Innovation of Reinforcement Bar Placement Using the 3D ... · TS01-03 Innovation of Reinforcement Bar Placement Using the 3D Parametric Modeling in the High Rise Concrete Structures

Title: Innovation of Reinforcement Bar Placement Using the 3D ParametricModeling in the High Rise Concrete Structures

Authors: Young Sang Cho, Professor, Hanyang UniversitySeung II Lee, Hanyang UniversityJeom Han Kim, Hanyang UniversityJe Hyuk Lee, Hanyang UniversitySung Uk Hong, Hanyang UniversityHyun Seok Jang, Hanyang University

Subject: IT/Computer Science/Software

Keywords: BIMConcreteParametric DesignStructure

Publication Date: 2011

Original Publication: CTBUH 2011 Seoul Conference

Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter2. Journal paper3. Conference proceeding4. Unpublished conference paper5. Magazine article6. Unpublished

© Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Young Sang Cho; Seung II Lee; Jeom Han Kim; Je HyukLee; Sung Uk Hong; Hyun Seok Jang

ctbuh.org/papers

http://ctbuh.org/papers

TS01-03

Innovation of Reinforcement Bar Placement Using the 3D Parametric Modeling in the High Rise Concrete Structures

Young Sang Cho1, Seung Il Lee2, Jeom Han Kim2, Je Hyuk Lee2, Sung Uk Hong2, Hyun Seok

Jang2 Dept. of Arch. Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea, [email protected] 1

Dept. of Arch. Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Prof. Young Sang Cho, PE, RA, Ph.D. Biography -Prof. at Hanyang Univ., Adjunct Prof. at New York Univ., Visit. Sc., Columbia Univ. - Professional Engineer: NY, NJ, R.O. Korea, Registered Architect: NY, NJ, MA.

-Practiced: Board of Education, NYC, Thornton-Tomasetti Engrs, Desimone C. E. -Committee Chair for NDT & Stru. Assess., AIK, Director & Committee Chair of NDT & Measure.,KSMI, English Journal Editor, KCI, Members at KSSC, CSEIK. -Advisory Committee member: Architectural Committee of Seoul City, Incheon City, Seocho-Gu, SeongbukGu, KangseoGu - Advisory Committee Member: Ministry of Land, Trans., Maritime Affairs, Ministry of Defense, Master Architect at Digital Media City, Seoul City. Abstract

Recent booming of high rise buildings indicates a special meaning that it often reflects the symbol of the country or the landmark image of the nation. The high rise buildings are designed using not only steel structural systems such as the Taipei 101 Financial Center project, etc. but also reinforced structural systems such as the Burj Tower, Lotte Tower, etc. Among high rise buildings, reinforced concrete high rise structural system contains a highly complex variables in construction such as the mix design of high strength concrete, water cement ratio, creep and shrinkage, curing, re-bar connections, anchorage, etc.

However, in case the Structural Building Information Modeling(SBIM) technology, recently emerging technology, is used in the structural modeling, the physical modeling of the reinforced concrete structure including the reinforcement bar enables to produce the working drawing and the shop drawing at the same time, and the model can be used in the bar code system for the automatic re-bar fabrication through the automatic re-bar bending and cutting system in the factory for the field erection.

Although the conventional 3D modeling plat forms could model the reinforced concrete structures based on the working drawing produced using the separate structural analysis and design, this research focuses on the development of the 3D structural physical modeling system integrating the structural analysis and design results, that are established in the separate database, with the physical modeling algorithm using the API(Application Programming Interface) of the 3D Modeling platforms. This development saves the substantial time and human resources in the design and construction document

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CTBUH 2011 World Conference October 10-12, 2011, COEX, Seoul, KOREA_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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phase, and this model can be used in the construction administration phase, which consequently could save the entire construction period and cost.

This paper will present the process of 3D parametric physical modeling, and the case study applied in the high rise building structures. Keywords: reinforced concrete structural system, structural building information modeling (SBIM), parametric modeling, application programming interface, physical modeling

1. Introduction The construction of high rise buildings flourish in the world which includes Kuala Lumpur City Center, Petronas tower(452m, 88 story), Taipei 101 Financial Center(508m, 101 story), The Burj Tower (more than 800m, more than 160 story), Lotte World Tower 2, Seoul, Hanoi Tower, etc. Among the high rise buildings, there are high rise buildings which used reinforced concrete systems such as the Burj Tower, Lotte World Tower 2, Hanoi Tower. High rise building structural system deals with many complicated variables such as the mix design of high strength concrete, water cement ratio, creep and shrinkage, curing, re-bar connections, anchorage, etc. The conventional construction process is a lengthy process including the schematic design, the design development, the construction document, the bidding and negotiation phase, the construction administration phase together with the shop drawing preparation and approval process and other submittals and approvals.

Fig. 1 View of reinforced concrete high rise structures, The Burj Tower (Courtesy of Samsung Mulsan press

release) The construction industry has been continuously seeking the technologies to reduce the time and cost. In recent years, a novel technology, the Building Information Modeling(BIM) has been emerging through out the world. Architects rapidly adopt 3D BIM technology in modeling architectural elements, entire architectural systems because it could produce the necessary y working drawings from the BIM platform. BIM provides the excellent 3D visualization features. So far, available BIM tools in architectural community are ArchiCAD, AutoCAD Architecture, Revit Architecture, Gehry Digital Project, Vectorworks Architect, Bentley Architecture, DDS-CAD House Partner, 3D Max, etc. Structural community tends to adopt 3D BIM tools as well. Structural engineers efficiently produce working drawing using 3D Structural BIM tools. Available Structural BIM tools are Tekla Structures, Bentley Structural, Allplan, StruCAD, ProSteel 3D, Revit Structure. Academic community is performing the research to utilize the results of structural analysis and design from the structural analysis and tools into Structural BIM platform. This paper is presenting the development of reinforcement bar placement methodology integrating the results of structural analysis and design using API(Application Programming Interface). MEP community tends to adopt 3D BIM tool to produce the working drawings and check the

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interferences. Available BIM tools are MagiCAD, AutoCAD MEP, Bentley Building Electrical Systems, Bentley Mechanical Systems, DDS-CAD Electrical, DDS HVAC, Revit MEP, etc. In the field of construction, building material and components, facility management, available BIM tools are ArchitectCAD Constructor and Estimator, DDS-CAD Building, ERP systems in general, Bentley Facilities, ArchiFM, FMDesktop, Rambyg, Vizelia,etc. However, there are obstacles and difficulties in implementing BIM technologies. Interoperability is one of the important issues in developing the extensive utilization in practice(ERABUILD, 2008). Construction is a knowledge intensive industry characterized by its unique work settings and virtual organization like modus operandi(Rezgui, 2001). The construction sector is fragmented and the major consequence is the difficulty to communicate effectively and efficiently among parties during building construction or between clients and manufacturers & suppliers of construction products. Several initiatives led by standardization and /or industry consortia have developed data/product models aimed at facilitating data and information exchange between various software applications(Rezgui Y., et al, 2009). These efforts include STEP(http://www.iso.ch/cate/d20579.html) and the Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs)( http://www.iai-international.org). This research is to develop the algorithm to apply the results of the structural analysis and the design in the 3D parametric modeling of reinforcement bar on the 3D BIM platform using the API (Application Programming Interface). The case study of the Modeling will be presented in this paper.

2. Definition of Building Information Modeling The European STAND-INN project(Wix et al., 2007) defines it as: “A shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle from inception onward. A basic premise is collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of the life cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the process to support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder.” The American Institute of Architects has further defined BIM as “a model-based technology linked with a database of project information” and this reflects the general reliance on database technology as the foundation. NIBS, National Institute for Building Standards, USA, is leading the working with National BIM Standard, nBIM (NIBS, 2007), where the definition is: “A Building Information Model (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decision during its life-cycle form inception onward. A basic premise of BIM is collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of the life cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the BIM process to support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder. The BIM is shared digital representation founded on open standards for interoperability.” Autodesk (2007), defines BIM: “Introduced by Autodesk in 2002, the term building information modeling (BIM) refers to the creation and use of coordinated, consistent, computable information about a building project in design-information used for design decision making, production of high-quality construction documents, predicting performance, cost-estimating and construction planning, and, eventually, for managing and operating the facility.”

3. 3D Parametric Modeling In the conventional reinforced concrete building construction, it took a long procedure and time to produce the reinforcement bar shop drawing as shown in the upper part of Fig. 2. The architectural 3D parametric model can be built using the currently available 3D modeling platform. This architectural model can be exported to the structural 3D parametric modeling platform.

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Fig. 2 The flow chart for the existing structural design process based on 2D model(above) and BIM based

Structural Design process(below) The imported model needs to be checked to see if the overall objects have been properly imported for building the structural physical model. The physical model can be converted to the analytical model in the structural 3d parametric modeling. This analytical model can be used in the structural analysis and design. The results of the structural analysis and design are currently attempted to utilize in 3D modeling by the researchers. However, the partial physical model only, such as concrete object without reinforcement bar, can be imported from the structural design results as shown in the bottom of Fig. 2. Although the 3D parametric modeling platforms currently contain the features to model the partial and single reinforcement bar manually, the features to model the reinforcement bar based on the structural analysis and design are not currently available in the 3D structural parametric modeling platform. This research is to develop the automatic re-bar placement system and the re-bar modeling system through the development of algorithm of automatic re-bar placement system using the database generated based on the results of structural analysis and design as shown in the lower part of Fig. 2.

4. Database Establishment for the Result of Structural Analysis and Design and Data Flow

To model the reinforced concrete structures, the architectural 3D parametric model can be exported to the 3D Structural BIM platform, and the physical model need to be checked and modified to build the physical model of reinforce concrete structures. This physical model can be converted to the analytical model for exporting to the structural analysis package. The analytical model in the structural analysis package needs to be checked to see if the appropriate object information is modeled in order. The overall structural analysis model should be established including all members such as column, girder, beam, deck, etc. with geometry and assignment of material properties, story information, establishment of grid, load case definition, load combination, etc as shown in Fig. 3. Structural Analysis and design results are reformatted for the establishment of database. Automatic re-bar placing module is developed to place the re-bar in the structural physical 3D parametric model.

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Fig.3 Flow chart of Structural Analysis, database establishment, and automatic re-bar placing module

5. Model Establishment of Re-bar Placement After the establishment of database based on the structural analysis and design, the algorithm is

developed for the re-bar placement in the 3D structural BIM platform linking to the database established. Fig. 4 shows the proto type beam shape. First step is to read the information regarding the section properties of the beam. Objects can be divided into 5 based on the location and the type of shape. Those are continuous top and bottom bar, left end top bar, right end top bar, and top bar in the lower part as shown in Fig. 4. The detailed algorithm of placing above bars has been implemented based on the database Table information which is the results of structural analysis and design.

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R 3D structural model has exported to the structural analysis package for structural analysis which examined to improve the interoperability error identification, and conducted the structural analysis and design. The structural design results for wall, column, beam members including the section area of re-bars export to the database, and developed the algorithm and module of automatic re-bar placement in beams, columns, slabs, and established the algorithm and module to adopt the structural design result to SBIM model using API module of 3D R platform. The possibility of SBIM application to other trades in drawing print, cost estimate, progress scheduling management has been examined, and examined the process of the changed result of structural design to export to the architectural BIM in order to accommodate change orders. Acknowledgement This research was supported by a grant (NRF (National Research Foundation of Korea) 2009-0068980-Excellent Scientist of Regional University Program) in Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. References Autodesk 2007 Building Information Modeling, http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?siteID=123112&id=8127972 (2007-10-25). ERABUILD 2008 Review of the Development and Implementation of IFC Compatible BIM. IAI. International Alliance for Interoperability. IAI Web Site, Web Page at http://www.iai-international.org. ISO 10303-1: 1994 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration-Product Data Representation and Exchange-Part 1: Overview and Fundamental Principles. International Standards Organization 1994. TC184/SC 4. Available on-line at: http://www.iso.ch/cate/d20579.html. NIBS 2007 National BIM Standard Presentation, http://www.facilityinformationcouncil.org /bim/publications.php (2007-10-25). Rezgui Y. (2001) Review of Information and Knowledge Management Practices State of the Art in the Construction Industry. Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol. 16, No.2. Rezgui Y., Boddy S., Wetherill M., Cooper G. 2009 Past, Present and Future of Information and Knowledge Sharing in the construction Industry: Towards Semantic Service-based e-Construction?, Computer-Aided Design, doi:10.1016/j.cad, 2009.06.005. Wix J., Liebich, T., Karud, O.J., Bell, H., Hakkinen, T. and Huovila, P. (2007), Guidance Report: IFC support for sustainability, STAND-INN “Intergration of Performance based building standards into business processes using IFC standards to enhance innovation and sustainable development”, EU project 2006-2008 under “Structuring the European Reesearch Area”.

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Innovation of Reinforcement Bar Placement Using the 3D ... · TS01-03 Innovation of Reinforcement Bar Placement Using the 3D Parametric Modeling in the High Rise Concrete Structures