Innovation Mysteries - Opening the Pandora Box for Scribd

8/2/2019 Innovation Mysteries - Opening the Pandora Box for Scribd

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How We Innovate ~~

April 19, 2012 1 Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.


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Opening the

Pandoras Box

InnovationMysteries


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Pandoras Box

Navneet Bhushan([email protected])

Crafitti Consulting ( www.crafitti.com )

From Wikipedia

This is an engraving of Pandoratrying to close the "box" that shehad opened out of curiosity. At left,the evils of the world taunt her asthey escape. The engraving is basedon a painting by F.S. Church.


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Is Innovation Emergence of something NEW?



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. Requirespainstaking hard work


Artist assistants stand next to 3,604 cupsof coffee which have been made into agiant Mona Lisa in Sydney , Australia . The3,604 cups of coffee were each filled withdifferent amounts of milk to create thedifferent shades!!


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The Singaporean designer Fung Kwok Pan has managed to capture

the flow of water in solid form, and the results are stunning.

http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662020/eye-candy-solid-vase-is-a-3-d-pic-of-splashing-milk


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Innovation Mystery #1

Higher theposition in a

company , morethe person talksabout Innovation

and less heactually do it .Why?



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Everyone isinterested in

produce of innovation butrarely people are

interested inknowing how toinnovate


"Everybody wants to goto to heaven but no one is willing to die (put in hard work)". :)


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Most of us liketo advise others

on innovation -rarely applyingthose advisory

principles onour own self



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Post Facto - everyinnovation is

obvious but whenwe were at thechange point

rarely we willchoose thechange path



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Ideas are

available- cheaply!


We are ALL Idea shops!!!


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It is all

aboutExecution!



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Patentscan not beused forinventingthefuture!



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Patentsare whatlawyersdo!



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Lawyersknow about

patent lawmeans theyknow aboutinnovation !!


INVENTORS

l


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Solving InnovationMysteries!!!!


Like Sherlock

Holmes!!!


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WHAT IS INNOVATION ..

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Successful exploitation of IDEAS (New/Old) to changethe way one understands, generate options, chooseoptions, implement options to generate desiredeffects

M.K. Gandhi Yoube the CHANGE

that you want tosee in the world


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INNOVATION

Successful creation

of change by (new)ideas.


Anyone cando Innovation

by Thinking


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INNOVATION


Anyone cando Innovationby Thinking

Now YOU will teach me Howto THINK!!!!!!


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Copyri

We Are All Born Crea BUT

It is Taught OUT of U LET US RE-LEARN TOINVENT!!!!

A childs CreativityDecreases 90% from 5 toage 7? At 40 it is mere2% of what we had!!!!!!!


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Flattening World

And we dont even realize it

While the defining measurement of

(old world) was weight thedefining measurement of theglobalization system is speed speedof commerce, travel, communicationand innovation

Thomas L. Friedman, The Lexus and Olive Tree

C l i i

Fl i


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Complexity in a Flattening World

Number of alternativesTime pressure

Need for analysisInformation de-coherence

ConnectionsNetworks

Human Processing Limits(The Magic Number 7 2)

Framing LimitsConfidence

Rapid Explosionof Complexity

Connections create Value and Dependenciescreate complexityFuture is approaching us Faster than History isleaving us!Increasing distance between user requirementsof what they really need versus what they want.With every choice we make today we Killmany possible futures


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Industrial "Success" Curve

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Stage of NPD process

L o g

1 0 o

f N u m

b e r o

f I d e a s

3000 Raw Ideas (unwritten)

300 Ideas Submitted

125 Small Projects

9 Significant Developments

4 Major Developments

1.7 Launches I Success

Stevens and Burley Research andTechnology Management May 1997 .


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Copyri

The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two:Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information

George A. Miller (1956) Harvard University

First published in Psychological Review , 63 , 81-97.

[1] This paper was first read as an Invited Address before the Eastern Psychological Association in Philadelphia on April 15, 1955.

The point seems to be that,

as we add more variables tothe display, we increase thetotal capacity, but wedecrease the accuracy for

any particular variable. Inother words, we can makerelatively crude judgments of several things simultaneously .


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Competitive Advantage- Over Ages

Time

E x

t e n t o

f C o n n e c t e

d n e s s

How much of Agricultural

land andNatural

Resources

How muchcan beproduced

How muchand Quickly

can be

Informed

How muchActionableKnowledge

How FastInnovate

How FastCo-Create

In the Connected Age Co-Creators will thrive

Bl k S Th i t f


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Black Swan The impact ofthe highly improbable

I cannot accep t a pretense ofscience. I much prefer asophisticated craft , focused ontricks, to a failed science lookingfor certainties Nassim Nicholas Taleb

The main Idea Killer


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31

The main Idea Killer Psychological Inertia

* Assume a large field whichhas somewhereunderground a box of diamonds. Problem solving islike digging for treasure in a

field

The overall effect is calledPSYCHOLOGICAL INERTIA

If a hole already exists, our inclination is to dig it deeper The deeper the hole, the more difficult it is to see whats happening in other

parts of the field If someone else comes along, we encourage them to jump in the hole with us

The main Innovation Killer


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One discipline only / Not outside your specialty /Looking for Solutions where we feel comfortable

Result of life experiences / Cultural Backgrounds

This is the way weve always done it syndrome

The main Innovation Killer Psychological Inertia

Main sources of Psychological Inertia:


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How do we Kill Ideas -


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How do we Kill Ideas -Killer Phrases should not be used during Idea

Generation*1. "Yes, but. . . "

2. "We tried that before."3. "That's irrelevant."4. "We haven't got the manpower."5. "Obviously, you misread my request."6. "Don't rock the boat!"7. "The boss (or competition) will eat you alive."

8. "Don't waste time thinking."9. "Great idea, but not for us."

10. "It'll never fly."11. "Don't be ridiculous."12. "People don't want change."13. "It's not in the budget."14. "Put it in writing."15. "It will be more trouble than it's worth."16. "It isn't your responsibility."17. "That's not in your job description."18. "You can't teach an old dog new tricks."19. "Let's stick with what works."C20. "We've done all right so far."

21. "The boss will never go for it."

22. "It's too far ahead of the times."23. . . . laughter. . .24. . . . suppressed laughter. . .25. . . . condescending grin. . .26. . . . dirty looks. . .27. "Don't fight city hall!"

28. "I'm the one who gets paid to think."29. "What will people say?"30. "Get a committee to look into that."31. "If it ain't broke, don't fix it."32. "You have got to be kidding."33. "No!"34. "We've always done it this way."35. "It's all right in theory. . . but. . ."36. "Be practical!"37. "Do you realize the paperwork it will create?"38. "Because I said so."39. "I'll get back to you."40. . . . silence. . .

* Reference: What A GreatIdea by Charles ChickThompson, 1992,HarperCollins Publishers

PASSION Is the new Skill for the


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PASSION .. Is the new Skill for theNew World


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What (should) make the NEW?


Purpose


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Killer Phrases Are Not Used During IdeaGeneration*

1. "Yes, but. . . "

2. "We tried that before."3. "That's irrelevant."4. "We haven't got the manpower."5. "Obviously, you misread my request."6. "Don't rock the boat!"7. "The boss (or competition) will eat you alive."

8. "Don't waste time thinking."9. "Great idea, but not for us."

10. "It'll never fly."11. "Don't be ridiculous."12. "People don't want change."13. "It's not in the budget."14. "Put it in writing."15. "It will be more trouble than it's worth."16. "It isn't your responsibility."17. "That's not in your job description."18. "You can't teach an old dog new tricks."19. "Let's stick with what works."C20. "We've done all right so far."

21. "The boss will never go for it."

22. "It's too far ahead of the times."23. . . . laughter. . .24. . . . suppressed laughter. . .25. . . . condescending grin. . .26. . . . dirty looks. . .27. "Don't fight city hall!"

28. "I'm the one who gets paid to think."29. "What will people say?"30. "Get a committee to look into that."31. "If it ain't broke, don't fix it."32. "You have got to be kidding."33. "No!"34. "We've always done it this way."35. "It's all right in theory. . . but. . ."36. "Be practical!"37. "Do you realize the paperwork it will create?"38. "Because I said so."39. "I'll get back to you."40. . . . silence. . .

* Reference: What A GreatIdea by Charles ChickThompson, 1992,HarperCollins Publishers

F il /Mi k /E


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Failures/Mistakes/ErrorsBurning your hand is a small

price to pay for a goodidea.

PLEASE LET YOUREMPLOYEES FAIL!


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What is Value? Customer defined

Opaque Contextual Multidimensional Tradeoff Relative It is a Mindset

The perceived worth of the set of benefits received by a customer in exchange for the total cost of the offering,taking into consideration available competitive offerings and

pricings Prof Mohanbir Sahney

FUNCTIONALITY


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FUNCTIONALITYLet us design a new tooth brush

People buyFUNCTIONS/

CAPABILITIES andNOT Products

FUNCTIONALITY


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FUNCTIONALITYLet us design a new tooth brush

We are Designing ACapability to Clean

Teeth

Are we designing a New Tooth Brush?

FUNCTIONALITY


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- Higher Level and Knowledge from Other fields

How others haveperformed this

function

Clean Teeth ==Cleans Solid


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25 Ways available for function :Cleans Solid

25 New Directionsto Think for

designing the NewCapability for

Cleaning Teeth

Knowledge of all fields!

DesorptionAcoustic CavitationAcoustic VibrationCavitationCombustionJet ErosionSpark ErosionElectrochemicalErosionElectron ImpactDesorption

Laser EvaporationIonic ActionRadioactivity

Redox ReactionsHydrodynamicCavitationLaser GetteringUltrasonic OscillationFriction CryolysisPhoto-OxidationOptohydraulic EffectExplosionThermo-destruction

DissolutionMechanicalAction/BrushesElectrolysis


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Other features include:

Cleans at 41,000 gentle sonic strokes per minut e

Patented spring-action bristles

Attacks heavy plaque build-up and staining

Reaches awkward areas with ease

Power handle light indicates system is recharging

Cybersonic2 Oral Hygiene System

Free Brush HeadsIntroduced in December 2002, the Cybersonic2 adds a new deminsion to the Cybersonic line. This is the

new and imprioved version of the Cybersonic oral-care system. The brush head has been redesigned soCybersonic now offers users a choice; the round brush design of the original Cybersonic or the new"traditional" brush head design of the Cybersonic2. The flosser now features pre-strung flossing heads whichare disposable.

Patent Information
http://www.kitchenkapers.com/index.htmlhttp://www.kitchenkapers.com/index.htmlhttp://www.kitchenkapers.com/index.htmlhttp://www.kitchenkapers.com/index.html


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Patent Information

Patent is a a Legal grant by a Government

Terms of grant

In return for disclosing an invention publicly so that others can learn from it ,and paying the processing fees, the Govt.of the country will grant the inventor of

the invention the rights to exclude others from making, using, or selling theinvention for a limited period of time

TECHNOLOGICALADVANCEMENTS

The PATENT System

PATENTS ARE AN EXCELLENT AND MOST COMPREHENSIVE SOURCE OFTECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION

First Systematic Study of Patent Literature started after second world war by Russian Genrich S. Altshuller

TRIZ Inventive-Problem Solving by


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g yAltshuller

Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch 1946 Patent

Officer in RussianNavy

Discoveredpatterns inpatents,published paper.Sent to Gulag

1954 released,analysed2,500,000 patents

Identified what

makes asuccessful patent

1956-1985 TRIZformulated

Same Problems and Solutions appear repeatedly in differentindustries (Myth: My field is Unique )

There are a series of recognizable evolution paths for all technical

systems (Myth: Evolution is Completely Random) Innovative solutions used theories outside their own area/industry

(Myth: Innovation happens through Deeper Knowledge) The most powerful solutions uncover and eliminate contradictions

(Myth: Optimization is the Focus)

TRIZ itself does not solve problems.Problems are solved by people.

TRIZ teaches how to solve problems.

TRIZ B t d 4 K M th i 1985 H i TRIZ t


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TRIZ Busted 4 Key Myths in 1985 However since TRIZ came outrecently the Myths continue


Problems and Solutions are same in different

industries (Myth: My field is Unique ) Evolution paths for all technical systems can be

deciphered (Myth: Evolution is Completely Random) Strong Inventions in a domain used outside ideas

(Myth: Innovation happens through Deeper Knowledge)

Strong Inventions uncover and eliminate conflicts(Myth: Optimization is the Focus)

(a) Look out for problems and solutions across domains if yousearch only in your field anddomain you will continue to berepeating the same !

How to Invent?

(b) OrchestrateTechnological Evolution - usingknown laws of systemevolution

(c) Apply Knowledgefrom other fields by

focusing on key functions that systemneeds to deliver

(d) Identify System Conflicts and provide outside knowledge to

domain experts to invent solutions beyond optimization


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5 Levels of Inventions

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Pioneering Invention based on newly discovered phenomenon Pushing existing technology to a higher level RevolutionaryLevel 5 (


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NATURA NIHIL EST CALLIDIUS

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC), Roman rhetorician,philosopher, statesman

Nothing is more inventive than nature

If we have to understand How to Invent we


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need to understand

How to generate Ideas lots of ideas !

Need to understand how nature invents !

Choose relevant problems problems thatdemand inventive solutions

May be if we know which direction willlead to stronger ideas we have togenerate less ideas !

WHAT IS ANINVENTIVE PROBLEM? TRIZ


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No known means for solution High psychological inertia Contains one or more contradictions

A contradiction is a situation where an attempt to improve one feature of the system leads to the degradation of another feature .

WHAT IS ANINVENTIVE PROBLEM? TRIZdefines


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Is Touch Screen interface in iPhone an Invention? iPhone/ iPad Let us see if it is what makes it an invention!

Let us look at the Apples Patent

April 19, 2012 53


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Analyzing a Patent The TRIZ Way


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1. Unintentional activation of functions due to unintentionaltouch

2. Locking and Unlocking mechanism implemented3. Problems with locking/unlocking ease of use of the device

in general is a problem

What is an Inventive Problem?


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In TRIZ parlance .. .It starts with a contradictionWe try to improve one system parameter but

some other parameter gets affected

Our Traditional Method to resolve such

problems is toOptimize aCompromise!!!

TRIZ

Eliminate thecontradiction or

resolve thecontradiction

Problem Described in the Patent


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When we tried to

improve/eliminate Unintentional activation of functions due tounintentional touch

By Locking and Unlocking mechanism

ease of use of the device in

general became a problem

1. Unintentional activation of

functions due tounintentional touch

2. Locking and Unlocking mechanism implemented

3. Problems withlocking/unlocking ease of use of the device in generalis a problem

Can you Map the problem to the parameters?


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Can you Map the problem to the parameters?

When we tried to improve/eliminate Unintentional activation of functions due tounintentional touch

By Locking and Unlocking mechanism

ease of use of the device in general became a problem

What system parameter(s) you are trying to improve?

27 ReliabilityWhat system parameter(s) degrade?

33 Convenience of Use


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Principle 27. Cheap short-living objects


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c p e . C eap s o t v g objects A. Replace an expensive object with a multiple of inexpensive

objects, comprising certain qualities (such as service life, forinstance).

Use disposable paper objects to avoid the cost of cleaning and storing durable objects.

Plastic cups in motels, disposable diapers, many kinds of medical supplies .

Principle 17. Another dimension A. To move an object in two- or three-dimensional space.

Infrared computer mouse moves in space, instead of on a surface, for presentations. B. Use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead of a single-story arrangement.

Cassette with 6 CD's to increase music time and variety Electronic chips on both sides of a printed circuit board

C. Tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side. Dump truck

D. Use 'another side' of a given area.Stack microelectronic hybrid circuits to improve density.


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STORIES OF CHANGEHow to use Theo ry of Ev ol ut ion for Inventing

the N E XT .

Universe as an Evolutionary System a newunderstanding (NASA report 2009)


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understanding (NASA report 2009)

Cosmic Evolution, the idea that the universeand its constituent parts are constantly evolving, has become widely accepted only inthe last 50 years.

It was also during the last 50 years a centuryafter Darwin proposed that evolution bynatural selection applies to life on our ownplanet that researchers from a variety of

disciplines began to seriously study thepossibilities of extraterrestrial life and thebiological universe .

Cosmos and Culture : Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context / Steven J. Dick and Mark Lupisella, editors.(NASA Report 2009)

April 19, 2012 Crafitti Consulting Private64

In the light of the above

Altshullers postulate in 1946 thattechnological systems areevolutionary and obeys certainlaws is amazing! More important :he created a framework to applythese Laws to invent the NEXT!

Technological Systems are Evolving


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g y gtowards IDEALITY

Altshuller was the first to realize that thedirection of progress, or technical evolution, isdefined by increasing the ideality level

An Ideal system does not exist , but all of itsfunctions are fulfilled at the right time and atthe right place without energy, substance, or other resources, and without any ill effects .

April 19, 2012 65

Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.

Searching for a needle in aHaystack!

IDEALITY The Cardinal Law (Technical Systems


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( yare striving for Perfection)


TIME

I d e a

l i t y

Evolution of Eye-Glasses

The bifocals

ProgressiveLenses

ContactLens

Lasersurgery

Every System Evolves towardsIdeality - Function deliverywith no harm and no cost

TRIZ 4 Key Steps


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1. Define, Describe, Explore, Imagine and Investigate the system,problem, scenario or situation from multiple perspectives usingdifferent tools

TRIZ 4 Key Steps

2. Find out what key functions the system is performing or need to

perform. Describe an ideal way the system can get to performingthe function. Find out how many ways does the world knows aboutperforming the specific functions.

3. Generate Ideas about performing these functions using specificTRIZ methods utilizing resources to the max.

4. Develop these ideas into solution directions that can beimplemented

Questions that TRIZ asks you


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Copyri

1. What is my Ideal Final Result Howcan I achieve the functionalitywithout spending any resources orcost

2. How the problem/situation/system

looks in time and space coordinates3. Am I using all the existing resources

or potential resources to the fullest 4. What is the main useful function I

need to deliver. What are variousways in which I can deliver thefunction

5. How others have solved the sameproblem in the past

TRIZ Impact


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Numberof Ideas

Time

Typical Brainstorm Session

TRIZ

Insertion of newsolution suggestions

TRIZ: Laws of Evolution


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TRIZ: Laws of Evolution

1. Law of Increasing Degree of Ideality - Increasing Ratio -> Benefits/Harm (cost)

2. Law of Non-uniform evolution of subsystems -> Leads to System Conflicts

3. Law of Transition to a higher Level system -> from simple to more complex

4. Law of Increasing dynamism (flexibility) -> More adaptable to change

5. Law of Transition to micro-level -> Increasing fragmentation

6. Law of Completeness -> Gradual Elimination of Human Component

7. Law of Shortening of Energy Flow Path -> Reduction in Energy/Info transformationstages8. Law of Increasing controllability -> Evolution of controlled interactions of systemelements9. Law of Harmonization of rhythms -> Synchronization of natural frequencies of elements

LINES OF EVOLUTION


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c r a f t i n g i n n o v a t i o n t o g e t h e rLaws provide a general direction of the development fornext-generation systems

LAW

Lines of evolution specify stages of a systems evolutionalong a general direction. They also provide the upperlimit of evolution as per todays technological limits

Line 1

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Line 2

Line 3

On each line there are discrete stages of evolution of systems

LAW of Increasing Dynamism


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c r a f t i n g i n n o v a t i o n t o g e t h e rLines of Increasing functional flexibility of functional system

components

Transition to continuously variable system

LAW of Increasing dynamism

g y

Transition to continuously variable system

One State

System

Multi State System Continuously

Adaptable System

Mapping the current state of YOUR system to the lines .

PROPOSING a NEW LAW


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April 19, 2012 73

PROPOSING a NEW LAW

Very clearly visible in the softwarebased Era of technical systems that weare in!

Law of Increasing Intelligence of


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g gTechnical Systems

DUMB

SYSTEMS

GUIDED

SYSTEMS

SMARTSYSTEMS

BRILLIANT

SYSTEMS

GENIUS

SYSTEMS

?TranshumanSystems

Technical Systems are evolving into


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y ghigher and Higher intelligence

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Most of the commercial software systems are


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trying to move towards Brilliant systems today

Making systems Brilliant any/all technical system brilliant using software isthe method for next 10-15 years Brilliant

Refrigerator

Television

Vehicle

User Interfaces to physical systems

April 19, 2012 76

From 2025 Onwards we get into the age of


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Genius systems

By 2050-2060 Transhuman systems will start emerging (Singularity is near ~ Ray Kurzweil )

April 19, 2012 77

IDEAS CLUSTERING CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT


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c r a f t i n g i n n o v a t i o n t o g e t h e rLinkage: It can be defined as a relationship between two ideas represented by arrows. There can be 5types of linkages. These are as follows:

Mutually Exclusive: The two ideas which are unrelated without any connection between them.One is a result of second: The arrow represents the direction of origin of idea.Combination of two ideas gives a valuable or a bigger idea.Nullification: The combination of two ideas annuls each other.Negative output: The combination of two ideas would produce a negative output.

From the list of ideas that we have obtained from various sessions start reading each one by one. As you read 1, 2, 3, ., start looking at relationships between ideas. Pick up the first idea and put write down 1 on a paper. Read the second idea is it related to first if yes write 2next to 1 or write 2 some distance away from 1. One by one you keep doing this picking and sorting into classes.This will result in some sort of clusters such as

1, 5, 7, 8, 122, 3, 9, 15, 194, 6, 10, 11, 13, 2014, 16, 17, 18

Each of these clusters may be termed as a concept, subtheme or theme.

Number of Ideas needed to make a Concept


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1 7 1 3

1 9

2 5

3 1

3 7

4 3

4 9

5 5

6 1

6 7

7 3

7 9

8 5

9 1

9 7

1 0 3

1 0 9

1 1 5

1 2 1

1 2 7

1 3 3

1 3 9

1 4 5

1 5 1

1 5 7

1 6 3

1 6 9

1 7 5

1 8 1

1 8 7

1 9 3

1 9 9

2 0 5

2 1 1

2 1 7

Raw Ideas/ConceptRaw Ideas/Concept

Our study on 15+Invention Projects in5 differentorganizationscreating more than200 new conceptsusing Crafittis end toend process indicatesthat raw ideas per concept is stochastic

process it followsPoisson distributionwith average 6 and standard deviation 6

About 30% raw ideas are generic

If you need to create a concept maximum 21number of non-generic raw ideas are needed

Maximum 28 Raw Ideaswill ensure a Concept


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ConceptRanking Using

AnalyticHierarchyProcess


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Crafitti Events: A Sprinkling


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June 2008

Feb 2009

Oct 2010

Crafitti Consulting Private Limited84

Paper at SNAC TISS:Social Network Typesand OrganizationalForms

Talk at BMA: LeanThinking

Paper Presentationat Design First Ultra Large ScaleSystem Design

Ideation Workshopat ICFAI

Talk at BarCamp: VedicInventive Principles

Public Workshop AdvancedPatent Analysis using TRIZ

Public Workshop - LeanInventive Systems Thinking

Talk at New HorizonCollege of Management:Lean Thinking Talk: Role of IP in

Business Valuation

Talk: TRIZ for GISat CAIR, DRDO

Talk at SPIN:Effective LeanManagement forSoftware Delivery

Talk InnovationCrafting at KCE

Talk at CCSTDS:TRIZ in PatentAnalysis

Talk at RussianCulture and

Science Centre:Innovation andPatents using TRIZ

Talk at Ranbaxy:Innovation Algorithms

Talk at Subex: Ideas andInventive Principles

Innovation Course at IBS:Idea Crafting

Talk at Philips:Advanced PatentAnalysis using TRIZ

Public Workshopat Hyderabad:Advanced Patent

Analysis

Public Workshop atChennai: Patents andInnovation

Lean for Apparel &Fashion Industry: Sessionat PSG College

Session on IPR:Strategy and BusinessImplications atWeSchool

Triggering Ideas withTRIZ: Session atWeSchool

Dec 2011

Invited Speaker: 2 nd InternationalConference on IPR

Invited Speaker:

SPICON 2010 Chennai

Invited Speaker: NID DesignProtection workshop @ Bangaloreand Delhi

Public WorkshopSoftwareInnovation

TRIZ Session @Sobha DevelopersBangalore

TechnicalPaperpresentation

@ 7 th InternationalSymposiumon FuelsandLubricants,Delhi

Innovation and TRIZ forManagement Team of First Indian Company,Bangalore

TRIZ for ICRISAT @Hyderabad

Crafitti: Applying TRIZ in multiple contexts


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Embedding TRIZ inGlobal MNC inConsumer Electronics

June 2008

Jan 2009

Dec 2011

85

TRIZ inDesign of Business Strategy forAtidan Technologies

TRIZ inDesign of Strategy forIdhasoft

Integrated Lean-TRIZapplication forProcess Innovationat ADC Krone

TRIZ inIdea Crafting for Thomson Reuters

May 2010: TRIZ in newproduct design shampooSuccessfully completedwith 22 solutiondirections for newShampoo

Paper Presentation at DesignFirst Ultra Large Scale

System Design using TRIZelements

TRIZ forentrepreneurs(technology): patentstrengthening, designaround, valuation

TRIZ inPatentAnalysis for DRDO

Article published in Real Innovation: Implement aHolistic Patent Strategy (using elements of TRIZ) for maximum Value

Article published inTRIZ-Journal.com:

The Elegant Solution and TRIZ

Case Study published in TRIZ- Journal.com : Useof TRIZ inSoftware Design

Work in progress:

Embedding TRIZ inlarge automotivecompany in India (7Projects successfullycompleted with 80+patentable ideas)

TRIZ increating anew learning systemfor an Education

company based inChennai

TRIZ ina SME toimprove theproductivity of Sweet corn in anSME in Salem

TRIZ inIntellectualProperty CellServices to one of the Indias topmostfortune 500companies

Crafitti organized theFIRST TRIZ INDIA SUMMIT 29 30 July 2010


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FIRST TRIZ INDIA SUMMIT 29-30 July 2010 Bangalore

86

Crafitti: Key Spheres of Influence


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Crafitti: Key Spheres of Influence

Industry &Ecosystem

Organization

People

April 19, 2012 87

Idea generation,Problem solving,

Decision makingContinuous learning

Lean Thinking,Systems Thinking,Value Engineering,Design Thinking,Inventive Thinking,Decision Engineering

Embedding InnovationDNA , Technology andbusiness strategy,process productivity andvalue generation, IPRadvisory services, Patentanalysis and portfoliomanagement

Enabling openinnovation, Technologyand business evolutionresearch

Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.


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c r a f t i n g i n n o v a t i o n t o g e t h e rCrafitti Consulting: Background

April 19, 2012 88

Crafitti is an innovation research and consulting firm and facilitates innovation inbusiness, science and technology contexts

Crafitti is currently incubated at the NSR centre for Entrepreneurial Learning at IIMBangalore

Navneet Bhushan and Karthikeyan Iyer, the founding directors of the firm, have closeto 30 years of collective industry experience and have been focused on researchingand facilitating innovation in diverse enterprise contexts over the past decade

Crafittis frameworks are a distillation of this experience and provide a potent platformto accelerate innovation in contexts as diverse as building innovative businessstrategies, conceptualizing and designing new breakthrough products and services,designing technological alternatives, intellectual property portfolio management,

process innovation and embedding innovation DNA in organizations .

NAVNEET [email protected]

Founder director of CRAFITTI CONSULTING(www.crafitti.com) a research and consultingthink tank - co-crafting Innovation with global


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April 19, 2012 89

Phone: +91 9902766961

Post Graduate Diploma in IPR (NLSIU, Bangalore), DiplomaPatent Information (The Netherlands), M.Tech (Computer Science & Engg) IIT Madras, M.Sc (Software Science)

Allahabad University, B.Sc (Hons.) Physics (Delhi University)

g genterprises.

Principal author of Strategic Decision Making- Applyingthe Analytic Hierarchy Process published by Springer-

Verlag, UK, as part of the Decision Engineering Series.The book has been featured at Harvard Business School Working Knowledge for Business Leaders. Has authored more than 65 research papers and articles.

Associate editor of the International Journal of AnalyticHierarchy Process and reviews research papers fordefence science journal.

Blogs at http://innovationcrafting.blogspot.com

Previously held various corporate positionsVice-President and Head (Innovation) with HexawareTechnologies),Principal Consultant with Wipro Technologies

CEO of CREAX Information Technologies Pvt Ltd.,Technology Specialist at Philips global IntellectualProperty & Standards (IP&S) division,Senior Research Associate with Infosys TechnologiesLimited (http://www.infosys.com).

Scientist in DRDO 1990-2000.


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Thank You

Crafitti Consulting Pvt Ltd |www.crafitti.com

([email protected])

+91 9902766961

What Darwin

ld


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told us .


A

Boy

in 1895 asked aquestion?


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question?


If a light wave was to be stationary one could scoop

out a handful of light just likeice- cream?

When in 1946 A 20 years old engineer.


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in Soviet Union Navy discovered (after studying

large number of inventions , patterns in Technical systems) and proposed

Technological Systems also just like

living systems evolve and One can identify stages of evolution of

technical systems which can be used to predict and develop next generation

technical systems .

April 19, 2012 93He was sent to Jail


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We have to give it a try with what weh


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have

Whether you are smallor big has nothing to do


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g gwith your size


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Thank You

Crafitti Consulting Pvt Ltd |www.crafitti.com

([email protected])

Case Studies


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How to Invent using a Patent (2011)

Analyzing a patent(2009)

HOW TO INVENT USING A PATENT


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Objectives and Process

The objective of a Technological Alternative Study (TAS) is to analyze a givenPatent and explore various ways in which the invention described in thepatent can be transformed to next levels in its evolution.

There are four main phases of this study and it is always carried out with thedomain experts from client organization.

Phase I: Patent study and analysis Phase II: Phase II: Preliminary ideation

Phase III: Collective brainstorm in a workshop setting (To be carried outduring the workshop)

Phase IV: Solution evaluation and final report submission (To be carried outduring the workshop)

19-04-2012 99

Technological Alternatives Study onEP0922744


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EP0922744

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19-04-2012 101

Laws Lines Sub-lines

Choose the systemstage from dropdown menu

TotalNumberof stages

AnyTechnology

Di l d i f h E f


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c r a f t i n g i n n o v a t i o n t o g e t h e rLaw of Completeness System completeness

Dislodging of humaninvolvement

Emergence ofengine

3 2

Law of shortening of energy flow pathReduction in the number ofenergy transformation stages

Reduced number of energytransformation stages

Fewtransformations

3 2

Law of harmonization of rhythmsDecreasing time to perform thefunction

Function distribution amongtwo or more simultaneouslyoperating systems

onesystem(subsystem)

per function3 1

Transition to a peak mode ofperformance

Continuous 4 1

Transition to prelim inaryaction

Partial preliminaryaction

2 1

Law of transition to higher level systems Multi-systemsIncreasing number ofsystems

Poly-system 3 3

Increasing diversity ofcomponents

Heterogeneous 4 3

Increasing ConvolutionIncreasing Convolution of biand poly systems Separate systems 3 1

Evolution of Materia lsIncreasing non-uniformity ofmaterials

Homogeneous 3 1

Law of Transition to Micro-LevelIncreasing flexibil ity of physicalstructures Transition to fluids and fields

Field 6 6

Change of Scale Increasing fragmentation Layered 6 2

Increasing FragmentationIncreasing degree ofvoidness

voids-filled-with-substance

4 3

Law of Increasing Degree of Control Increasing functional flexibilityTransition to continuouslyvariable system

Multi-state system 3 2

Transition to active adaptivesystems

Operator-controlledsystem

3 2

Transition to self-adaptingsystems

Rigid system 4 1

Transition towards forwardsensing

No feedback 3 1

Proliferation of ene rgy formsthat are easier to control

Increasing controllability ofEnergy sources

Biological 6 6

Law of non-uniform evolution ofsubsystems

Law of increasing degree of ideality 19-04-2012 102

Application of Mapping Tool (State of Productsin a Field)


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Relevant Lines are chosen and current state of the fieldmapped to specific stage. On each line of evolution, onecan move from current state to next state guided byLines.

Available Space for creatingnew Product Concepts

19-04-2012 103

Results


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In July, 2011 a workshop was conducted by Crafitti at YYYcenter on Strengthening Patent Portfolios

It was attended by more than 20 Scientists and Engineersof YYY

As part of the workshop an exercise was conducted to findtechnological alternatives to a patent. In the live casestudy, a specific patent was chosen and Crafittis

systematic process for inventing was applied. 122 raw ideas were generated in 3 hours using Inventive

principles, Laws/Lines of system evolution and patentclaims.

April 19, 2012 104

The Strategic Bubble Chart gives us a plot of all 7 concepts on Novelty-Feasibility Plane . The size of Bubble indicates the relative business

potential.The Strategic Bubble Chart gives us a clear direction and road map for each concept.

It was mentioned that If we carry out similar exercise for other 9 themeswe should be able to create at least 40-60 concepts.

Strategic Bubble Chart


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Patent Analysis for Value and

Invention

How to Analyze Patents using Social Network Analysis(SNA) and TRIZ


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April 19, 2012 107

CDK Inhibitors

In general, pharmacological inhibitors of


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April 19, 2012 108

CDKs display selective anti-proliferativeeffects on cycling cells, especially tumour cells . Many compounds with very high

potency against CDKs in vitro are available,which (like the pyridine based inhibitors) arestructural analogues of ATP. However, inmany cases this biochemical potency does not

translate into cellular potency , presumablydue to unknown mechanistic reasons andperhaps because of high physiological ATPconcentrations. Connected with this problemis the question of what are the actual cellular targets of a biochemical CDK inhibitor. Most of the CDK inhibitors like any protein kinaseinhibitors are ATP analogues and bind to the

ATP binding pocket of the enzyme, this lead

them to bind non-specifically across the classof CDKs.

The state of art CDK inhibitor development is facing two challenges (subject matter of US 7271193) improving potency of inhibitor improving specificity of inhibitor

TRIZ Way of Analyzing a Patent for Finding outStrength and Inventive Principles


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Strength and Inventive Principles

The state of art CDK inhibitor development is facing two challenges (subject matter of US 7271193) improving potency of inhibitor improving specificity of inhibitor

April 19, 2012 109

Key Contradictions in problem stated prior art of US 7271193

FORCE vs. ACCURACY

Force is the generic definition of the binding force or affinity between aninhibitor and the enzyme (CDK). It denotes the strength of interactions between

the enzyme and inhibitors.Accuracy defines the specificity challenges faced during an inhibitor design.The two conflicting parameters can be resolved by applying the inventive principle .

Application of contradiction matrix results in the following inventive principlesas triggers for further improvement-3, 35, 13, and 21.

Other Key Contradictions that can be explored

FORCE vs. HARMFUL EFFECTS AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE vs. ACCURACY

STABILITY OF OBJECTS vs. OBJECT GENERATED HARMFUL EFFECTS

Inventive Principles as Triggers for Ideation


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Inventive Principle (3) Local quality

Change an object's structure from uniform to non-uniform, change an external environment (orexternal influence) from uniform to non-uniform.

IDEA TO EXPLORE - Use a temperature, density, or pressure gradient instead of constant temperature, density orpressure. This can give us the clue as to how to improve the existing inhibitors by employing the

density gradient lets say of charges, during designing the nucleophilic regions in the inhibitors.

Make each part of an object function in conditions most suitable for its operation. Make each partof an object fulfil a different and useful function.

IDEA TO EXPLORE- Inhibitor has two parts with one, it should bind strongly to the enzyme via its ATP binding pocket,

and the second part is designed so that the chemical groups are able to reach residues outside of the ATP binding sites(1). Another way of looking at it is to design bi-substrate analogue(2).

References

(1) The AAPS Journal 2006; 8 (1) Article 25 ;Selectivity and Potency of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitors; Jayalakshmi Sridhar ,1 Nagaraju Akula, 1 andNagarajan Pattabiraman.

(2) Nature Structural Biology , volume 8 number 1,2001 ,Mechanism-based design of a protein kinase inhibitor; Keykavous Parang, et al.

April 19, 2012 110



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Inventive Principle (35) Parameter changes

Change the concentration or consistency . IDEA TO EXPLORE

Once certain amount of inhibitor is used up for binding with cdk4, the formulation should able torelease diluents to lessen the inhibitor effect on cdk2.

Change the degree of flexibility. IDEA TO EXPLORE

The chemical substitutions of the inhibitor based on the structural activity relationship areemployed to improve potency and specificity. Inhibitor should form strong, and stable bond(may be hydrogen bonds) with cdk4; and inhibitor should form less stable bond with cdk2. Theselectivity is largely due to hydrogen-bonded interactions with kinase residues.CDK4 selectivity isdisplayed due to the electronegative nature of its active site. Therefore, if inhibitor containspositively charged group it binds quickly with the enzyme binding site. At the same time, makethe inhibitor flexible so that when cdk2 active site is exposed to inhibitor, conformational changeoccur weakening its binding interactions with the protein. This can be designed by repelling theinhibitor and amino acid residues at the active site of cdk2 due to same charges (say positivecharges), and conformational change occur might weaken the interaction between cdk2 and

inhibitor. April 19, 2012 111



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Inventive Principle (13) The other way round

Invert the action(s) used to solve the problem (e.g. instead of cooling anobject, heat it)

IDEA TO EXPLOREinstead of competitive inhibition of the kinases make theenzyme-substrate complex un-dissociate able.

Make movable parts (or the external environment) fixed, and fixed

parts movable.IDEA TO EXPLOREThis can be employed while performing chemical substitutionof the inhibitors, substituting fixed amino acid/chemical groups with flexible onesand vice a versa Inventive Principle (21) Skipping

Conduct a process, or certain stages (e.g. destructible, harmful or hazardousoperations) at high speed.

IDEA TO EXPLOREImproving the rate of association and/or dissociationbetween enzyme and inhibitors.

April 19, 2012 112

FINDING AND RESOLVING THE PHYSICALCONTRADICTION


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CO C O

The physical contradiction which need to be resolved is inhibitor present and

inhibitor absent at the same time.This physical contradiction can be resolved by separation in space

Where do I want inhibitor to be present: at the site of cdk4

Where do I want inhibitor to be absent: at the site of cdk2

Inventive Principles recommended Segmentation Taking out Local quality Another dimension Other way round

Curvature Asymmetry Nested doll Flexible shells/thin films Intermediary Copying

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Local quality -Inhibitor shaped exactly complementary to cdk4 active site to facilitate stable locking or stable enzyme-

inhibitor complex formation.

-Make the inhibitor in such a way so that when it is in contact with the desired enzyme it will make the enzymeproperly orient, by forming special bonds or make the inhibitor inactive when it gets exposed to undesiredenzyme.

-In addition to ATP-binding site of CDK4 which can be exploited for various sites of interaction, the residuesoutside the main ATP-binding cleft have been identified that could be targeted to increase specificity andpotency for particular enzyme

Another dimension Make the structure of a inhibitor non-planar and is therefore not likely to intercalate with DNA, and thus

reducing toxicity. Varying the chain length between the substituents, as well as changing the bond from singleto double or vice a versa, degree of flexibility can be achieved in the inhibitor molecule itself. This will causeincrease or decrease the interaction between cdk and enzyme.

Intermediary Increase accessibility of the active site using hydrophilic solvent, which also increases hydrogen

bonding.

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Other way round -Make the inhibitor in such a way so that when it is in contact with the desired enzyme it will make the enzyme

properly orient, by forming special bonds or make the inhibitor inactive when it gets exposed to undesiredenzyme.

-Make the undesired enzyme (cdk2) to change its conformation, on exposure to inhibitor. This will lead tointeraction of inhibitor with cdk4 only

-Make cdk4 inactive by destroying its bonds which can lead to 'inactive' conformer in which the activation loopblocks the substrate binding site

-Modify the structure of ATP in cancerous cells by binding to adenine, triphosphate or ribose so that essentialstructure to catalysis are destroyed

Curvature Switch between linear and rotary motion to enhance desired interaction between

enzyme and inhibitor

Asymmetry Prepare a particular stereoisomer or geometrical isomer of the inhibitor which will interact with

the desired active site of the enzyme

Copying The data obtained through X-ray Crystallography (structure of enzyme inhibitor complex), and molecular

modeling or molecular dynamics simulations will enhance the chances to prepare highly selective and efficientinhibitor.

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Social Network Analysis (How Social is MyPatent?)


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Ego Centric

Citation Indexof US 7271193

Level 2 Citation Network

of US 7271193

Mapping the Patent to TRIZ Lines of SystemEvolution Finding Further Invention Potential


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TRIZ - 5 Levels of Inventions

8/2/2019 Innovation Mysterie

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