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Institutional Engineering and Technology (IET)

(Inst. Engg. Tech.)

Volume: 2 Issue: 1 April 2012

Inst. Engg. Tech. 2(1):11-20(April 2012)

THERMAL COMFORT PROPERTIES OF WEFT KNITTED GARMENTS MADE FROM CONVENTIONAL RING AND COMPACT SPUN YARN

M.R. RASHID, F. AHMED AND A.K. AZAD

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ISSN-2076-3972 (Online) Inst. Engg. Tech. 2(1):11-20(April 2012)

THERMAL COMFORT PROPERTIES OF WEFT KNITTED GARMENTS MADE FROM CONVENTIONAL RING AND COMPACT SPUN YARN

M.R. RASHID¹, F. AHMED² AND A.K. AZAD³

1Department of Textile Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka; 2Departments of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka;

³Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka. Corresponding author & address: Md. Rafiqur Rashid, E-mail: [email protected] Accepted for publication on 7 March 2012

ABSTRACT Rashid MR, Ahmed F, Azad AK (2012) Thermal comfort properties of weft knitted garments made from conventional ring and compact spun yarn. Ins. Engg. Tech. 2(1), 11-20.

Thermal comfort is one of the important aspects of knitted garment. Thermal comfort is related to fabrics ability to maintain skin temperature and allow transfer of perspiration produced from the body. In this research work cotton yarns, produced from same cotton blend were spun according to compact and conventional ring spinning principles in three different counts. Three different knitting structures single jersey, rib and interlock were produced from these yarns. Thermal comfort properties of those fabrics were investigated and compared with each other before and after dyeing processes. When the results were studied, it was observed that higher thermal conductivity and air permeability was found in all knitted fabrics made from compact yarn. Compact yarn based knitted fabrics showed higher water vapor permeability compared to knitted fabrics made from conventional ring yarn due to lesser hairiness and smaller diameter of former of yarn which result in reduced fabric thickness with increased inter-yarn spaces (porous nature of fabrics), leading to easy passage of vapor and hence higher water vapor permeability. Interlock and rib fabrics have remarkably high thermal conductivity compared to single jersey fabrics. On the other hand single jersey fabrics have higher water vapor permeability values than rib and interlock fabrics.

Key words: compact yarn, thermal conductivity, air permeability, water vapor permeability, weft knitted fabric

INTRODUCTION

Over the last few years the demands from the fabrics have changed with the development of textile technology and rising of the peoples living standards. Now the requirements are not only style, durability and aesthetic reasons but also clothing comfort (Ananad 2003). Comfort parameters like thermal conductivity, air permeability, water vapor permeability and softness are expected from garments. Generally comfort is defined as “the absence of displeasure or discomfort or a neutral state compared to the more active state of pleasure” (Das et al. 2007). Wide ranging research has been carried out in order to develop thermal comfort behavior of knitted fabrics reported thermal properties of 1x1 rib fabric knitted by using various yarns with different properties. The results showed that yarn twist and yarn count increasing, determine the thermal resistance values decreasing and water vapor permeability increasing reported that the open construction 3D eyelet has better water vapor permeability than micromesh, pique and mock rib strictures (Anand 2003) fabric thickness, enclosed still air and external air movement are the major factors that affect the heat transfer through fabric reported that twill woven fabric made from Elite compact yarn shown higher air permeability, higher thermal conductivity and higher wicking properties compared to woven fabrics made from conventional ring yarns. In this research work was carried out to investigate comfort characteristics of knitted fabrics such as thermal conductivity, air permeability and water vapor permeability using ring and compact spun yarn on various knit structures such as single jersey, rib and interlock(Milenkovic et al. 1999).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In this study, 100% cotton yarns of 40/1 and 30/1 and 20/1 Ne were spun according to combed and compact spinning methods from the roving produced by using the same cotton blend (CIS Uzbekistan cotton).The compact yarns were produced on suessen EliTe compact system and Toyota Rx-240 ring frame was used to produce the conventional yarn. The quality parameters of these yarns are given in Table-2. Experimental samples from these conventional ring (combed) and compact yarns were knitted into Single Jersey, Rib (1 1) and Plain Interlock fabric. Knitting Machine specification are given in Table-1.

Table 1. Knitting Machines specifications

Machine Specification Single Jersey Rib Interlock Manufacturer Mayer & Cie Mayer & Cie Mayer & Cie

Country of origin Germany Germany Germany Machine Diameter 30” 40” 40”

Gauge 24 18 24

Inst. Engg. Tech. 2(1): April 2012

11 Copyright© 2012 Green Global Foundation (GGF)

Rashid et al.

Table 2. Quality parameter of Conventional ring and Compact yarn made from 100% cotton fibres produced on Conventional ring (Toyota –Rx240) and Suessen Elite compact system

40/1 Ne Ring Yarn 30/1 Ne Ring Yarn 20/1 Ne Ring Yarn Test parameter (Combed) Compact (Combed) Compact (Combed) Compact

Yarn count 39.89 39.7 29.95 29.92 19.83 19.8 Count CV% 0.35 0.6 0.61 0.55 0.93 0.65

Uster (Unevenness) U% 9.76 9.02 8.97 8.73 7.5 7.13 Uster CVm% 12.33 11.4 11.32 11.01 9.76 9

Thin places/km (-50%) 1 0 0 0 0 0 Thick laces/km (+50%) 24 14 12 5 4 2

Neps/km (+200%) 35 37 20 21 8 3 IPI 60 51 32 26 12 5

CSP 2549 2789 2411 2473 2722 2862 RKM(CN/Tex) 17.01 19.93 18.29 19.29 19.82 20.07

RKM CV% 11.56 9.08 7.13 9.75 5.91 9.24 Elongation% 4.6 4.81 4.21 4.62 5.03 4.86

Elongation CV% 8.66 8.63 8.06 11.2 5.92 10.62 TPI 23.74 23.19 20.28 19.46 16.59 16.38

Hairiness (H-index) 4.47 3.12 4.79 3.33 5.59 3.98 Hairiness (CVHb)% 3 3 2.2 3.3 3.4 2.3

SAMPLE PREPARATION

All the grey fabrics of compact and ring spun yarn were processed in same bath to eliminate any variation during the process. Scouring and bleaching was applied to all the knitted fabrics in same bath as the first step to finishing process (Ozdil et al. 2007). The scouring and bleaching was done in the same bath with liquor ration 1:20 using Theis winch dyeing machine. The scoured and bleached fabrics were rinsed at 80o C for 20 minutes. After drop the bath fabric were neutralization with peroxide killer and Acetic acid. After this all the fabrics were dyed with medium brand reactive dyes (red color) in Theis Winch dyeing machine. The scouring & bleaching and dyeing process condition are given in following Table-3 and 4.

Table 3. Scouring and Bleaching Recipe Table 4. Dyeing Recipe

Scouring and bleaching recipe Felosan RGN (Detergent) 0.7 g/l Denquist HYN (Sequestering agent) 0.25 g/l Windcrease WL (Anticreasing) 0.7 g/l Soda ash Light (Alkali) 5 g/l Hydrogen Peroxide (oxidizing agent) 2.5 g/l Setabiocal A4 (Stabilizer) 0.5 g/l Geizyme APB (Peroxide Killer) 0.5 g/l Acetic Acid (Neutralizing agent) 1 g/l Time 60 min Temperature 98° C Liquor ratio 1/20

Dyeing Recipe Sarabid LDR (leveling agent) 0.5 g/l Setazol Red 3BS (dyestuff) %3.0 owf Sodium Sulphate (glauber salt) 80 g/l Soda ash light (alkali) 20 g/l Liquor ratio 1/50 Temperature Time

60° C 60 min

After Treatment Cotoblance NSR (soaping) 0.3 g/l Acetic acid (Neutralizer) Time

0.8 g/l 45min

FABRIC TESTING:

Following tests were carried out for all knitted fabric samples. The testing of knitted fabrics was carried out in the standard atmosphere conditions of 65% R.H .and 27o C.

Fabric thickness: Fabric thickness was measured according to ISO 5048 under 9 gm/cm2 pressures with .01 mm accuracy (ISO 5048).

Thermal conductivity:

For determination of thermal conductivity consists of step-down transfer, a ammeter voltmeter, three copper discs, a electric heater and three thermometers. The three thermometers were inserted into three holes of a disc where the holes were filled in with mercury in order to ensure good thermal contact with bulbs of the thermometers. The samples were preconditioned in the standard atmosphere of standard atmospheric condition of 65% RH and27±2 ° C for 24 hours. Three temperatures were noted from three individual thermometers TA, TB and TC when the temperatures of the discs were found to attain steady state. Then the thermal conductivity of each type of fabric was found from the formula.


12

K = Thermal conductivitythermometer A, B and C, V

2

E Where

r 2πK =

Air permeability:

Velocity of Air flow passpressure drop and time. 9237:1995 method usinmeasurements performed Average of 5 readings for

Fig.1 TEXTEST Air perm

Water vapor permeabilityASTM E-96(ASTM E-96Water vapor Permeability

WVT = G/tA = (G/t)/ A, Gmouth area), m2, WVT = r

Experimental data:

Table 5. Thermal conducti

Sample Name TA(°S/J Combed 48S/J Compact 48.5Rib Combed 50Rib Compact 49

Interlock Combed 48Interlock Compact 52

Sample Name TA(°S/J Combed 50S/J Compact 51Rib Combed 51Rib Compact 49

Interlock Combed 51.5Interlock Compact 50

Sample Name TA(°S/J Combed 49S/J Compact 48Rib Combed 48Rib Compact 49

Interlock Combed 47.5Interlock Compact 46

Thermal comfort properties of weft knitted garments made from conventional ring and compact spun yarn

, d = thickness of samples, as (area of sample) = 2 rπ xd, TA, TB, TC= temperature of I= 2.24 joule/sec, aA= 29.755x10-4

1-1-1

CCBBBA

sAA

1-1-AA

BAs

AB

Cmw.m.Ta.Ta2

TT.a.TaVI

Cmw.m 1000.T2.a2

TT.a)T(T

Ed

°⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ ++

++=

°×⎭⎬⎫

⎩⎨⎧ +

+−

−

ing perpendicularly through a test specimen under specified conditions of test area, Air permeability of the samples (dm3/sec) was measured via standard EN ISO

g TEXTEST Air permeability Tester (FX 3300) (EN ISO 9237:1995). The at constant pressure drop of 100 Pa (20 cm2 test area) air pressure according to. An each sample was reported.

eability Tester (FX 3300) Fig. 2. Thermal conductivity tester : Water vapor permeability both water and desiccant method was tested according to ).The mouth of the cup shall be as large as practical & at least 4.65 in2 (3000 mm2). was calculated with following formula: = (weight change), g, t = time, G/t = slope of the straight line, g/h, A = test area (cup ate of water vapor transmission, g/h·m2

vity of knitted fabric (Grey)

40/1 Knitted Fabrics 2.00 hour 2.30 hour

C) TB(°C) TC(°C) TA(°C) TB(°C) TC(°C)Thickness

(mm) Thermal Conductivity

mW.m-1 °C-1

50 49.5 49 51.5 51 0.333 85.533 50.5 50 48.5 50.5 50 0.329 106.244

52 52 52 55 55 0.532 113.112 52 51 50 52.5 51.5 0.556 143.594 51 50.5 48 52 51 0.602 95.358

55 54.5 52 55 54.5 0.689 147.144




mW.m-1 °C-1

52 51.5 50.5 53 52 0.422 108.935 53 52.5 51 53 52.5 0.439 141.989 54 53.5 51 54 53.5 0.639 136.350 52 51 49 52 51 0.654 139.924 55 54.5 51.5 55 54.5 0.631 114.789

53 52.5 50 53 52.5 0.608 129.635




mW.m-1 °C-1

51.5 50.5 50 52.5 51.5 0.515 132.977 50.5 50 49.5 51 50.5 0.484 209.899 51.5 51 49 52.5 52 0.821 149.235 52 51 50 53 52.5 0.767 163.673 51 50 47.5 51 51.5 0.907 163.474

50 48.5 46.5 50 48.5 0.962 176.049


13

Rashid et al.

Table 6. Thermal Conductivity of knitted fabric (Bleached sample) 40/1 Knitted Fabrics

2.00 hour 2.30 hour Sample Name TA(°C) TB(°C) TC(°C) TA(°C) TB(°C) TC(°C)

Thickness (mm)

Thermal Conductivity mW.m-1 °C-1

S/J Combed 49.5 51.5 51 49.5 52 51.5 0.354 90.961 S/J Compact 50 51 50 50.5 52.5 52 0.348 112.483 Rib Combed 47.5 51 50.5 48 51.5 51 0.533 96.658 Rib Compact 49 52 51 50 53 52 0.526 112.526

Interlock Combed 45 49 48.5 45 49 48.5 0.685 107.821 Interlock Compact 46 49.5 49 46 49.5 49.5 0.764 137.938


Sample Name TA(°C) TB(°C) TC(°C) TA(°C) TB(°C) TC(°C) Thickness


mW.m-1 °C-1

S/J Combed 52.5 55.5 54.5 53 55.5 55 0.428 110.205 S/J Compact 52 54.5 54 52.5 54.5 54 0.421 136.230 Rib Combed 50 52.5 51.5 50 52.5 51.5 0.616 159.139 Rib Compact 47.5 50 49 49 51.5 51 0.638 164.133

Interlock Combed 49 52.5 52 50 53 52 0.607 129.909 Interlock Compact 46.5 50 49 47 50 50.5 0.756 159.727


Sample Name TA(°C) TB(°C) TC(°C) TA(°C) TB(°C) TC(°C) Thickness


mW.m-1 °C-1

S/J Combed 51 54 53 52 55 54 0.496 106.204 S/J Compact 52 55 54 53.5 56 55.5 0.486 125.205 Rib Combed 51.5 55 54.5 52 55.5 55 0.794 144.618 Rib Compact 51 55 54 52 55 54.5 0.780 166.658

Interlock Combed 51 55 54.5 51 55 54.5 0.929 147.231 Interlock Compact 51 56 55 52 56 55.5 0.995 157.872

Table 7. Air Permeability Test (Test Method- EN ISO 9237):

Grey Bleached Dyed Sample Fabrics Type of Yarn

Tested Results: dm3/second (at 100 Pa) Combed 0.860 0.416 0.462

Single Jersey Compact 1.07 0.541 0.548 Combed 0.644 0.385 0.569 Rib Compact 0.870 0.525 0.691 Combed 0.432 0.127 0.125

40/1

Interlock Compact 0.886 0.253 0.239 Combed 0.645 0.242 0.281


30/1

Interlock Compact 0.695 0.257 0.277 Combed 0.303 0.086 0.107


20/1

Interlock Compact 0.196 0.094 0.113


14

Table 8. Detail values of W

Area of Cup (A) =0.00341m2

Sample Name

Sample Type

F+

Combed 1Single Jersey Compact 1

Combed Rib

Compact 1Combed 1

Interlock Compact

Sample Name

Sample Type

F +


Combed 1Rib

Compact 1Combed 1

Interlock Compact 1

Sample Name

Sample Type

F+


Combed 1Rib

Compact 1Combed 1

Interlock Compact 1


ater vapor transmission (WVT) using distilled water at Grey & Dyed relax state

40/1 Knitted Fabrics (Grey Sample) 40/1 Knitted Fabrics (Dyed Sample)

abric + cup water Wt

Weight After 24

Hr

Weight Change/d

ay (G)

WVT=G/t

A

Fabric + cup + water Wt

Weight After 24

Hr

Weight Change/day

(G)

WVT=G/tA (gm/h/m2)

34.45gm 131.8 2.65gm 32.2 139gm 136.33 2.67gm 32.5 32.94gm 129.92 3.02gm 36.7 132.80gm 130.11 2.69gm 32.7 135gm 132.42 2.58gm 31.4 138.55gm 135.9 2.65gm 32.2 44.15gm 141.37 2.78gm 33.8 133.06gm 130.34 2.72gm 33.1 38.42gm 135.8 2.62gm 31.9 130.09gm 127.43 2.66gm 32.4 140.27 137.44 2.83gm 34.4 140.15gm 137.48 2.67gm 32.5



Weight After 24

Hr

Weight Change/d

ay (G)

WVT=G/tA


Weight After 24

Hr

Weight Change/day

(G)

WVT=G/tA (gm/h/

m2) 44.12gm 141.36 2.76gm 33.6 138.22gm 135.55 2.67gm 32.5 37.01gm 134.21 2.8gm 34.1 144.44gm 141.51 2.93gm 35.6 45.46gm 142.95 2.51gm 30.5 136.36gm 133.71 2.65gm 32.2 33.53gm 130.73 2.8gm 34.1 138.18gm 135.48 2.70gm 32.8 38.85gm 136.14 2.71gm 33 134.19gm 131.56 2.63gm 32 48.94gm 146.16 2.78gm 33.8 140.77gm 138.06 2.71gm 33



Weight After 24

Hr

Weight Change/d

ay (G)

WVT=G/tA


Weight After 24

Hr

Weight Change/day

(G)

WVT=G/tA (gm/h/

m2) 41.59gm 138.92 2.67gm 32.5 139gm 136.33 2.67gm 32.5 44.76gm 142.09 2.67gm 32.5 132.80gm 130.11 2.69gm 32.7 18.80gm 116.22 2.58gm 31.4 138.55gm 135.9 2.65gm 32.2 26.09gm 123.39 2.7gm 32.8 133.06gm 130.34 2.72gm 33.1 39.88gm 137.22 2.66gm 32.4 130.09gm 127.43 2.66gm 32.4 42.27gm 139.49 2.78gm 33.8 140.15gm 137.48 2.67gm 32.5


15

Rashid et al.

Table 9. Data of Water vapor transmission (WVT) for desiccant method (using calcl2 as desiccant) of at Grey & Dyed Sample

Area of Cup (A) =0.00341m2 40/1 Knitted Fabrics (Grey Sample) 40/1 Knitted Fabrics (Dyed Sample)

Sample Name

Sample Type


Weight After 24 Hr

Weight Change

/day (G)

WVT=G/tA

Fabric + cup+ water Wt

Weight After 24 Hr

Weight Change/d

ay (G)

WVT=G/tA

(gm/h/m2)

Combed 21.48gm 22.48 1gm 12.18 16.12gm 16.92 0.8gm 9.74 Single Jersey Compact 23.20gm 24.24 1.04gm 12.67 17.16gm 17.99 0.83gm 10.11

Combed 21.64gm 22.5 0.86gm 10.47 17.45gm 18.33 0.88gm 10.72 Rib

Compact 24.12gm 25.13 1.01gm 12.3 17.06gm 17.94 0.88gm 10.72 Combed 19.38gm 20.63 1.25gm 15.22 20.53gm 21.63 1.1gm 13.4

Interlock Compact 24.91gm 26.25 1.34gm 16.32 24.49gm 25.66 1.17gm 14.25


Sample Name

Sample Type


Weight After 24 Hr

Weight Change

/day (G)

WVT=G/tA


Weight After 24 Hr

Weight Change/d

ay (G)

WVT=G/tA

(gm/h/m2)

Combed 23.38gm 24.27 0.89gm 10.84 16.07gm 16.79 0.72gm 8.77 Single Jersey Compact 24.12gm 25.13 1.01gm 12.3 15.88gm 16.77 0.89gm 10.84


Compact 22.22gm 23.02 0.8gm 9.74 17gm 18.11 1.11gm 13.52 Combed 23.84gm 24.64 0.8gm 9.74 22.57gm 23.63 1.06gm 12.91



Sample Name

Sample Type


Weight After 24 Hr

Weight Change

/day (G)

WVT=G/tA


Weight After 24 Hr

Weight Change/d

ay (G)

WVT=G/tA

(gm/h/m2)

Combed 23.32gm 24.05 0.73gm 8.89 18.30gm 19.31 1.01gm 12.3 Single Jersey Compact 20.74gm 21.63 0.89gm 10.84 18.08gm 19.11 1.03gm 12.54


Compact 24.52gm 27.09 2.57gm 31.31 18.36gm 19.27 0.91gm 11.08 Combed 26.30gm 27.89 1.59gm 19.37 19.38gm 20.63 1.25gm 15.22


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Thermal Conductivity:

Thermal conductivity data are given both grey and bleached stage in Table-5 and 6. Figure-3and 4 shows the thermal conductivity of knitted fabric in grey and bleached stage. When compared the fabrics made from conventional ring yarns with fabrics made from EliTe compact yarns shown higher values of thermal conductivity indicating that they are cooler than conventional ring yarn based fabrics because of lesser thickness ,compact structures of yarn and more amount of heat conducted by them. In figure shown that in all structures (Single jersey, Rib and interlock) and all stages Grey and bleached) knitted fabric made from compact yarn shown the higher thermal conductivity. So the compact yarn based knitted fabric is suitable in summer environment.


16

40 SinglJerse

Combed 85.53Compact 106.2

0

50

100

150

200

250

T C(m

W.m

¹̄°C̄¹)

40 SinglJerse


020406080

100120140160180

T C(m

W.m

¹̄°C̄¹)

FiFi

Air permeability: Air permeability:

Air permeability data of permeability are shown inability to allow natural andcapacity or its breathabilitymade from conventional compact yarns resulting intextiles which influences body.

Air permeability data of permeability are shown inability to allow natural andcapacity or its breathabilitymade from conventional compact yarns resulting intextiles which influences body.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

40 SingJerse

Test R

esults

(dm³

/S)

Combed

Compact


e y

40 Rib 40 Interlock

30 Single Jersey

30 Rib 30 Interlock

20 Single Jersey

20 Rib 20 Interlock

3 113.112 95.358 108.935 136.35 114.789 132.977 149.235 163.474

44 143.594 147.144 141.989 139.924 129.635 209.899 163.673 176.049

Fig. 3. Thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics (Grey stage) Fig. 3. Thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics (Grey stage)

e y

40 Rib 40 Interlock

30 Single Jersey

30 Rib 30 Interlock

20 Single Jersey

20 Rib 20 Interlock

1 96.658 107.821 110.205 159.139 129.909 106.204 144.618 147.231

83 112.526 137.938 136.23 164.133 159.727 125.205 166.658 157.872

g. 4. Thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics (Bleached stage) g. 4. Thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics (Bleached stage)

knitted fabric are given in Table-7.Graphical representation of knitted fabric of air figure -5,6 and 7.Air permeability affects the fabric comfort as it relates to the fabric forced convective air currents to pass through it. It also affects the fabric ventilation . Air permeability of fabrics developed from compact yarns is higher than the fabrics

Ring spun yarn in every stage (Grey bleached and dyed). This is because of the fabrics more porous and permeable to air. Air permeability is hygienic property of

the flow gas from human body to the environment and the flow of fresh air to the

knitted fabric are given in Table-7.Graphical representation of knitted fabric of air figure -5,6 and 7.Air permeability affects the fabric comfort as it relates to the fabric forced convective air currents to pass through it. It also affects the fabric ventilation . Air permeability of fabrics developed from compact yarns is higher than the fabrics

Ring spun yarn in every stage (Grey bleached and dyed). This is because of the fabrics more porous and permeable to air. Air permeability is hygienic property of

the flow gas from human body to the environment and the flow of fresh air to the

le y

40 Rib 40 Interlock

30 Single Jersey

30 Rib 30 Interlock

20 Single Jersey

20 Rib 20 Interlock

Air Permeability For Grey Sample

Fig. 5. Air permeability of knitted fabric in grey stage Fig. 5. Air permeability of knitted fabric in grey stage


17

Rashid et al.

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

40 Single Jersey

40 Rib 40 Interlock

30 Single Jersey

30 Rib 30 Interlock

20 Single Jersey

20 Rib 20 Interlock

Test R

esults

(dm³

/S)

Air Permeability For Bleached Sample

Combed

Compact

Inst. Engg. Tech. 2(1): Ap

18 ril 2012

Fig. 7. Air permeability of fabric in dyed stage

Water vapor permeability:

Detail values of water vapor permeability are given in Table-8 and 9.The water vapor permeability relates to the fabric ability to transfer perspiration produced by the hu an body & hence determines the comfort. The relative water vapor permeability data in above Graph shows (Fig.-8, 9,10and 11) that knitted fabric made from compact spun yarn exhibit significantly higher water vapor perm bility than their ring-spun counterparts, because lesser hairiness and smaller diameter of former of yarn which lt in reduced fabric thickness with increased inter-yarn spaces (porous nature of fabrics), leading to easy passage of vapor and hence higher water vapor permeability.

If result shows low water vapor permeability then the body feels clumsy and the vapor may condense to liquid moisture or sweat increasing discomfort.

apor permeability of knitted fabric (Dyed)

Fig. 6. Air permeability of knitted fabric in bleached stage

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

40 Single Jersey

40 Rib 40 Interlock

30 Single Jersey

30 Rib 30 Interlock

20 Single Jersey

20 Rib 20 Interlock

Test R

esults

(dm³

/S)

Air Permeability For Dyed Sample

Combed

Compact

knitted

m

ea resu

Fig. 8. Water v

30

31

32

33

34

WVT R

ate(gm

/h

35

r/m2

40 Single Jersey 40 Rib 40

Interlock30 Single Jersey 30 Rib 30


InterlockCombed 32.5 32.2 32.4 32.5 32.2 32 32.5 32.3 32.4Compact 32.7 33.1 32.5 35.6 32.8 33 32.7 33.1 32.5

36

)

O this paper thermal propructures were discussed.ade from compact yarn.ecause of structural propermeability and as well abrics it can be seen th

ermeability than rib strucreases the amount of en

igh quality garments withCKNOWLEDGEMENe authors are really tha

Bangladesh Jute Researcnging machineries, ra

40 SinJers

C

NCLUSION InstmBpfapinh

A

Th

arrarequired.

Combed 32.Compact 36.

05

10152025

40

WVT R

ate(gm

/hr/ 30

35m2 )

40 SinJers


02468

1012141618

WVT R

ate(gm

/hr/m

2 )

40 SinJers


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

WVT R

ate(gm

/hr/m

2 )


Fig. 9. Water vapor permeability of knitted fabric (Grey)

y of knitted fabric (Grey)

erties of knitted fabrics made from compact and conventional ring yarn with different Higher thermal conductivity and air permeability was found in the knitted fabrics Higher water vapor permeability was also noticed in compact based knitted fabrics. erties single jersey fabrics have remarkable lower thermal conductivity, higher air

s higher water vapor permeability values than rib and interlock fabrics. Double jersey at the interlock structures have higher thermal conductivity and less water vapor ctures. This is because amount of fibre per unit area. While the amount of fibres trapped air decreases. So knitted fabrics made of compact yarn can be used to make higher comfort properties. T nkful to Square Textiles Ltd. ,Bengal Harricane Dyeing & Printing (Pvt.)Ltd. and

this research work by l sorts of helps were

gle e

40 30 Sin e 30 20 Single 20 Rib 20 Interlock

Fig. 10. Water vapor permeabilit

Fig. 11. Water vapor permeability of knitted fabric (Dyed)

h Institute(BJRI) for providing opportunities to performw material, technical personnel, testing equipments and al

y 40 Rib Interlock Jersey 30 Rib Interlock Jerseygl

2 31.4 32.431.4 31.9 33.6 30.5 33 32.57 33.8 34.4 34.1 34.1 33.8 32.5 32.8 33.8

gle ey 40 Rib 40

Interlock30 Single

Jersey 30 Rib 30 Interlock

20 Single Jersey 20 Rib 20

Interlock

4 10.72 13.4 8.77 9.38 12.91 12.3 10.47 15.221 10.72 14.25 10.8 13.52 15.1 12.54 11.08 16.564

gle ey 40 Rib 40



Interlock

8 10.47 15.22 10.84 8.89 9.74 8.89 22.66 19.377 12.3 16.32 12.3 9.74 12.91 10.84 31.31 20.34


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REFERENCES

Ananad S (2003) Sportswear Fabrics, knitting International, pp 23-25.

Das V, Kotari Kand Sadachar A (2007) Comfort characteristics of fabrics made from compacts yarns, Fibres and Polymers, Vol-8, No-1,112-116.

Milenkovic L, Skundric P, Sokovic R, Nikolic T (1999) Comfort properties of defense Protective Clothing, The scientific journal Facta Universitatis,(4), pp 101-106.

Ozdil N, Mararali A, Donmez S (2007) Effect of Yarn properties on Thermal Comfort of Knitted fabrics, al Comfort of Knitted Fabrics, International Journal of Thermal Sciences,46,pp

Rashid et al.

International Journal of therm1318-1322.


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Documents

Institutional Engineering and Technology (IET)ggfjournals.com/assets/uploads/MIN-290_(11-20)_FINAL_(OK).pdfInstitutional Engineering and Technology (IET) (Inst. Engg. Tech.) ... CONVENTIONAL