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Tobacco 101

Overview

Traditional tobacco

Commercial tobacco

Smokeless tobacco

Tobacco & Cancer

Tobacco & Diabetes

Tobacco & Secondhand smoke

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Traditional TobaccoStories

Many indigenous nations have traditional stories of how tobacco was introduced to their communities.

Many stories emphasized the sacredness of the plant and its powers to both heal if used properly and to harm us if used improperly!

Some say that the original tobacco was discovered about 18,000 years ago.

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Traditional TobaccoUses

Tobacco was used by our Medicine People for both healing and blessings.

Used as a smudge… to ward off pests when the people went out to hunt and gather (the original version of “OFF”) because it contains nicotine, a natural pesticide.

Given as a gift when welcoming guests to the community & as an offering to those requested to pray or share their wisdom.

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Traditional Vs. CommercialTobacco

TRADITIONAL COMMERCIAL

Smoked in a pipe for ceremonial purposes

Used as an offering to a healer, elder or other person as a sign of respect or thanks

Medicinal tobacco was often used as a painkiller

Deliberate targeting of specific consumer groups

Premeditated and conscious addition of chemicals that lead to addiction

Scarcely contains actual tobacco

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Commercial TobaccoContents

4000 Chemicals

40 Cancer causing agents

500 Poisons

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NicotinePoisonous

More addictive than cocaine and heroine

So powerful that farmers can’t use it to kill insects

Legal addiction

Use results in emotional dependence

Mood leveler

Users rely on it to control emotional responses to everyday life 7

Carbon Monoxide

The compound in car exhaust that causes death

Causes shortness of breath

Reduces the amount of oxygen blood can carry

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Tar

Sticky Residue that stains the fingers and teeth.

Contains benzopyrene, one of the deadliest cancer causing agents known.

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Chemicals

Acetone: fingernail polish remover

Ammonia: floor/toilet cleaner

Cadmium: batteries

Arsenic: rat poison

Methane: cow manure fumes

Formaldehyde: preserver of dead bodies

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Metals

Aluminum

Magnesium

Zinc

Silicon

Titanium

Silver

Lead

Copper

Mercury

Heavy metals

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NicotineHard Habit to Quit

On a milligram for milligram basis, is 10 timesmore potent than heroin as an addictive substance

Smoking is an over-learned behavior

Pack/day smoker estimates

6 doses (puffs)/cigarette

20 cigarettes per day

= 43,800 doses per year!

Few behaviors occur more often. . .

Breathing

Blinking 12

NicotineHard Habit to Quit

Withdrawal Symptoms

Anxiety 87% * Irritability 80% *

Difficulty Concentrating 73% *

Restlessness 71%

Tobacco

Cravings 62%

Gastrointestinal Problems 33%

Headaches 24% Drowsiness 22%

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TobaccoHealth Effects

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TobaccoHealth Effects

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TobaccoFacts & Stats

40% of all AN/AN deaths can be attributed to commercial tobacco use

50% of AI/AN teens reported some type of cigarette use (highest rate in the nation, out of all ethnic populations and age groups)

21% of AI/AN teens reported using smokeless tobacco

Teens are 3 times more likely to smoke if parent or sibling smokes

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TobaccoFacts & Stats

AI/AN’s 40.8%

African Americans22.4%

Whites23.6%

Hispanics 16.7%

Asian American/ 13.3% Pacific Islanders

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TobaccoFacts & Stats

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5

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15

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25

30

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Smoking Prevalence

Asian AmericanHispanicWhiteAI/AN

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TobaccoFacts & Stats

85% of teenagers who smoke two or more cigarettes completely, and overcome the initial discomforts of smoking, will become regular smokers.

In a study of high school seniors, only 5% of those who smoked believed they would still be smoking two years after graduation. In fact, 75% were still smoking eight years later.

One-third to one-half of young people who try cigarettes go on to be daily smokers.

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TobaccoCosts

Every pack of cigarettes sold in the U.S. costs the community $7.18 in medical care costs and lost productivity

IHS estimates $200 million is spent each year to treat tobacco related diseases

$75 billion in direct medical costs associated with tobacco use each year in U.S.

$82 billion unrealized due to loss of productivity as a result of tobacco abuse

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TobaccoIndividual Costs

A pack a day habit…

1 Year = $1,680 10 Years = $16,800 20 Years = $33,600

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TobaccoFacts & Stats

“If not one single young person started smoking from this day forward these losses [more than 400,000 deaths per year] would still continue unabated for 30 years.”

C. Everett Koop (US Surgeon General 1981-1989)

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Chew, Snuff, plug, leaf, and dip are all forms of smokeless tobacco

If you hold the average-sized dip in your mouth for 30 minutes you get as much nicotine as you would from 2-3 cigarettes

American Indian teenage girls have the highest prevalence rates of spit tobacco

43 % of Indian youth in the Northwest use spit tobacco

Smokeless TobaccoFacts & Stats

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Contains 28 cancer-causing chemicals

One can of Copenhagen is equal to 3 packs of cigarettes

Snuff dippers consume on average 10 times more cancer-causing substances (nitrosamines -- chemicals from the curing process) than cigarette smokers

Smokeless TobaccoFacts & Stats

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Effects of Smokeless Tobacco

Tooth Abrasion

Gum Disease

Gum Recession

Heart Disease and Stroke

Cancer in the mouth, pharynx (voice box), esophagus and pancreas.

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Effects of Smokeless Tobacco

Increased heart rate

Increased blood pressure

Bad breath

Reduced sense of smell

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Tobacco & Cancer

Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death among Indian women

Women’s death rates due to lung cancer have risen 600% since 1950

About 90% of all lung cancer deaths are attributable to smoking

Chewing tobacco and snuff contain 28 different carcinogens

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Tobacco & Cancer

Smoking is a major cause of cancers of the oropharynx (base of the tongue) and bladder among women.

Women who smoke have increased risks for cancers of the pancreas and kidney.

Larynx and esophagus cancer rates are also elevated.

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Tobacco & Cancer

Cancerous tumor in the lung

Small cell cancer in Smoker’s lung

Healthy lungs

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Tobacco & Cancer

Research shows that smokers infected with human papillomavirus have greater risk of developing invasive cervical cancer than nonsmokers with the virus.

Indian women have cervical cancer rates 3.5 times the national average. Tobacco is one of the behavioral factors considered to elevate the risk of cervical cancer.

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Tobacco & Diabetes

Smoking and Diabetes both reduce the amount of oxygen reaching your bodily tissues, resulting in poor circulation.

Smoking raises your blood sugar level making it harder to control your diabetes.

Of people with diabetes who need amputations, 95% are smokers.

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Tobacco & DiabetesNicotine is a vessel constrictor, reducing

the body’s blood flow. Smoking increases cholesterol levels and hardens arteries.

Diabetes increases cholesterol levels and the levels of some other fats in your blood.

The combined cardiovascular risks of smoking and diabetes is as high as 14 times those of either smoking or diabetes alone.

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Tobacco & DiabetesTogether, diabetes and tobacco use make it

twice as likely that you will develop heart and blood vessel disease.

People with diabetes who smoke are 3 times more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than are other people with diabetes.

Deaths from heart disease in women with diabetes have increased 23% over the past 30 years compared to a 27% decrease in women without diabetes.

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Secondhand Smoke

Smoke breathed out by a smoker and smoke from the burning end of cigarettes, cigars, pipes

Composed of nearly 4,000 different chemicals and over 150 toxins including carbon monoxide

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Children & Secondhand Smoke

38% of children aged 2 months to 5 years are exposed to SHS in the home.

Up to 2,000,000 ear infections each year

Nearly 530,000 doctor visits for asthma

Up to 436,000 episodes of bronchitis in children under five

Up to 190,000 cases of pneumonia in children under five

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Children & Secondhand Smoke

Coughing and wheezing

Asthma

Sore throats and colds

Eye irritation

Hoarseness

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Pregnancy & Secondhand Smoke

Pregnant women exposed to ETS 6 hours a day pass carcinogens to the blood of unborn

ETS for 2 hours a day causes 2 times risk of low birth weight

Miscarriage

Prematurity

Low birth weight

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

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What You Can Do…

If you smoke quit as soon as possible!

Do not allow smoking inside your home or car – protect others from Secondhand smoke.

Get involved with tobacco awareness campaigns – let others know about the risk!

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When You Quit…Within 20 Minutes:

Blood pressure drops to normal

Pulse rate returns to normal

Body temperature of hands and feet increases to normal

Within 8 Hours:

Carbon Monoxide level in blood drops to normal

Oxygen level in blood increases to normal

Smoker's breath disappears

Within 24 Hours:

Your chance of a heart attack decreases.

Within 48 Hours:

Nerve endings start to re-grow

Your ability to smell and taste is enhanced39

When You Quit…Within 72 Hours:

Bronchial tubes relax making it easier to breathe.

Lung capacity increases making it easier to do physical activities

Within 2 weeks - 3 months:

Circulation improves

Walking becomes easier

Lung function increases up to 30 %

Within 1 - 9 months:

Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath decrease

Energy level increases

Cilia re-grow in lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean lungs, reduce infection  40

When You Quit…Within One Year:

Risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker

Within Two Years:

Heart attack risk drops to near normal

Within 5 Years:

Lung cancer death rate for average pack-a-day smoker decreases by almost half

Stroke risk is reduced

Risk of mouth, throat and esophageal cancer is half that of a smoker 41

When You Quit…

Within 10 Years:

Lung cancer death rate is similar to that of a person who does not smoke.

The pre-cancerous cells are replaced.

Within 15 Years:

Risk of coronary heart disease is the same as a person who has never smoked.

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Thank you!

QuestionsComments

Stories

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