0%

United Kingdom 6,4% 7,5% 7,3%

Norway 4,8% 4,5% 4,2%

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New Intangibles shares of gdp: European Countries change (2005-1995)

-0,01 -0,005 0 0,005 0,01 0,015 0,02 0,025

NorwayEstoniaGreece

SpainSlovenia

ItalyNetherlands

DenmarkCyprusFrance

SwedenGermany

IrelandPortugal

United KingdomMalta

FinlandLithuaniaBelgium

PolandAustriaLatvia

HungaryCzech Republic

Slovakia

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New Intangibles shares of gdp: European Countries change (2000-1995)

-0,01 -0,005 0 0,005 0,01 0,015 0,02 0,025

Estonia

Norway

Ireland

Malta

Cyprus

Greece

Spain

France

Denmark

Portugal

Slovenia

Lithuania

Hungary

Italy

Latvia

Czech Republic

Germany

Belgium

Austria

United Kingdom

Finland

Netherlands

Poland

Sweden

Slovakia

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New Intangibles shares of gdp: European Countries change (2005-2000)

-0,01 -0,005 0 0,005 0,01 0,015

Sweden

Netherlands

Germany

Italy

Norway

United Kingdom

Slovakia

Greece

Poland

Slovenia

Finland

Denmark

Spain

France

Belgium

Austria

Cyprus

Portugal

Romania

Estonia

Latvia

Lithuania

Bulgaria

Ireland

Malta

Hungary

Czech Republic

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How much the composition of intangibles varies

across countries and over time?

Here we look at the composition of intangible

investment, as defined by CHS, for EU15.

Composition of Intangibles

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Composition of intangible GFCF(1)

1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005

Computerized information 6,9 12,9 14,6 7,8 9,3 11,0 16,8 22,9 26,2 15,1 14,4 18,1 13,5 20,7 19,8

Innovative property 36,9 36,3 31,8 31,6 31,1 26,3 30,6 31,7 34,2 38,2 44,2 44,8 35,0 31,6 32,0

Scientific R&D 20,8 21,7 30,5 19,1 19,1 15,0 17,3 19,9 20,3 23,2 31,1 30,2 22,2 18,6 17,2

Mineral exploration 0,0 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0

Artistic originals 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0

NPD 0,0 0,4 1,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,5 0,3 0,3 4,8 2,8 2,9 0,2 0,2 0,2

New AED 15,9 13,8 0,0 12,4 11,9 11,2 12,7 11,3 13,1 9,8 10,0 11,4 12,6 12,8 14,6

Economic competencies 56,2 50,8 53,6 60,6 59,7 62,7 52,6 45,3 39,6 46,7 41,4 37,1 51,5 47,7 48,2

Advertising 11,8 13,2 13,3 6,7 8,4 8,7 12,3 10,9 9,0 11,0 10,0 8,6 8,2 7,8 6,5

Market research 1,3 2,0 1,7 14,4 14,7 15,7 2,0 2,1 3,3 1,3 2,1 1,7 5,2 4,1 4,0

Firm specific human capital 12,1 8,9 9,0 9,8 8,5 7,7 21,1 17,3 12,9 15,4 11,5 7,4 13,9 12,3 11,6

Organisational capital 31,0 26,7 29,6 29,6 28,0 30,6 17,2 15,0 14,4 19,0 17,9 19,5 24,3 23,5 26,1

purchased 6,6 7,5 12,0 14,4 14,1 13,5 7,7 7,3 6,2 7,7 6,8 6,9 13,2 13,3 14,4

onwn account 24,4 19,2 17,6 15,3 13,9 17,1 9,4 7,8 8,2 11,3 11,1 12,6 11,1 10,2 11,6

Total intangible capital 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

FranceFinlandAustria DenmarkBelgium

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Composition of intangible GFCF(2)

1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005

Computerized information 8,4 8,7 7,3 11,1 10,7 14,6 2,4 4,6 4,6 14,2 14,8 14,5 10,7 16,3 17,0

Innovative property 55,4 58,7 66,6 30,8 33,1 43,3 32,2 25,7 23,4 32,5 28,0 35,2 30,0 27,1 27,6

Scientific R&D 21,8 19,2 16,6 6,4 5,4 5,3 20,9 16,5 13,8 12,6 10,1 11,3 16,0 12,2 13,3

Mineral exploration 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 3,6 3,1 4,8 0,8 0,8 0,7

Artistic originals 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,5 1,6 1,8 0,0 0,0 0,0

NPD 21,7 29,6 42,0 14,0 20,5 32,8 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,2 1,1 1,5 1,7

New AED 11,7 9,6 7,8 10,4 7,1 5,2 10,9 8,9 9,3 14,7 13,1 17,0 12,1 12,6 11,9

Economic competencies 36,2 32,6 26,1 58,1 56,2 42,1 65,4 69,8 72,0 53,4 57,2 50,3 59,3 56,6 55,4

Advertising 10,2 9,0 6,0 38,3 39,5 31,6 11,0 14,4 16,4 9,6 10,8 10,6 11,2 9,5 8,0

Market research 2,4 2,0 2,3 0,8 0,6 0,4 4,4 4,6 5,2 9,5 11,9 8,7 6,1 8,7 8,0

Firm specific human capital 8,2 6,4 5,1 7,3 5,6 2,8 17,3 16,6 14,2 12,1 9,0 7,6 16,9 12,9 10,2

Organisational capital 15,4 15,1 12,7 11,7 10,5 7,3 32,7 34,1 36,1 22,1 25,5 23,4 25,1 25,4 29,2

purchased 7,1 9,2 7,9 5,5 4,0 2,9 12,7 12,8 15,9 12,1 13,5 14,4 11,5 13,8 19,3

onwn account 8,3 5,9 4,8 6,2 6,4 4,3 20,1 21,3 20,2 10,0 12,0 9,0 13,5 11,7 9,9

Total intangible capital 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Germany Greece Ireland Italy Netherlands

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Composition of intangible GFCF(3)

1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005 1995 2000 2005

Computerized information 4,6 10,6 9,0 14,4 16,6 20,7 15,7 21,5 22,1 15,5 19,7 19,9

Innovative property 53,9 49,4 53,3 40,1 41,4 40,7 44,2 39,3 41,9 27,3 23,2 23,3

Scientific R&D 1,7 2,7 3,6 8,6 9,0 11,4 30,2 26,1 27,9 15,8 12,7 11,0

Mineral exploration 2,0 1,9 1,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,0

Artistic originals 1,1 1,1 0,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,4 0,1 0,1

NPD 39,7 36,2 40,5 19,7 21,1 14,7 2,0 1,8 2,0 0,0 0,0 0,0

New AED 9,4 7,5 7,3 11,8 11,4 14,5 12,0 11,4 12,0 10,9 10,4 12,2

Economic competencies 41,6 40,0 37,6 45,5 42,0 38,7 40,1 39,2 36,0 57,2 57,2 56,9

Advertising 7,4 10,0 6,8 13,6 14,1 12,0 7,2 6,8 6,1 10,4 9,9 8,6

Market research 2,1 3,1 3,3 5,6 4,9 4,8 2,1 2,2 1,9 4,0 3,7 4,7

Firm specific human capital 7,3 6,1 4,8 11,2 9,6 7,9 12,4 10,0 8,5 6,7 6,2 6,4

Organisational capital 24,8 20,9 22,8 15,0 13,4 13,9 18,5 20,3 19,4 36,1 37,4 37,1

purchased 17,7 15,9 16,0 5,1 5,2 5,6 11,7 15,0 13,5 8,6 13,0 12,7

onwn account 7,1 5,0 6,8 9,8 8,2 8,4 6,8 5,2 5,9 27,5 24,3 24,4

Total intangible capital 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

Portugal Spain Sweden UK

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New intangible shares of GDP are highly heterogeneous across countries:

From 2 % to 7% of GDP;

1995-2000 - the most dynamic countries are the “2004” New Member Economies;

2000-2005 – Europe is divided into two groups:

The first composed by most of the Old EU member countries recording a decreasing share;

The second composed by most of the New members showing an increasing share.

Stylized facts

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Economic competencies account for the largest share of Intangibles ranging from 45 % to 75% of all intangibles assets across all countries.

For most of the selected economies Advertising and Organizational capital account for the biggest share of Economic Competencies.

Stylized facts

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The impact of new intangibles on labour productivity growth

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Growth Accounting Results (1)

Including NA Intangible Assets: Contributions to Labour Productivity Growth

LPG stands for labour productivity growth CD is capital deepening TFP is total factor productivity

1995-2005 1995-2000 2000-2005

LPG CD TFP G LPG CD TFP G LPG CD TFP G

Austria 1,87 0,70 1,16 2,99 0,75 2,22 1,07 0,72 0,35

Denmark 1,55 0,40 1,14 1,00 -0,13 1,13 1,92 0,91 1,01

Finland 2,98 0,28 2,69 3,66 -0,15 3,82 2,65 0,75 1,89

France 2,01 0,28 1,73 2,99 0,12 2,87 1,51 0,41 1,10

Germany (including ex-GDR from 1991) 1,59 0,82 0,76 2,06 0,73 1,31 1,27 0,81 0,46

Italy 0,17 0,35 -0,19 1,15 0,29 0,86 -0,48 0,45 -0,92

Netherlands 2,20 0,62 1,57 2,64 0,33 2,31 2,14 1,01 1,12

Portugal 1,81 1,73 0,08 2,75 1,74 1,00 0,63 1,72 -1,07

Spain 0,21 0,15 0,06 0,21 -0,33 0,55 0,65 0,62 0,03

Sweden 3,73 0,81 2,89 3,83 0,60 3,21 4,01 0,97 3,00

United Kingdom 2,62 0,77 1,84 2,68 0,75 1,91 2,40 0,80 1,58

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Including New Intangible Assets: Contributions to Labour Productivity Growth

NI - CD = new intangible assets NA – CD = national account intangible and tangible assets

Growth Accounting Results (2)

1995-2005 1995-2000 2000-2005

LPG NA - CD NI -CD TFP G LPG NA - CD NI -CD TFP G LPG NA - CD NI -CD TFP G

Austria 2,05 0,65 0,34 1,05 3,28 0,70 0,41 2,14 1,16 0,66 0,31 0,19

Denmark 1,61 0,37 0,27 0,96 1,12 -0,12 0,19 1,05 1,94 0,83 0,34 0,76

Finland 3,07 0,26 0,37 2,43 3,83 -0,14 0,38 3,58 2,60 0,68 0,38 1,52

France 2,07 0,25 0,23 1,57 3,03 0,11 0,21 2,70 1,58 0,37 0,27 0,93

Germany 1,69 0,76 0,27 0,65 2,38 0,68 0,30 1,39 1,19 0,74 0,25 0,19

Italy 0,26 0,33 0,09 -0,17 1,44 0,27 0,20 0,96 -0,55 0,43 0,02 -0,99

Netherlands 2,25 0,56 0,31 1,37 2,96 0,30 0,41 2,24 1,93 0,91 0,27 0,74

Portugal 1,94 1,63 0,24 0,06 2,92 1,65 0,25 0,99 0,73 1,62 0,23 -1,10

Spain 0,24 0,14 0,03 0,07 0,25 -0,32 0,00 0,57 0,66 0,59 0,07 0,00

Sweden 3,69 0,72 0,44 2,49 4,08 0,54 0,51 3,01 3,65 0,86 0,39 2,37

United Kingdom 2,71 0,69 0,34 1,66 3,00 0,68 0,45 1,85 2,31 0,72 0,26 1,31

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Impact of New Intangibles on LPG and TFPG

Growth Accounting Results (3)

1995-2005 1995-2005

Current Asset Boundary Extended Asset Boundary

LPG TFP G LPG TFP G Differences

a b b/a c d d/c a-c b-d

Austria 1,87 1,16 62% 2,05 1,05 51% -0,18 0,11

Denmark 1,55 1,14 74% 1,61 0,96 60% -0,06 0,17

Finland 2,98 2,69 90% 3,07 2,43 79% -0,09 0,26

France 2,01 1,73 86% 2,07 1,57 76% -0,06 0,15

Germany 1,59 0,76 48% 1,69 0,65 39% -0,11 0,10

Italy 0,17 -0,19 -110% 0,26 -0,17 -68% -0,09 -0,01

Netherlands 2,20 1,57 71% 2,25 1,37 61% -0,05 0,21

Portugal 1,81 0,08 5% 1,94 0,06 3% -0,13 0,02

Spain 0,21 0,06 27% 0,24 0,07 27% -0,04 -0,01

Sweden 3,73 2,89 78% 3,69 2,49 67% 0,04 0,40

United Kingdom 2,62 1,84 70% 2,71 1,66 61% -0,09 0,18

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Main findings

The capitalization of intangibles has a positive effect on LPG and a negative effect on TFPG:

On average, the rate of growth of labour productivity is higher when new intangible assets are included.

The TFP is generally lower

The sources of growth are affected by the inclusion of new intangible assets (CHS, 2006).

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Main findings

The contribution of capital deepening increases (with only very few exceptions in sub-periods):

Very strong increase in Finland (+0.29 pp), Sweden (+0.27 pp) and Austria (+0.24 pp)

Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and UK registered a quite similar effect (on average equal to 0.17 pp)

Italy and, to a lesser extent, Portugal, show the lowest increase (respectively to 0.04 and 0.08 pp)

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Main findings

The relative contribution of capital deepening and TFP to labour productivity growth changed considerably after the inclusion of all intangibles.

The fall in the rate of TFP growth indicates that before the capitalization a portion of labour productivity growth that was attributed to TFP was actually driven by intangible capital deepening.

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A comparison between Innodrive and Coinvest results

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New Intangible Shares of GDP: Business Sector 1995 – 2005

Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C

1995 6,4 7,7 -1,3 4,9 5,8 -0,9 5,5 5,6 -0,1 6,5 8,2 -1,8 3,0 4,0 -1,1

2000 7,5 10,1 -2,6 5,8 6,9 -1,1 5,8 7,7 -1,9 7,9 12,0 -4,1 3,5 5,4 -1,9

2005 7,3 9,8 -2,6 5,5 6,9 -1,4 6,0 7,4 -1,4 7,0 11,8 -4,8 3,8 6,8 -3,0

UK DE FR SW PT

Table 1 – Comparing Innodrive and Coinvest Estimates

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New Intangible Shares of GDP: Business Sector 1995

Table 2 – Comparing Innodrive and Coinvest Estimates

Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C

Computerized Information 1,1 1,3 -0,2 0,6 0,6 0,0 0,8 0,8 0,0 1,2 1,2 0,0 0,2 0,3 0,0

Innovative Property 2,4 3,2 -0,8 2,5 2,9 -0,4 2,5 2,8 -0,3 3,4 4,8 -1,4 1,0 3,2 -2,2

R&D 1,1 1,1 0,0 1,4 1,5 0,0 1,3 1,4 -0,1 2,3 2,4 -0,1 0,1 0,8 -0,7

copyright and license costs 0,0 0,2 -0,2 0,0 0,2 -0,2 0,0 0,2 -0,2 0,0 0,1 -0,1 0,1 0,3 -0,2

mineral explorations 0,0 0,2 -0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,8 -0,7

new product development in financial industry 0,5 0,1 0,4 0,3 0,4 -0,2 0,4 0,5 0,0 0,3 0,3 0,0 0,2 0,8 -0,6

new archtectual and engineering designs 0,8 1,6 -0,8 0,8 0,8 0,0 0,7 0,7 0,1 0,9 2,1 -1,2 0,5 0,4 0,1

Economic Competencies 4,0 4,9 -0,9 2,4 3,1 -0,7 3,0 3,0 -0,1 3,0 3,5 -0,5 2,1 2,0 0,2

Advertising expenditure 0,7 0,8 -0,1 0,7 0,5 0,2 0,5 0,6 -0,1 0,5 1,2 -0,7 0,4 1,1 -0,7

Market research 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,3 -0,1 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,1

Firm specific human capital 0,5 2,2 -1,8 0,5 1,4 -0,9 0,8 1,5 -0,7 0,9 1,0 0,0 0,4 0,6 -0,2

Purchased organizational structure 0,6 0,2 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,1 0,8 0,2 0,5 0,9 0,7 0,2 0,9 0,2 0,7

Own account organizational structure 1,9 1,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,0 0,6 0,5 0,2 0,5 0,4 0,1 0,4 0,0 0,3

UK DE FR SW PT

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New Intangible Shares of GDP: Business Sector 2005

Table 3 – Comparing Innodrive and Coinvest Estimates

Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C Innodrive Coinvest I-C

Computerized Information 1,7 1,4 0,2 0,7 0,7 0,0 1,4 1,4 0,0 2,0 2,0 0,0 0,6 0,8 -0,2

Innovative Property 2,5 3,1 -0,6 2,9 3,5 -0,6 2,7 3,2 -0,4 3,8 5,5 -1,7 1,2 3,3 -2,0

R&D 0,9 1,0 -0,1 1,6 1,7 0,0 1,2 1,3 -0,1 2,5 2,8 -0,3 0,3 1,1 -0,9

copyright and license costs 0,0 1,0 -1,0 0,0 1,7 -1,7 0,0 1,3 -1,3 0,0 2,8 -2,8 0,0 1,1 -1,1

mineral explorations 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,2 -0,2

new product development in financial industry 0,5 0,1 0,4 0,5 0,8 -0,3 0,5 0,6 -0,1 0,2 0,3 0,0 0,4 0,9 -0,5

new archtectual and engineering designs 1,0 1,8 -0,7 0,8 0,8 -0,1 1,0 0,9 0,1 1,1 2,4 -1,3 0,5 0,5 0,0

Economic Competencies 4,8 5,5 -0,7 2,6 2,8 -0,3 3,3 3,3 0,0 3,2 4,4 -1,2 2,6 3,5 -0,8

Advertising expenditure 0,7 0,9 -0,1 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,4 0,7 -0,3 0,5 1,5 -0,9 0,5 1,1 -0,6

Market research 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,3 0,0 0,2 0,2 0,0 0,2 0,1 0,1

Firm specific human capital 0,5 2,4 -1,9 0,5 1,3 -0,8 0,8 1,5 -0,7 0,8 1,0 -0,3 0,3 0,6 -0,3

Purchased organizational structure 1,1 0,5 0,6 0,8 0,5 0,3 1,0 0,3 0,7 1,2 1,2 0,1 1,1 1,6 -0,5

Own account organizational structure 2,1 1,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,0 0,8 0,5 0,3 0,5 0,6 -0,1 0,5 0,1 0,4

UK DE FR SW PT

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New Intangible Shares of GDP:

UK, DE, FR, SW - Business Sector (1995-2005)

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Economic Competencies Shares of GDP:

UK, 1995 – 2005

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Main differences

M DS M DS M DS M DS M DS

Computerized Information

Innovative Property

R&D

copyright and license costs

mineral explorations

NPD

NAED

Economic Competencies

Advertising expenditure

Market research

Firm specific human capital

Purchased organizational structure

Own account organizational structure

UK DE FR SW PT

Table 4 – Main differences between Innodrive and Coinvest Estimates od Intangibles

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Summing up

Our results suggest that:

Intangibles matters for growth accounting analysis because they are an important source of growth in all the countries considered;

The role of capital deepening in the growth of labour productivity is significantly larger when intangibles are included;

As in CHS (2005), our results confirm that the composition of the sources of growth is affected by the inclusion of intangible capital, with a considerably greater role for capital deepening and a proportionally smaller role for TFP.

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Future developments

Collect data on Mineral Exploration and Entertainment Literary and Artistic Originals from NSIs.

Extend the growth accounting analysis to analyze tangible vs intangibles.

Extend the growth accounting analysis to EU aggregates (according to data availability).

Deeper investigate the influence of business cycle on our growth accounting results.

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Beyond Innodrive

Estimate the own account component using detailed employment and labor cost data (e.g. microdata for Labor Force Survey and Structure of Earning Survey now available from Eurostat for many countries)

Estimating the own account component consistently with the SNA including also the other components of the cost of production (besides labor cost)

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Beyond Innodrive

Try different deflators (e.g. Nace K74 gross output deflator for the purchased components and a wage index for the own accounts components)

Revise the assumption about the share of total expenditure assumed to be GFCF

Industry output vs product output

Exports and Imports

Industry level estimates