INSA · Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Khalid Shafiq Vohra Sanmar Shipping Limited 9 Cathedral Road, Chennai – 600 086 Tel: 044-28128500 Fax: 044-28112453 Email:

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Annual Review 2019

Greatship (India) Limited Indiabulls Finance Centre Tower 3, 23rd Floor Elphinstone Road (West) Mumbai – 400 013 Tel: 022-67207676 Fax: 022-66517428 Email: [email protected] Representatives: Mr. Ravi Sheth Mr. Pradyumna Naware

International Seaport Dredging Private Limited No.62/113, 5th Floor, Challam Tower Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai Road Chennai – 600004 Tel: 044-43239900 Fax: 044-43129901 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Rakesh Ranjan Khuntia

“K” Line (India) Shipping Private Limited C-1001, Marathon Futurex N.M. Joshi Marg Lower Parel (E) Mumbai – 400 013 Tel: 022-68180500 Fax: 022-68180599 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Kenichiro Matsui

LMCS Maritime Private Limited 2-B, Industry Manor Appasaheb Marathe Marg Prabhadevi, Mumbai - 400 025 Tel: 022-24220411 Fax: 022-24220401 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Prasad Kiran Thakur

L & T Sapura Shipping Private Limited L & T Business Park, 5th Floor, TC II Tower B, Gate No.5, Saki Vihar Road Powai, Mumbai - 400 072 Tel: 022-67059089 Fax: 022-67051246 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Bidyut Dutta

Ocean Sparkle Limited 1st Floor, 128, Srinagar Colony Hyderabad - 500 073 Tel: 040-23743507/23741138 Fax: 040-23748752 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. P. Jairaj Kumar

PCL Shipping Private Limited 901, ‘A’ Wing, Godrej Coliseum Off. Somaiya Road, Behind Everard Nagar Sion (East), Mumbai – 400 022 Tel: 022-24031332 Fax: 022-24031333 Email: [email protected] Representative: Capt. Prasad V. Gore

Polestar Maritime Limited 109, Bajaj Bhavan, 10th Floor Nariman Point Mumbai – 400 021 Tel: 022-66582800 Fax: 022-22025982 Email: [email protected] Representative: Capt. Anirudh Bhammar

Raj Shipping Agencies Limited Banaji Mansion, 17, Banaji Street Fort, Mumbai – 400 023 Tel: 022-22047272/22884721 Fax: 022-22873986 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Pervez Adi Mehta

Reliance Industries Limited Shipping Division Reliance Corporate Park Building No.7, ‘C’ Wing, 2nd Floor Thane-Belapur Road Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai – 400 701 Tel: 022-79680912(D) Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. M. V. Ramamurthy

Sai Shipping Company Private Limited 1109, Embassy Centre, 11th Floor Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400 021 Tel: 022-66513600 Fax: 022-22875178/22841127 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Khalid Shafiq Vohra

Sanmar Shipping Limited 9 Cathedral Road, Chennai – 600 086 Tel: 044-28128500 Fax: 044-28112453 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. C.V. Subba Rao

Sarat Chatterjee & Co. (Visakhapatnam) Pvt. Ltd. Sagar Estate, 2 Clive Ghat Road N.C. Dutta Sarani, 2nd Floor, Room No.10 Kolkata – 700 001 Tel: 033-8912565462 Fax: 033-8912569326 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. M. Suresh Kumar

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Indian National Shipowners’ Association

SEAMEC Limited 215, The Atrium, 901-905, 9th Floor Andheri Kurla Road Andheri (East), Mumbai – 400 093 Tel: 022-66941800 Fax: 022-66941818 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. S.N. Mohanty

Seaport Logistics Private Limited 85/42, Dheen Estate Moore Street, 1st Floor Chennai – 600 001 Tel: 044-42288102 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Mohammed Althaf

Seven Islands Shipping Limited Suite 4, Level 8, B Wing, Times Square Andheri Kurla Road, Andheri (East) Mumbai – 400 059 Tel: 022-42254225 Fax: 022-42254226 Email: [email protected] Representative: Capt. Thomas W. Pinto

Shanti Sagar International Dredging Pvt. Ltd. (Formerly Adani Food and Agro-Processing Park Pvt. Ltd.) Adani House, Nr. Mithakhali Six Roads, Navrangpura, Gujarat, Ahmedabad - 380 009 Tel: +91 79 2656555 Fax: +91 79 25555500 Email: [email protected] Representative: Col. Vinod George

Shreyas Shipping and Logistics Limited D-301-305, Level 3, Tower II, Seawoods Grand Central, Plot N. R1, Sector 40, Nerul Node, Navi Mumbai 400 706 Tel: 022-6811 0300 Fax: 022-6811 0333 Email: [email protected] Representative: Capt. V.K. Singh

Sima Marine (India) Private Limited Seawoods Grand Central, Tower 2, E-704-707, 7th Floor, Seawoods, Navi Mumbai - 400 706 Tel: 022-67339000 Fax: 022-67339001 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. K.P. Unnikrishnan

TCI Seaways (A Division of Transport Corpn. of India Limited) 92, 4th Floor, Gee Gee Crystal Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai, Mylapore Chennai – 600 004 Tel: 044-28117581/82/83 Fax: 044-28117573 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. R.U. Singh

The Great Eastern Shipping Company Limited Ocean House 134-A, Dr. Annie Besant Road Worli, Mumbai - 400 018 Tel: 022-24922100/24922200/66613000 Fax: 022-24921200 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Bharat K. Sheth

The India Cements Limited Shipping Division, Coromandel Towers, 2nd Floor 93, Santhome High Road Karpagam Avenue, R.A. Puram Chennai – 600 028 Tel: 044-28521526 Fax: 044-28572211 Email: [email protected] Representative: Capt. M.R. Balasubramani

The Shipping Corporation of India Limited Shipping House, 245 Madame Cama Road Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400 021 Tel: 022-22026666 Fax: 022-22022933/22026905 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mrs. H. K. Joshi

Tolani Shipping Company Limited 10-A, Bakhtawar Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400 021 Tel: 022-66568989 Fax: 022-22870697 Email: [email protected] Representative: Dr. (Mrs.) Sujata Naik

Triton Maritime Limited (A Parekh Group of Companies) Anchorage, Near Amarnath Patil Ground Off. Govandi Station Road Govandi (East), Mumbai – 400 088 Tel: 022-66344444 Fax: 022-66344533 Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Harsh J. Parekh

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Annual Review 2019

especially those coming up in PPP model with FDI, seldom call for open competitive bidding or follow any other guidelines of the government on the need to allot dredging contracts to Indian companies. They normally negotiate with the private/foreign dredging companies and award work to them.

Further, Indian dredging policy has evolved over a period of time in a manner that DCI has no support in the bidding process. Therefore, DCI is losing a fair chance of opportunity to get the work from the Indian dredging market.

DCI also finds it difficult to participate in several tenders which specify the age of the dredger in contracts. There are special clauses in tenders for dredging floated by major ports in terms of their hopper capacity and age. These disqualify several DCI’s old dredgers from such projects despite having more efficient/low cost than the competing dredgers.

On the other hand, DCI owns the state of the art dredgers which often results in increase in operational costs. This is not appreciated in a culture where L1 is the only benchmark followed for awarding contracts.

The fall in crude oil prices from 2015 resulted in lesser projects for the dredging industry and stagnation in the Middle East. This resulted in foreign players’ dredgers remaining idle and these were subsequently diverted to India and other markets. Due to under quoting by foreign companies and competition from private players, the dredging industry’s profitability has reduced substantially, pushing some players to exit from the market. Given the India costs payable by the Indian flag shipping and dredging industry, it would be justified that Indian flag players should be given some preference in the tendering process over foreign dredging companies by major ports.

International Environment

World economy and factors that influence sea trade

Seaborne Trade

The world economy consists of 193 economies. As per World Bank, the nominal world gross domestic product (GDP) was US$84,835.46 billion in 2018 and it is projected to be US$88,081.13 billion in 2019.

In line with projected growth in world GDP, world seaborne trade is projected by UNCTAD to expand at a compounded annual growth rate of 3.8%

Offshore market

The crude oil prices have exhibited volatility since October 2018 owing to various geopolitical tensions. It had touched a low of USD 50 per barrel in January 2019 and then rose to the level of USD 74 per barrel by April 2019. Thereafter it fell again to USD 56 per barrel in July 2019. The drone attack on Saudi Oil processing facility on September 14th 2019 saw a sudden spike in crude prices to push crude prices cross the USD 70 per barrel mark once again.

Due to some amount of optimism in the Oil market, Oilfield operators have enhanced their offshore operations resulting in a gradual recovery of offshore rig utilizations and subsequent Offshore vessel utilizations. The market enquiries have been increasing. However, surplus availability of offshore vessels continues to be a deterrent to significant increase in day rates.

The Indian Offshore vessel market in India has seen the demise of many small sized as well as a few large Offshore vessel companies such as GOL Offshore and TAG Offshore. Among the factors contributing to this, is the excessive supply of Indian Offshore vessels as well as some draconian action in rate reduction by ONGC who continues to be by far the largest Offshore vessel hirer in India.

The last six months have seen a slight rise in the day rates which were languishing at operating cost levels in earlier years and this has led to a small amount of cautious optimism in the offshore vessel industry.

Dredging industry

In 2019, 73.47% shares of Dredging Corporation of India were purchased by a consortium of four major ports i.e. Visakhapatnam Port Trust, Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, Deendayal Port Trust and Paradip Port Trust.

In India, the annual maintenance dredging requirement of all major ports is approximately 80 million cubic meters with the requirement either being perennial or in multiple or separate spells in a year.

The dredging depth requirement varies from 5 to 20 meters. The total estimated expenditure of all major ports on maintenance dredging is about Rs. 800-850 crore per year. The annual capital dredging requirement in Indian major ports is estimated at about 10 million cubic metres though it may vary from year to year.

The majority of the dredging demand in India is from the non-major/private ports. Private ports,

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between 2018 and 2023. The cargo volumes across all segments are set to grow according to the Review of Maritime Transport 2018. Tanker trade volumes are also projected to increase, although at a slightly slower pace than other market segments.

Although prospects for seaborne trade are positive, caution is advised given the uncertainty surrounding the sustainability of the recovery and related implications for shipping.

Much of the uncertainty emanates from geopolitical, economic and trade policy risks and structural shifts such as the rebalancing of the Chinese economy, slower growth of global value chains and changes in the global energy mix.

This is further amplified by the emergence of new trends, notably digitalization, which could alter the face of global shipping and redefine seaborne trade flows and patterns. How these factors will evolve and the extent to which they will support or derail the recovery in seaborne trade, remains unclear.

Maritime Business

At the start of 2019, the combined tonnage of the world merchant fleet stood at 1.88 billion DWT.

As of 1st January 2019, the top five ship owning economies (in terms of DWT) were Greece, Japan, China, Germany and the Republic of Korea with combined controlled fleet tonnage of 1.06 billion DWT – representing 57.9% of world merchant fleet tonnage.

The top five flags of registration were Panama, Marshall Islands, Liberia, Hong Kong and Singapore representing 59.6% of world merchant fleet tonnage. India stands at 17th rank representing 1% of world merchant fleet tonnage in DWT terms as on January 1st 2019 according to Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics.

As of 1st January 2019, the largest shipbuilding countries were China, Republic of Korea and Japan accounting for 88.9% of the world order book in terms of Gross Tonnage (GT).

In the ship-breaking sector, most of the ship demolitions took place in Asia; with Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Turkey accounting for 86.6% of ship scrapping in 2019 in terms of DWT. India is yet to ratify the Hong Kong Convention (HKC) and INSA is continuing with its efforts in this direction. As per BIMCO Manpower Report 2015, the largest suppliers of seafarers were China, Indonesia and the Philippines. The Government of India is continuing with its drive to train and supply more seafarers.

Ports

Shanghai and Singapore remained the best connected container ports in the world despite a fall in the number of carriers providing services through Singapore as on September 2019.

The newly developed Port Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, developed by MDS Transmodal and UNCTAD, describes the relative container shipping connectivity of ports, using a baseline of Hong Kong in the third quarter of 2006 when Hong Kong was the world’s best connected port.

Shanghai has improved its connectivity in the past year. Meanwhile Singapore’s has fallen slightly because of a decline in the number of services and lines serving the port.

Ningbo in China comes at a distant third behind Shanghai and Singapore while Hong Kong now ranks fifth in the index.

Rotterdam is at the top of the European and Mediterranean container shipping connectivity league.

By contrast Antwerp lost the top spot. Some Mediterranean ports like Barcelona, Valencia, Tanger Med and Piraeus, saw their indices rise in the past year with the deployment of additional capacity on the Far East-Mediterranean trade lane.

Update on Indian Shipping

IMO 2020 regulations deadline is fast approaching

All Indian shipping companies are gearing up for change over to low sulphur fuel oil as per IMO 2020 regulation. The uncertainty of availability of the suitable fuel seems to have resolved as the Indian Oil Corporation Limited has assured delivery of compliant fuel at major locations This compliant fuel is expected to cost US$ 100-150 more per metric tonne and what remains uncertain is the impact this increased cost for sea transportation will have on the attempted modal shift of cargo to sea

Indian fleet and the share of Indian flag ships in the carriage of Indian trade

The Ministry of Shipping has reported a slight increase in the share of Indian ships in the carriage of Indian cargo as can be seen from the chart below.

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Annual Review 2019

Share of countries in world tonnage

World Merchant Fleet (As on 1st January 2019)

(Ships of 1000 GT and over)

DWT rank Country of ControlTotal DWT %- share of

world totalNo. 1000 DWT

1 Greece 4850 380281 20.3

2 China, PR of 5663 270180 14.4

3 Japan 4100 241904 12.9

4 Germany 2790 95511 5.1

5 Korea, Rep. of 1625 79517 4.2

6 Norway 1736 74960 4.0

7 US 1178 59545 3.2

8 Singapore 1432 54823 2.9

9 Taiwan 958 51539 2.8

10 Italy 1100 48043 2.6

Furthermore, there is a continuing problem of cartelization amongst the foreign shipping companies which has a detrimental impact on India’s trade, particularly on its exports due to freight rates.

Historically, in the absence of a strong Indian fleet, foreign operators have played havoc with freight rates, leading to increase in costs to the ultimate consumer. In the 1970s, shipping cartels would dictate freight rates with impunity, forcing countries such as India with an inadequate shipping fleet in relation to its growing EXIM trade, into virtual freight subjugation. In such an environment, opportunities for opening new markets for exports and diversifying sources of imports also gets considerably compromised.

Hence, in the evolving geopolitical scenario, India which has a vital stake in the rapid expansion of its foreign trade, would have become a virtual hostage to economically strong maritime nations of the world, if it had chosen to forego the opportunity to develop its own shipping fleet, concurrently.

The following experience of India in the past is a pointer to the fact that the presence of a national shipping fleet serves as a deterrent to international cartels and monopolies and has a moderating effect on freight rates charged by foreign flag shipping:

• The introduction of container vessels by Shipping Corporation of India on UK/Continental route in 1990s resulted in the box rates declining by US$300 to US$400.

• Similarly, with the introduction of Indian edible oil tankers, the freight levels were brought down for import shipment of cargoes from US$28/MT to

US$17/MT for West Coast India. The freight was pushed up to US$35/MT when Indian tankers were diverted to oil trade due to lack of support by the concerned canalizing agency (STC).

•With the acquisition of Indian OSVs for employment with ONGC in 1982-83, the charter rates came down from around US$4600 per day and the rates were steady thereafter for years at around US$2500/US$2800 per day.

•With the acquisition of Indian LPG carriers, the freight rates dropped from US$55 per tonne to below US$40 per tonne.

The need to ensure development of a strong Indian merchant fleet continues to be a paramount necessity. The existence of a strong and viable national fleet serves as a balancing factor and helps to dampen freight rates in the shipment of EXIM trade and to maintain export competitiveness.

National guidelines for employment of Indian seafarers on Indian flag vessels

The Directorate General of Shipping (DGS) is in the process of drafting national guidelines for employment of Indian seafarers on board Indian flag vessels in line with the Labour Rules 2016 and MLC 2006.

A committee formed for this purpose consisting of representatives from Indian National Shipowners’ Association (INSA) is engaged in drafting the guidelines after taking into consideration the requirements under Labour Rules 2016, MLC 2006 and various other circulars/directives issued by the

Source: Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics

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DGS in relation to employment of seafarers and most importantly the good practices.

The guidelines broadly specify seafarers’ wages, service conditions, financial terms, other benefits such as leave, travel, medical assistances, repatriation, hours of rest and grievance redressal mechanism as required under MLC 2006 and Labour Rules 2016.

These guidelines, when finalized and approved, would have to be taken into an account while negotiating wage agreements with the Unions. The present Indian National Shipowners’ Association (INSA)-Maritime Union of India (MUI) Agreement 2015-2019 and the Indian National Shipowners’ Association (INSA)-National Maritime Board (NMB) 2015-2019 would also have to be modified, as necessary, to incorporate the provisions of the above guidelines.

The guidelines specify the following conditions to be adopted for entering into an agreement with the Seafarers’ Union for finalization of Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBA) and Seafarers’ Employment Agreement (SEA).

i. The shipowner’s organization shall be permitted to enter into CBA with the seafarers’ organization.

ii. Alternatively, an individual shipowner may enter into an agreement with the seafarers, serving on board their vessel, for which SEA (Seafarers Employment Agreement) could be signed with the individual seafarer. However, this case requires shipping companies to pay minimum ILO wages.

iii. On account of the different sizes of Indian vessels, engaged in various operations around the Indian coast, no consensus has been so far reached between the committee members regarding the minimum wages to be paid to the seafarers especially on small vessels of less than 250 GT, barges and tugs.

This matter continues to be under discussion with the Directorate for finalization of the guidelines.

INSA wage agreements

The INSA-MUI Agreement for 2015-2019 and the INSA-NMB Agreement for 2015-2019 both expired on 31-3-2019.

The negotiations for the next agreements will commence after finalization of the Directorate General of Shipping (DGS) guidelines for employment of seafarers on Indian flag vessels.

Until the finalization of the new agreements, the previously signed agreements will continue to remain in force. The forthcoming agreements will ensure that there is no disparity in wages paid to seafarers by members of INSA and that all owner operators pay uniform wages within their class of vessels.

NMB issue – Verification of seafarers’ union for determination of majority status

An obligation under the NMB Constitution requires INSA to determine one seafarers union which has the maximum members serving on ships of INSA member companies.

INSA had written a letter dated 13-3-2019 to Chief Labour Commissioner (Central) for undertaking verification of the Unions for determination of majority status. This will enable INSA to decide as to with which union, the next NMB negotiations for 2019-2024, should be initiated.

Trainee employment agreement

The Indian Labour Rules 2016 published by the Government of India, govern seafarers service conditions on board Indian flag vessels, in line with MLC 2006. They specify that any person who is employed or engaged or works in any capacity on board a ship, is a seafarer and the service conditions specified in the Labour Rules/MLC are applicable to all persons employed on board a vessel.

In compliance with above, a Trainee Employment Agreement has been formulated, covering all service conditions under MLC. The trainees are exempted by the Directorate from any contributions towards PF or any other funds as well as from related benefits.

The above Trainee Agreement will come into force only when the national guidelines for employment of Indian seafarers on board Indian flag vessels are finalized by the Directorate. When Trainee Employment Agreement comes into force, it would replace indentures and streamline the service conditions of the trainees on board vessels.

Reduction of trainees on board Indian flag vessels

Some INSA members have reported that they are facing huge surplus of junior officers, who have obtained their CoCs, after completion of their training, and have reported back for joining as junior officers. However, these member companies are not in a position to offer them employment, due to surplus junior officers on their rosters.

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Annual Review 2019

While there are surplus junior officers available in the market, there is a reported shortage of trained certified Electrical Officers. The above shortage could be attributed to the non-availability of accommodation on board the vessels to accommodate trainee electrical officers for their mandatory sea time of 4 months prior to be eligible for examination to obtain their CoCs.

Taking all of this into consideration, this matter has been taken up with the Directorate, with a request for substitution of one trainee with a trainee electrical officer, without affecting the present requirement under tonnage tax in the ratio of 1.5:10.

Engagement of Indian officers holding certificate of competency (COC) issued under STCW Reg. II/2 and III/2 from Australia, Singapore, Ireland and New Zealand in addition to UK

In order to overcome the shortage of senior experienced officers to man VLCCs, LPG, container and other specialized vessels, INSA in 2014 had requested DG Shipping to grant permission to Indian officers holding CoCs from the countries mentioned above to sail on Indian flag vessels. The permission granted by the DGS has been extended upto 31-12-2019.

INSA has written to DGS requesting for extension of this permission for at least two years beyond 31-12-2019.

Preparation of Maritime Training Insights Database (MarTID)

MarTID is a non-commercial initiative collaboratively founded by the World Maritime University, New Wave Media and Marine Learning Systems. The MarTID – the global Maritime Training Insights Database – is designed to provide a global picture of maritime training, offering the global maritime community data on current and emerging training trends and techniques, staffing models, training focus areas, training tools, training resource allocation and assessment practices. The MarTID reports are free and distributed widely to reach a global audience.

A summary of its first report in 2018 on “Training Practices” was discussed within INSA, wherein it was observed that the data in the report used for evaluation of training institutes and maritime industry including delivery of training and performance of the professionals trained was predominantly focused on Europe. As such, it was found that this could possibly not be representative of the Indian industry.

Taking into consideration that training and quality is critical for retaining as well as for enhancement of Indian market share in the supply of quality seafarers internationally, it was decided that a custom made study of all aspects of maritime education and training in India including DGS approved training institutes would be carried out by a professional body, taking all parameters as considered by the MarTID report into consideration.

The above project of study and preparation of report is undertaken by INSA in collaboration with its member lines’ training institutes viz. Tolani Maritime Institute (TMI), Maritime Training Institute (MTI) and Great Eastern Institute of Maritime Studies (GEIMS).

Closure of INSA’s facilitation centre from August 2019

In order to expedite issuance of Watch-keeping certificates (WKC), Tanker Endorsements (TE) to Ratings and to be able to comply with requirements under STCW 2010, DG Shipping vide its circular dated 28-12-2012, had authorized INSA, to scrutinize documents of ratings serving on board INSA member companies and issue the above certificates as per their eligibility.

INSA commenced issuance of above certificates from 1-1-2013 on behalf of the DGS and as per its directives and procedures. In 2015, the additional categories of Able Seaman and Electrical Trainee Rating were introduced by the Directorate for issuance of Certificate of Proficiency (COP) to these ratings.

Subsequent to the introduction of e-governance in the DGS which has eased the process of obtaining these certificates, INSA has discontinued its facilitation centre from August 2019.

Note: “The data contained in this report has been sourced from various publications of UNCTAD, Clarksons, Indian Port Association, Institute of Shipping Economics & Logistics and the Lloyds List. However, the views professed in the report and conclusions drawn are

those of INSA alone.”

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Annual Review 2019

WORLD1. WORLD GDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212. WORLD SEABORNE TRADE 2.1 . . . . World Seaborne Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.2 . . . . Development of International Seaborne Trade, Selected Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233. WORLD MERCHANT FLEET 3.1 . . . . Top Countries of Control - By Major Ship Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.2 . . . . World Merchant Fleet - By Country of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.3 . . . . World Merchant Fleet Ranking - By Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.4 . . . . World Tonnage - On Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.5 . . . . World Tonnage - On Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.6 . . . . World Merchant Fleet Development - By Ship Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.7 . . . . Additions to World Merchant Fleet - By Ship Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.8 . . . . Ownership of the World Fleet - Ranked By Dead-Weight Tonnage, 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.9 . . . . Growth of World Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.10 . . . Growth of World Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.11 . . . Development of Mobile Offshore Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.12 . . . World Merchant Fleet Development - By Ship Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.13 . . . General Cargo Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.14 . . . Multipurpose (MPP) Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.15 . . . Containership Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.16 . . . Containership Fleet Development - By Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.17 . . . Containership Fleet - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.18 . . . World’s Top 50 Container Ports - Rank and Throughout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.19 . . . Reefer Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.20 . . . Tanker Fleet Development - By Hull Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.21 . . . Tanker Fleet - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.22 . . . Tanker Fleet Development - By Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.23 . . . Crude Tanker Fleet - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.24 . . . Product Tanker Fleet - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.25 . . . Specialised Tanker Fleet - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.26 . . . Chemical Tanker Fleet - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.27 . . . Development of the total IMO - Graded Tanker Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.28 . . . Development of the IMO 1 Graded Tanker Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.29 . . . Development of the IMO 2 Graded Tanker Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.30 . . . Development of the IMO 3 Graded Tanker Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.31 . . . Combined Carrier Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3.32 . . . Pure Car Carrier (PCC) Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 3.33 . . . RO-RO Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.34 . . . Top Flags of Registration - By Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3.35 . . . Total Bulk Carrier Fleet - By Country of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.36 . . . Bulk Carrier Fleet Development - By Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.37 . . . Bulk Carrier Fleet - By Size and Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.38 . . . LPG Carrier Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.39 . . . LPG Carrier Fleet Development - By Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.40 . . . LPG Carriers - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.41 . . . LNG Carrier Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.42 . . . LNG Carrier Fleet Development - By Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.43 . . . LNG Carrier Fleet - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.44 . . . Cruise Fleet Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.45 . . . Cruise Fleet - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.46 . . . Cruise Fleet - By Size and Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614. MERCHANT SHIPS ON ORDER - BY MAjOR TYPES AND COuNTRY OF BuILD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625. FREIGHT RATES 5.1 . . . . Fearnleys - Time Charter Rates for Tankers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5.2 . . . . Tanker Freight Rates and Timecharter Rates of Tankers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5.3 . . . . Charter Rates of Gas Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.4 . . . . Freight and Timecharter Rates of Dry Bulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.5 . . . . Charter Rates of Liner Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.6 . . . . Day rates of Mobile Offshore Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

20


6.1 NEWBuILDING PRICES 6.1(a) . . Newbuilding Prices of Liner Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 6.1(b) . . Newbuilding Prices of Tanker and Bulk Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 6.1(c) . . Newbuilding Prices of LPG and LNG Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 6.2(a) . . Second Hand Liner Vessel Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 6.2(b) . . Second Hand Bulk Carrier Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 6.2(c) . . Second Hand Tanker Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737. TONNAGE SCRAPPED 7.1 . . . . Tonnage Scrapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 7.2 . . . . Tonnage Scrapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 7.3 . . . . Reported Broken-Up Ships - By Scrapping Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 7.4 . . . . Broken-Up Ships - By Scrapping Country and Type (2018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 7.5 . . . . Reported Broken-Up Ships - By Country of Control and Type (2018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 7.6 . . . . Monthly Demolition Prices By Area - Far East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 7.7 . . . . Monthly Demolition Prices By Area - Pakistan/India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 TOTAL SHIP DELIVERIES 8.1 . . . . Total Ship Deliveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 8.2 . . . . Total Ship Deliveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809. WORLDWIDE BuNKER PRICE TRENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8110. PROjECTED WORLD WIDE DEMAND AND SuPPLY OF SEAFARERS 10.1 . . . Demand of Seafarers for 2010, 2015 and projection for 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 10.2 . . . Supply of Seafarers for 2010, 2015 and projection for 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 10.3 . . . Supply-Demand Balance for Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 10.4 . . . Global Supply and Demand of Seafarers in 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82INDIA11. ECONOMIC INDICATORS 11.1 . . . India’s Macroeconomic Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 11.2 . . . Commodity Composition of Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 11.3 . . . Commodity Composition of Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 11.4 . . . Destination-wise Export and Import (Top 25 countries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8612. DATA ON INDIAN SHIPPING 12.1. . . . Share of Indian Ships in India’s Overseas Trade during 2016-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 12.2 . . . Share of Indian Ships in India’s Overseas Trade during 2017-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 12.3 . . . Tonnage Targets And Achievements During Successive Five Year Plan Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 12.4 . . . Tonnage in Operation And Gross Additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 12.5 . . . Category-wise Analysis of Indian Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 12.6 . . . Age Profile of Indian Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 12.7 . . . Participation of Indian Ships in India’s Overseas Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 12.8 . . . Growth of Overall Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 12.9 . . . Commodity-wise Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 12.10 . . Category-wise Vessel Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 12.11 . . Overseas and Coastal Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 12.12 . . Commodity-wise Coastal Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 12.13 . . Container Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 12.14 . . Detailed Break-up of Container Traffic in FY18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 12.15 . . Detailed Break-up of Container Traffic in FY19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 12.16 . . Container Traffic at Major Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 12.17 . . Details of Transhipment of Containers at Major Ports during FY19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 12.18 . . Commodity-wise Traffic At Non-Major Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 12.19 . . Traffic Handled at Minor and Intermediate Ports (Maritime Statewise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 12.20 . . Growth of Cargo Handling Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 12.21 . . Capacity at Indian Ports as on 31.03.2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 12.22 . . Per Tonne Handling Cost at Indian Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 12.23 . . Commodity-wise Average Turn Round Time at Indian Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 12.24 . . Commodity-wise Average Pre-Berthing Time at Indian Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 12.25 . . Commodity-wise Average Output Per Ship Berthday at Indian Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 12.26 . . Port Labour Productivity (Output Per Gang Shift) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 12.27 . . Quantum of Dredging Carried Out By Port And Other Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 12.28 . . Tonnage Owned By Indian Shipping Companies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11013. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS BY OWNERSHIP ORIGIN AND TOP 50 ECONOMIES BY NuMBER OF SHIPS 2019 . . . . . . . . . 12014. TRENDS IN PSC DETENTIONS OF INDIAN FLAG VESSELS - 2003-2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12115. TARIFFS AND THEIR ESTIMATED IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL MARITIME TRADE, 2018- 2019 (MILLION TONS) . . . . . . . . . 122

21

Annual Review 2019

1. WORLD GDP

(% year on year)

Country/Region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 20172018

(e)2019

(f)2020

(f)

France 0.3 -2.9 1.9 2.2 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.6

Germany 0.8 -5.6 3.9 3.7 0.7 0.6 2.2 1.5 2.2 2.5 1.5 1.3 1.6

Italy -1.1 -5.5 1.7 0.6 -2.8 -1.7 0.1 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.9

United Kingdom -0.3 -4.2 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.0 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6

Poland 4.3 2.8 3.6 5.0 1.6 1.4 3.3 3.8 3.0 4.7 4.4 3.5 3.0

Hungary 0.9 -6.6 0.7 1.7 -1.6 2.1 4.2 3.4 2.2 4.0 4.0 3.3 2.6

Total European Union 0.7 -4.2 2.0 1.8 -0.3 0.3 1.9 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.2 2.0 1.8

Russia 5.2 -7.8 4.5 5.1 3.7 1.8 0.7 -2.5 -0.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7

China 9.6 9.2 10.6 9.5 7.9 7.8 7.3 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.6 6.2 6.2

Japan -1.1 -5.4 4.2 -0.1 1.5 2.0 0.4 1.4 1.0 1.9 0.9 1.1 0.5

Korea 2.8 0.7 6.5 3.7 2.3 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.8

Singapore 1.8 -0.6 15.2 6.4 4.1 5.1 3.9 2.2 2.4 3.6 2.9 2.5 2.7

India 3.9 8.5 10.3 6.6 5.5 6.4 7.4 8.2 7.1 6.7 7.3 7.5 7.7

Malaysia 4.8 -1.5 7.5 5.3 5.5 4.7 6.0 5.1 4.2 5.9 4.7 4.6 4.8

Thailand 1.7 -0.7 7.5 0.8 7.2 2.7 1.0 3.0 3.3 3.9 4.6 3.9 3.7

Hong Kong 2.1 -2.5 6.8 4.8 1.7 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.2 3.8 3.8 2.9 3.0

Taiwan 0.7 -1.6 10.6 3.8 2.1 2.2 4.0 0.8 1.4 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.3

Emerging and Developing Asia 7.2 7.5 9.6 7.9 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.4

United States -0.1 -2.5 2.6 1.6 2.2 1.8 2.5 2.9 1.6 2.2 2.9 2.5 1.8

Canada 1.0 -3.0 3.1 3.1 1.7 2.5 2.9 1.0 1.4 3.0 2.1 1.9 1.9

Africa 5.8 3.8 7.1 5.1 4.6 5.2 5.1 3.3 1.4 2.9 2.9 3.5 3.6

Argentina 4.1 -5.9 10.1 6.0 -1.0 2.4 -2.5 2.7 -1.8 2.9 -2.6 -1.6 2.2

Brazil 5.1 -0.1 7.5 4.0 1.9 3.0 0.5 -3.5 -3.5 1.1 1.3 2.5 2.2

Chile 3.6 -1.6 5.8 6.1 5.3 4.1 1.8 2.3 1.3 1.5 4.0 3.4 3.2

Mexico 1.1 -5.3 5.1 3.7 3.6 1.4 2.8 3.3 2.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2

Total Latin America 4.0 -2.0 6.1 4.6 2.9 2.9 1.3 0.3 -0.6 1.3 1.1 2.0 2.5

Total Middle East 4.6 0.9 4.6 4.4 4.8 2.6 2.9 2.5 5.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 3.0

Advanced economies 0.2 -3.3 3.1 1.7 1.2 1.4 2.1 2.3 1.7 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.7

Developing Countries 5.7 2.8 7.4 6.4 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.9

WORLD 3.0 -0.1 5.4 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6

Source: Clarkson Research Services - Spring 2019

22


2. WORLD SEABORNE TRADE2.1 World Seaborne Trade

(In million tonnes)

Year IronOreCoal

Grain*Minor

Bulk

TotalDry

BulkContainer

OtherDry

TotalDry

CrudeOil

OilProducts

TotalOil

GasChemicals

GrandTotalCoking Steam LPG LNG

1990 356 158 173 195 791 1673 238 632 2544 1133 415 1548 33 58 103 4286

1991 363 162 189 195 778 1687 260 659 2607 1210 375 1584 35 58 104 4388

1992 343 158 199 202 792 1693 284 680 2657 1332 381 1713 37 60 104 4571

1993 358 160 198 182 810 1708 313 692 2713 1318 414 1732 39 62 114 4659

1994 383 162 209 178 870 1801 347 626 2774 1394 411 1805 38 66 124 4807

1995 404 165 238 193 915 1914 378 657 2949 1455 444 1899 39 68 130 5085

1996 392 166 256 198 941 1953 408 721 3082 1488 487 1975 41 74 134 5306

1997 426 173 275 211 998 2083 446 751 3279 1583 481 2065 43 83 137 5607

1998 423 170 281 209 1026 2109 478 695 3282 1537 473 2010 40 85 141 5558

1999 399 160 298 223 1078 2158 534 801 3493 1590 501 2091 43 93 152 5872

2000 447 172 337 230 1151 2337 599 829 3765 1676 561 2237 45 103 157 6306

2001 449 171 375 234 1148 2377 631 830 3838 1666 540 2206 42 107 159 6353

2002 477 165 391 232 1206 2471 682 871 4023 1632 552 2184 44 113 168 6533

2003 512 167 432 234 1272 2618 790 807 4215 1767 583 2350 47 125 172 6909

2004 589 172 469 225 1393 2847 897 762 4507 1858 641 2499 51 132 178 7366

2005 660 180 491 248 1476 3055 986 741 4781 1880 704 2585 52 142 185 7745

2006 709 177 535 255 1535 3212 1074 724 5009 1894 751 2645 52 160 196 8063

2007 773 189 572 277 1636 3448 1195 641 5283 1919 782 2701 55 171 207 8418

2008 837 196 594 284 1606 3517 1249 695 5486 1913 812 2725 55 173 212 8627

2009 897 185 619 297 1403 3402 1112 679 5192 1807 819 2625 54 183 217 8271

2010 990 228 698 317 1593 3825 1266 730 5821 1876 865 2741 55 222 233 9071

2011 1050 218 780 315 1713 4076 1382 714 6173 1844 899 2743 59 247 246 9467

2012 1107 225 886 345 1754 4317 1427 752 6497 1896 898 2794 61 240 254 9845

2013 1188 259 924 363 1847 4581 1501 779 6861 1824 939 2763 64 241 264 10193

2014 1340 256 960 407 1867 4830 1588 810 7227 1787 930 2717 72 246 267 10529

2015 1364 245 891 429 1899 4828 1624 830 7282 1862 998 2859 80 250 279 10749

2016 1418 246 894 450 1893 4900 1698 855 7453 1938 1036 2975 88 268 283 11068

2017 1473 256 944 477 1949 5098 1797 889 7784 2004 1055 3059 90 292 304 11529

2018(e) 1473 263 976 477 2023 5213 1874 915 8002 2027 1067 3094 96 319 320 11832

2019(f) 1480 271 993 496 2089 5329 1954 941 8224 2059 1099 3158 102 347 336 12168

2020(f) 1501 278 1005 511 2153 5448 2033 965 8446 2121 1143 3263 108 372 352 12541

Average Growth

2000-18 6.9% 2.4% 6.1% 4.1% 3.2% 4.6% 6.5% 0.6% 4.3% 1.1% 3.6% 1.8% 4.3% 6.5% 4.1% 3.6%

2019(f) 0.5% 3.0% 1.7% 4.0% 3.2% 2.2% 4.3% 2.9% 2.8% 1.6% 3.0% 2.1% 6.4% 8.6% 5.0% 2.8%

2020(f) 1.4% 2.4% 1.3% 3.0% 3.1% 2.2% 4.0% 2.5% 2.7% 3.0% 4.0% 3.3% 5.7% 7.2% 4.8% 3.1%

Bulk and oil trades as per “Dry Bulk Trade Outlook” and “Oil & Tanker Trade Outlook”, respectively. *Includes soybeans Source: Clarksons Research Services - Spring 2019

23

Annual Review 2019

2.2 Development of International Seaborne Trade, Selected Years

(Millions of tons loaded)

Year Oil & Gas Main bulksDry cargo other than main bulks

Total(all cargoes)

1970 1440 448 717 2605

1980 1871 608 1225 3704

1990 1755 988 1265 4008

2000 2163 1186 2635 5984

2005 2422 1579 3108 7109

2006 2698 1676 3328 7702

2007 2747 1811 3478 8036

2008 2742 1911 3578 8231

2009 2641 1998 3218 7857

2010 2752 2232 3423 8408

2011 2785 2364 3625 8775

2012 2840 2564 3791 9195

2013 2828 2734 3951 9513

2014 2825 2964 4054 9842

2015 2932 2930 4161 10023

2016 3058 3009 4228 10295

2017 3146 3151 4419 10716

2018 3194 3210 4601 11005

Note: Figures for 2018 are estimates based on preliminary data or on the last year for which data were available.Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2019

24


3. WORLD MERCHANT FLEET3.1 Top Countries of Control - By Major Ship Types

(As on 1st January 2019) (Ships of 1000 GT and over)

DWT-RANK

Country of control

Tankers Bulk carriers Container ships General cargo ships Passenger ships Total DWT %- share

of world total

No.1000

No.1000

No.1000

No.1000

No.1000

No.1000 1000

DWT DWT DWT DWT DWT DWT TEu

1 Greece 1738 164514 2237 185946 483 26030 247 3483 145 308 4850 380281 2161 20.3

2 China, PR of 1150 58368 2317 157912 645 39981 1370 13425 181 493 5663 270180 3780 14.4

3 Japan 1031 54473 1700 149408 296 19928 944 17709 129 386 4100 241904 1852 12.9

4 Germany 322 12529 346 24006 1121 48698 935 10075 66 203 2790 95511 4394 5.1

5 Korea, Rep. of 564 23847 394 44555 204 7076 430 3940 33 99 1625 79517 578 4.2

6 Norway 632 40549 244 20331 74 4228 614 9678 172 174 1736 74960 525 4.0

7 US 358 32392 255 20023 78 3137 175 2230 312 1763 1178 59545 288 3.2

8 Singapore 829 30326 248 13772 209 8702 141 2012 5 11 1432 54823 743 2.9

9 Taiwan 160 7726 378 29206 262 12633 151 1967 7 7 958 51539 1021 2.8

10 Italy 379 16523 162 11229 210 16000 185 3575 164 716 1100 48043 1403 2.6

11 Denmark 342 13102 64 3200 344 28224 137 1101 40 116 927 45745 2446 2.4

12 Hong Kong (SAR) 229 10490 395 23908 44 803 259 2367 5 15 932 37584 77 2.0

13 UK 225 9889 162 12278 147 7951 163 1708 60 162 757 31987 685 1.7

14 Canada 160 15257 135 5302 113 10455 39 422 76 114 523 31550 929 1.7

15 Turkey 313 6465 285 15010 94 2733 727 4283 65 98 1484 28589 329 1.5

16 Belgium 134 20238 49 6416 23 930 41 518 - - 247 28103 80 1.5

17 India 174 12420 159 10676 10 230 397 1127 30 46 770 24499 27 1.3

18 Russia 499 16084 99 2314 23 314 805 3749 26 56 1452 22517 126 1.2

19 Indonesia 489 8814 211 5041 218 2554 762 3019 255 361 1935 19789 228 1.1

20 Saudi Arabia 120 17254 5 409 1 5 17 209 10 26 153 17904 8 1.0

21 Iran 60 13696 32 2010 25 1123 80 517 5 4 202 17349 105 0.9

22 France 55 943 22 1290 149 13415 30 149 57 167 313 15964 1154 0.9

23 UAE 270 7929 82 3987 58 1472 119 801 8 15 537 14205 125 0.8

24 Malaysia 174 12328 27 790 23 269 85 383 16 79 325 13848 22 0.7

25 Bermuda - - 65 11750 - - 2 45 - - 67 11796 0 0.6

26 Netherlands 155 3093 39 2597 68 934 600 4905 11 14 873 11542 264 0.6

27 Switzerland 95 4987 71 3240 2 19 27 429 - - 195 8675 10 0.5

28 Viet Nam 176 2503 166 2990 45 475 537 2655 - - 924 8624 44 0.5

29 Oman 37 6177 5 1679 1 7 1 8 5 6 49 7877 1 0.4

30 Thailand 186 2930 59 2967 50 726 79 615 5 3 379 7241 60 0.4

Total top 30 countries 11056 625846 10413 774241 5020 259056 10099 97105 1888 5442 38476 1761690 23465 94.1

Others/Unknown 1521 51297 726 38461 215 6005 2295 14194 506 1170 5263 111127 809 5.9

World Total 12577 677144 11139 812703 5235 265062 12394 111298 2394 6612 43739 1872817 24275 100.0

% share of total 28.8 36.2 25.5 43.4 12.0 14.2 28.3 5.9 5.5 0.4 100.0 100.0

Source: ISL Shipping Statistics & Market Review

25

Annual Review 2019

3.2 World Merchant Fleet - By Country of Control

(As on 1st January 2019)(Ships of 1000 GT and over)

DWT-rank2019

Country of control

National flag Foreign flags Total fleet controlled Foreignflag DWT% shareNo.

1000 DWT

1000 TEu

Av. Age(Years) No.

1000 DWT

1000 TEu

Av. Age(Years) No.

1000 DWT

1000 TEu

Av. Age(Years)

1 Greece 686 65616 49 14.6 4164 314665 2111 11.2 4850 380281 2161 11.7 82.7

2 China, PR of 2987 85579 881 12.2 2676 184601 2899 11.4 5663 270180 3780 11.8 68.3

3 Japan 820 35724 154 11.9 3280 206179 1698 8.2 4100 241904 1852 8.9 85.2

4 Germany 187 8320 600 15.6 2603 87191 3795 11.7 2790 95511 4394 12.0 91.3

5 Korea, Rep. of 709 11374 110 17.9 916 68143 468 11.2 1625 79517 578 14.1 85.7

6 Norway 539 16676 59 15.6 1197 58284 466 13.5 1736 74960 525 14.1 77.8

7 US 208 4975 90 22.2 970 54570 199 13.8 1178 59545 288 15.3 91.6

8 Singapore 712 27055 353 9.4 720 27768 390 14.3 1432 54823 743 11.9 50.7

9 Taiwan 119 5485 156 16.3 839 46054 865 12.5 958 51539 1021 13.0 89.4

10 Italy 437 11625 75 17.6 663 36418 1328 10.8 1100 48043 1403 13.5 75.8

11 Denmark 363 20337 1419 14.3 564 25407 1027 11.1 927 45745 2446 12.4 55.5

12 Hong Kong (SAR) 422 22412 28 9 510 15171 48 18.7 932 37584 77 14.3 40.4

13 UK 189 5737 107 13.2 568 26251 578 11.8 757 31987 685 12.2 82.1

14 Canada 125 1529 7 25.1 398 30021 921 10.7 523 31550 929 14.1 95.2

15 Turkey 457 6831 107 21.4 1027 21758 222 19.0 1484 28589 329 19.8 76.1

16 Belgium 82 9917 1 10.5 165 18185 79 9.9 247 28103 80 10.1 64.7

17 India 627 15532 20 13.9 143 8967 7 12.2 770 24499 27 13.6 36.6

18 Russia 1114 7144 89 29 338 15373 36 19.5 1452 22517 126 26.8 68.3

19 Indonesia 1855 18150 212 23.3 80 1639 16 19.2 1935 19789 228 23.1 8.3

20 Saudi Arabia 107 12846 8 14.9 46 5058 1 18.1 153 17904 8 15.9 28.3

21 Iran 145 3914 105 19.7 57 13436 - 14.1 202 17349 105 18.1 77.4

22 France 109 3257 220 14.5 204 12707 934 10.3 313 15964 1154 11.8 79.6

23 UAE 45 232 3 14 492 13973 121 20.3 537 14205 125 19.8 98.4

24 Malaysia 198 6400 21 17.4 127 7449 1 14.4 325 13848 22 16.2 53.8

25 Bermuda - - - - 67 11796 0 9.5 67 11796 0 9.5 100.0

26 Netherlands 564 4706 194 12.6 309 6837 70 13.7 873 11542 264 13.0 59.2

27 Switzerland 30 1225 4 8 165 7450 7 11.3 195 8675 10 10.8 85.9

28 Viet Nam 809 7012 40 12.5 115 1611 4 18.9 924 8624 44 13.3 18.7

29 Oman 5 6 - 12 44 7871 1 8.1 49 7877 1 8.5 99.9

30 Thailand 306 4710 29 25.9 73 2530 31 15.1 379 7241 60 23.8 34.9

Total 30 countries 14956 424324 5141 16.5 23520 1337366 18324 12.2 38476 1761690 23465 13.8 75.9

Others 2264 32316 222 23.6 2565 72958 394 24.7 4829 105275 616 24.2 69.3

Sub-total 17220 456640 5363 17.4 26085 1410324 18719 13.0 43305 1866964 24081 14.7 75.5

Unknown - - - - - - - - 434 5852 193 24.2 -

World Total 43739 1872817 24274 14.8

Source: ISL Shipping Statistics and Market Review

26


3.3 World Merchant Fleet Ranking - By Flag


DWT-rank january 1st

Flag

january 1st 2018 january 1st 2019 DWT% shareof total2019 (2018) No. ofShips

1000GT

1000DWT

1000TEu

No. ofShips

1000GT

1000DWT

1000TEu

1 (2) Panama 6395 212134 326118 3132 6398 211917 323031 3291 17.22 (3) Marshall Islands 3117 140951 229735 1282 3255 146245 237316 1267 12.6

3 (4) Liberia 3160 139109 218893 3798 3332 149541 236874 3876 12.6

4 (5) Hong Kong (SAR) 2462 112401 180585 2932 2544 124263 197725 3454 10.5

5 (6) Singapore 2333 82723 124563 2226 2326 84497 126533 2345 6.7

6 (7) Malta 2036 71445 107748 1519 1998 73890 109635 1590 5.8

7 (8) China, PR of 3224 51855 80288 856 3414 55194 86121 893 4.6

8 (9) Greece 946 41129 72201 44 913 39573 69099 50 3.7

9 (10) Bahamas 1133 52571 64788 177 1146 54383 65727 177 3.5

10 (11) UK 767 30671 41854 816 735 30755 42844 826 2.3

11 (12) Japan 2640 25429 36792 84 2552 27083 38385 159 2.0

12 (13) Cyprus 811 21544 34112 446 839 21801 33774 461 1.8

13 (17) Denmark 480 16778 18715 1180 504 20310 22436 1494 1.2

14 (15) Indonesia 3069 13658 19161 213 3267 14689 20564 216 1.1

15 (14) Portugal 474 14793 19349 945 517 14667 19620 907 1.0

16 (16) Norway 799 14990 18867 60 807 15099 18961 62 1.0

17 (18) India 878 10284 17608 50 883 9746 16571 58 0.9

18 (21) Saudi Arabia 137 7592 13451 8 125 7334 13054 8 0.7

19 (19) Italy 701 15313 14489 127 673 14541 12904 121 0.7

20 (20) Korea, Rep. of 1028 9674 13920 107 1021 8763 12439 110 0.7

21 (26) Belgium 83 5025 8200 1 92 6033 10178 1 0.5

22 (22) Germany 265 9011 9803 721 246 7664 8352 600 0.4

23 (27) Russia 1486 6388 7999 100 1515 6542 8307 102 0.4

24 (25) US 363 7333 8220 232 364 7326 8126 241 0.4

25 (23) Bermuda 140 10306 8653 39 133 9973 7929 39 0.4

26 (29) Viet Nam 1378 4566 7475 38 1370 4710 7710 40 0.4

27 (24) Antigua & Barbuda 810 6505 8505 450 744 5631 7478 381 0.4

28 (28) Turkey 805 5441 7638 123 782 5270 7303 120 0.4

29 (31) France 195 5534 6772 199 203 5777 6956 220 0.4

30 (30) Malaysia 418 5583 7053 22 417 5656 6860 23 0.4

31 (34) Cayman Islands 138 4189 6020 1 144 4454 661 1 0.4

32 (32) Netherlands 785 6124 6391 249 773 6138 6237 246 0.3

33 (33) Thailand 556 3669 6130 27 565 3443 5650 30 0.3

34 (37) Taiwan 172 3188 4581 142 184 3820 5636 160 0.3

35 (35) Philippines 948 3860 5611 56 1021 3716 5362 52 0.3

36 (39) Brazil 120 2462 3972 52 127 2651 4310 54 0.2

37 (36) Kuwait 45 2682 4856 1 40 2275 4135 1 0.2

38 (38) Iran 361 2685 4058 99 375 2747 4126 106 0.2

39 (40) Belize 426 1872 2901 17 446 1955 3079 17 0.2

40 (41) New Zealand 218 1776 2847 17 219 1899 3060 19 0.2

41 (44) Bangladesh 239 1143 1995 1 276 1359 2370 1 0.1

42 (42) Gibraltar 210 2118 2451 53 196 1877 2155 47 0.1

43 (43) Croatia 147 1273 2052 - 159 1273 2047 - 0.1

44 (47) Sierra Leone 378 1243 1786 20 419 1351 2043 17 0.1

45 (46) Spain 136 2191 1827 8 139 2298 1789 7 0.1

46 (45) Canada 188 1638 1854 8 198 1641 1761 8 0.1

47 (53) Barbados 109 901 1434 17 120 1012 1606 19 0.1

48 (55) Togo 283 1022 1410 23 334 1098 1516 25 0.1

49 (52) Vanuatu 80 936 1455 5 86 926 1454 7 0.150 (49) Tuvalu 103 951 1557 4 94 925 1449 6 0.1

Total (50 flags) 48175 1196659 1798343 22727 49030 1235731 1843258 89 98.3

Other flags 4870 27716 35206 375 4702 26176 38331 24196 1.7

World Total 53045 1224375 1833549 23102 53732 1261907 1881589 24285 100.0


27

Annual Review 2019

3.4

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2004

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272

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2005

319

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2006

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318

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.56

1998

32.9

57.

022.

9142

.88

26.2

40.

4469

.56

0.69

1.63

9.90

2.07

0.62

0.51

0.96

0.52

0.46

1.77

0.24

0.05

0.02

89.0

0

1999

37.5

96.

222.

6346

.43

24.1

50.

4471

.02

1.01

1.44

8.16

2.29

0.45

0.66

1.01

0.40

0.52

2.74

0.23

0.05

0.02

90.0

0

2000

30.6

14.

721.

9037

.22

33.7

10.

0070

.93

0.86

1.45

11.9

11.

910.

460.

660.

560.

210.

751.

770.

180.

060.

0191

.71

2001

42.2

07.

421.

6551

.27

35.7

40.

0087

.01

0.91

1.87

18.3

81.

730.

500.

630.

340.

120.

871.

730.

310.

040.

0211

4.46

2002

46.5

612

.81

1.97

61.3

324

.03

0.24

85.6

11.

133.

4717

.16

1.71

0.63

0.59

0.32

0.09

0.66

2.97

0.29

0.05

0.04

114.

70

2003

38.7

916

.67

3.04

58.5

032

.08

0.24

90.8

11.

074.

1814

.29

1.70

0.90

0.42

0.71

0.07

0.48

3.57

0.19

0.05

0.01

118.

44

2004

49.2

024

.10

4.11

77.4

156

.70

0.00

134.

110.

954.

2633

.21

1.77

1.80

0.35

1.39

0.04

0.37

3.34

0.17

0.10

0.02

181.

86

2005

54.2

129

.15

5.77

89.1

470

.25

0.00

159.

391.

838.

7245

.63

2.30

2.15

0.34

2.27

0.07

0.46

3.19

0.10

0.14

0.05

226.

63

2006

48.9

232

.98

7.47

89.3

878

.13

0.00

165.

513.

6310

.99

54.7

13.

722.

680.

682.

650.

120.

653.

040.

140.

140.

0724

8.72

2007

93.0

152

.34

12.1

215

7.47

125.

850.

9428

4.26

5.08

12.3

458

.09

6.21

3.15

0.63

3.30

0.14

0.70

4.29

0.24

0.15

0.05

378.

61

2008

97.6

052

.95

17.4

216

7.97

256.

402.

8642

7.24

4.53

11.9

180

.14

8.35

4.90

1.16

4.10

0.20

0.80

6.48

0.56

0.19

0.04

550.

60

2009

120.

1645

.45

15.3

818

0.99

326.

402.

8651

0.34

3.13

7.38

74.4

69.

685.

551.

423.

720.

240.

747.

960.

750.

230.

1062

5.72

2010

97.8

332

.33

11.7

014

1.86

304.

022.

8644

8.74

1.92

3.86

58.8

28.

124.

811.

372.

800.

170.

597.

780.

730.

230.

0253

9.76

2011

96.1

425

.44

7.51

129.

0930

6.78

1.28

437.

151.

601.

7645

.82

7.57

4.38

1.04

2.18

0.11

0.48

8.75

0.85

0.23

0.02

511.

97

2012

66.8

217

.63

4.09

88.5

423

3.41

0.00

321.

951.

355.

2051

.82

5.33

3.22

0.89

1.08

0.03

0.40

9.79

0.58

0.21

0.08

401.

70

2013

42.1

315

.72

3.04

60.8

914

0.26

0.00

201.

152.

148.

0340

.55

2.89

2.37

1.22

0.86

0.03

0.34

10.9

70.

270.

180.

0627

1.05

2014

37.8

626

.01

4.94

68.8

117

2.98

0.00

241.

774.

2510

.12

46.4

02.

251.

630.

881.

340.

020.

4511

.57

0.24

0.20

0.06

321.

20

2015

42.0

824

.84

6.81

73.7

117

4.41

0.00

248.

127.

2213

.19

39.9

22.

081.

340.

701.

090.

150.

5910

.73

0.23

0.18

0.15

325.

68

2016

70.9

426

.92

6.92

104.

7814

1.52

0.25

246.

557.

2213

.38

43.9

51.

871.

610.

461.

500.

190.

658.

380.

320.

150.

1632

6.38

2017

56.2

817

.92

5.79

80.0

091

.50

0.25

171.

753.

8011

.40

36.4

01.

281.

390.

631.

090.

180.

676.

590.

340.

120.

1323

5.78

2018

53.3

717

.11

4.95

75.4

390

.04

0.33

165.

802.

5210

.13

31.2

31.

311.

190.

520.

620.

170.

635.

480.

340.

090.

1222

0.12

2019

51.0

115

.29

3.30

69.5

997

.81

0.50

167.

902.

5011

.33

30.1

61.

170.

910.

650.

320.

080.

583.

760.

210.

040.

1121

9.71

Mar

-19

47.1

213

.09

2.95

63.1

594

.77

0.42

158.

352.

4611

.69

29.5

61.

220.

840.

570.

320.

050.

533.

700.

200.

040.

1020

9.65

Data

bas

ed o

n th

e Cl

arks

ons

Rese

arch

wor

ld fl

eet o

f mer

chan

t ves

sels

>=

100

GTM

PP -

Mul

tipur

pose

PCC

- Pur

e Ca

r Car

rier

Sour

ce: C

lark

sons

Res

earc

h Se

rvic

es -

Sprin

g 20

19

29

Annual Review 2019

3.6 World Merchant Fleet Development - By Ship Type

3.7 Additions to World Merchant Fleet - By Ship Type


Category of Ships

2015 january 2016 january 2017 january 2018 january 2019 january DWT %

No.1000 DWT

No.1000 DWT

No.1000 DWT

No.1000 DWT

No.1000 DWT

change overprevious

year

share oftotal

Crude oil and product tankers 6971 435316 7065 443930 7244 468397 7388 490705 7444 494410 0.8 26.3

Oil chemical/chemical tankers 4999 94222 5204 101739 5418 108490 5609 113714 5734 116983 2.9 6.2

Liquid gas tankers 1677 49667 1770 54461 1850 59477 1932 64277 1980 68792 7.0 3.7

Bulk carriers 9381 660386 9541 674434 9752 692957 9962 713611 10106 725463 1.7 38.6

Other bulk carriers including ore 1315 78226 1378 78502 1387 78129 1417 78082 1456 87734 12.4 4.7

Container ships 5097 227674 5239 244186 5147 245555 5152 252692 5255 265094 4.9 14.1

Conventional cargo ships 12522 53019 12285 51593 12305 51519 12255 50952 12160 51082 0.3 2.7

Special cargo ships 1389 32397 1522 36425 1556 37173 1594 38500 1647 40548 5.3 2.2

Pure car carriers 770 12098 785 12363 779 12231 782 12427 785 12561 1.1 0.7

Reefer ships 789 4464 781 4410 762 4325 742 4142 724 4020 -2.9 0.2

Ro-ro cargo ships 1446 7161 1519 7516 1555 7525 1585 7606 1629 7825 2.9 0.4

Passenger ships/cruise 1582 2161 1675 2223 1741 2334 1855 2433 1945 2542 4.5 0.1

Passenger Ro-Ro cargo ships 2484 4217 2641 4307 2687 4325 2772 4409 2867 4536 2.9 0.2

Total 50422 1661008 51405 1716088 52158 1772435 53045 1833549 53732 1881589 2.6 100.0



Category of Ships

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 DWT %

No. 1000 DWT No.1000 DWT No.

1000 DWT No.

1000 DWT No.

1000 DWT

change overprevious

year

share oftotal

Crude oil and product tankers 169 11533 136 11716 203 26262 254 33017 217 24138 -26.9 30.9

Oil chemical/chemical tankers 177 5495 216 7678 224 7078 200 5521 197 4768 -13.6 6.1

Liquid gas tankers 86 3685 115 5058 125 5962 107 4749 96 5839 23.0 7.5

Bulk carriers 538 41851 589 44039 530 44267 401 32905 231 17219 -47.7 22.1

Other bulk carriers including ore 48 4508 29 3105 25 2001 29 4024 39 9786 143.2 12.5

Container ships 207 17646 211 18706 131 10125 153 12500 168 13862 10.9 17.8

Conventional cargo ships 131 1039 107 786 95 535 82 515 65 475 -7.8 0.6

Special cargo ships 75 2484 71 2473 55 1684 48 1785 42 1171 -34.4 1.5

Pure car carriers 24 430 22 412 24 371 24 467 15 254 -45.7 0.3

Reefer ships 2 9 1 5 - - 3 41 9 92 123.40 0.1

Ro-ro cargo ships 56 285 44 420 25 170 32 275 23 203 -26.2 0.3

Passenger ships/cruise 30 59 51 63 56 108 66 99 48 118 18.4 0.2

Passenger Ro-Ro cargo ships 69 65 60 101 59 110 71 119 69 127 6.5 0.2

Total 1612 89089 1652 94562 1552 98673 1470 96018 1219 78051 -18.7 100.0


30


3.8 Ownership of the World Fleet - Ranked By Dead-Weight Tonnage, 2019

(As on 1st January 2019)

Number of the vessels Dead-Wieght Tonnage (thousand of tons)

Rank(DWT) Country or territor

y National flag

Foreign orInternational

flagTotal National flag

Foreign orInternational

flagTotal

National flag aspercentage of total

(dead-weight tonnage)

1 Greece 670 3866 4536 60776654 288418535 349195189 17.79

2 Japan 875 2947 3822 35532308 189588907 225121215 11.47

3 China 3987 2138 6125 90930376 115370656 206301032 10.51

4 Singapore 513 1214 2727 71287105 50198543 121485648 6.19

5 Hong Kong, China 890 738 1628 72311219 25817099 98128318 5.00

6 Germany 212 2460 2672 8365247 88167113 96532360 4.92

7 Republic of Korea 774 873 1647 12418609 4282908 76701517 3.91

8 Norway 367 1671 2038 1758664 59356435 61115090 3.11

9 United States 822 1153 1975 9518623 48859083 58377706 2.97

10 Bermuda 14 518 532 337958 57894249 58232207 2.97

11 Taiwan Province of China 134 871 1005 5651439 45439668 51091107 2.60

12 United Kingdom 327 1000 1327 6665237 42008100 48673337 2.48

13 Denmark 26 954 980 29405 42974866 43004271 2.19

14 Monaco - 448 448 - 42277013 42277013 2.15

15 Belgium 107 191 298 10155219 20011240 30166459 1.54

16 Turkey 484 1038 1522 7164081 20445631 27609712 1.41

17 India 854 165 1019 16602223 8256940 24859163 1.27

18 Switzerland 30 405 435 1225335 23412718 24638053 1.26

19 Russian Federation 1356 351 1707 7772112 14975374 22747486 1.16

20 Indonesia 2063 82 2145 20768274 152652 22294926 1.14

21 Netherlands 708 487 1195 5802564 12348682 18151246 0.92

22 United Arab Emirates 117 796 913 418544 17689385 18107929 0.92

23 Saudi Arabia 133 151 284 12877984 5214501 18092485 0.92

24 Islamic Republic of Iran 172 64 236 3981632 13927633 17909265 0.91

25 Italy 514 178 692 12058223 5803985 17862208 0.91

26 Brazil 300 101 401 4859921 8807661 13667582 0.70

27 France 93 342 435 574475 12659787 13234262 0.67

28 Cyprus 128 172 300 3950928 7076469 11027397 0.56

29 Viet Nam 880 140 1020 7736562 1896794 9633356 0.49

30 Canada 217 156 373 2636754 6460998 9097752 0.46

31 Malaysia 458 141 599 6283692 2448601 8732293 0.44

32 Oman 5 44 49 5704 7871432 7877136 0.40

33 Qatar 63 68 131 1143727 5877576 7021303 0.36

34 Thailand 337 69 406 5036967 1826924 6863891 0.35

35 Sweden 85 213 298 931752 5682725 6614477 0.34

Total of top 35 shipowning countries 19715 26205 45920 507569517 1364874883 1872444400 95.41

Rest of world and unknown 2841 2923 5764 34528774 55608866 90137640 4.59

WORLD TOTAL 22556 29128 51684 542098291 1420483749 1962582040 100Note: Propelled seagoing merchant vessels of 1000 GT and above.Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2019

31

Annual Review 2019

(In m

illio

n DW

T)

Year

St

art

Crud

e Ta

nker

sPr

oduc

t Ta

nker

s

Chem

/Sp

ec.

Tank

ers

Tank

ers

Bulk

ers

Com

bos

All B

ulk

LPG

LNG

Cont

aine

rSh

ipM

PPGe

nera

l Ca

rgo

Ro-R

oPC

CRe

efer

Pass

enge

r &

Crui

seOf

fsho

reDr

edge

rsTu

gsOt

her

Non

Carg

oTo

tal

1996

214.

356

.313

.828

4.4

243.

422

.054

9.8

9.0

5.2

45.0

20.9

55.2

7.3

4.6

8.5

4.3

13.6

2.6

0.9

1.2

728.

019

9721

6.8

58.1

14.4

289.

325

3.5

19.4

562.

19.

45.

650

.121

.453

.47.

54.

78.

34.

415

.12.

60.

91.

274

6.9

1998

218.

958

.815

.029

2.8

264.

617

.557

4.9

9.7

6.0

56.6

21.9

50.6

7.5

4.9

8.4

4.5

16.6

2.7

1.0

1.2

766.

519

9922

0.9

60.8

16.2

297.

926

3.8

15.5

577.

29.

86.

362

.322

.448

.37.

75.

28.

44.

719

.72.

81.

01.

277

7.0

2000

220.

163

.817

.430

1.3

266.

714

.858

2.8

10.1

6.7

64.8

22.7

46.4

7.9

5.7

8.2

4.9

21.9

2.9

1.0

1.4

787.

420

0122

5.8

63.9

18.6

308.

327

4.2

14.2

596.

710

.57.

770

.423

.044

.48.

06.

28.

15.

024

.03.

01.

11.

680

9.6

2002

219.

165

.219

.130

3.4

286.

213

.260

2.8

10.9

7.7

77.8

22.8

42.3

8.1

6.3

8.0

5.3

26.3

3.2

1.1

1.6

824.

120

0322

2.4

66.3

19.7

308.

429

3.7

11.8

613.

910

.78.

584

.922

.840

.88.

16.

47.

95.

628

.33.

31.

11.

684

3.9

2004

227.

469

.620

.831

7.8

301.

311

.463

0.5

11.1

9.6

91.6

23.0

39.3

8.1

6.8

7.7

5.7

31.5

3.4

1.1

1.6

871.

220

0523

6.8

76.3

22.0

334.

932

1.7

9.9

666.

611

.111

.199

.923

.738

.98.

27.

27.

55.

835

.53.

51.

21.

692

1.8

2006

251.

283

.023

.835

8.1

344.

89.

171

1.9

11.3

12.5

111.

924

.439

.68.

27.

87.

55.

838

.53.

61.

21.

Documents

INSA · Email: [email protected] Representative: Mr. Khalid Shafiq Vohra Sanmar Shipping Limited 9 Cathedral Road, Chennai – 600 086 Tel: 044-28128500 Fax: 044-28112453 Email: