Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Innovation in Public Systems
Surpassing expectations Of People by
Learning from them
anil k gupta IIMA, NIF, honey bee network,
monitoring context changes the content
Learning from Birbal
How to shorten a line without rubbing it
Draw a longer line beside it
What was changed? The context
What got changed, the content
Context
content
“Conceptually, any innovation implies substantial improvement in the ways of doing things, producing goods or providing services. It may involve a new use of an existing resource or producing ( or delivering) existing goods or services through new methods ( or new instruments/materials)” (Gupta, 1992)
Innovations are easy
Method
Old New
Old Application New
Old Material/instruments new
Learning to unlearn
The Barriers to Learning • the cost of non-learning is borne by somebody else; • Benefits( rewards) from the learning are not sure and
sufficient; • learning requires discrediting one’s knowledge and
demystifying one’s expertise; • we believe that our learning is not enough, others must
also learn; • learning implies changing the accepted way of doing
things, disturbing the status quo and treading on toes of others ( Gupta, 1990).
Learning pedagogies
• is swantah sukhay ( for one’s own happiness) still a valid principle?
• Can we ever ensure horizontal accountability without vertical accountability?
• When cost of failure is low, shouldn’t we just try? When it is high, can we not convert it into investment?
A Lesson for learners
A change not monitored is a change not desired (g, 1984)
Honey Bee Network founded in 1987-1988
A nameless, faceless innovator comes into contact with the Network and gets an
identity.
Meghalaya
Technology is like words, institutions
are like
grammar and
culture is like
thesaurus
Three pillars of sustainability
Intellectual
capital
Ethical Capital
( internal regulations)
Social capital Trust, reciprocity and third part sanctions
External regulation
Intellectual property ( that part of ic from the
commercial applications of which,
one can exclude others for a
given period of time)
Natural
capital
( commoditization of
resources, stored,
sold, exchanged,
controlled) Source: Gupta, 2001
Building upon four capitals for sustaining innovations
CREATING open source PUBLIC STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE
Patamda, Puruliya –bankura
shodhyatra
blending
Passion,
purpose
and
Performance
Through
Platforms
Is inertia inevitable?
Multiple destinies of a cobbler
mongolia china
kabul
Kuchh bhi to nahin badla
Mapping the creative mind of India and the world at grassroots
Cultural
Educational
Technological
Institutional
folkloric
Inclusive innovations
• Dimensions of Inclusion
–Spaces
–Sectors
–Social segments
–Skills and knowledge
Innovations
• Method—processes
• Material—entropy, energy,
• Applications –externally driven user driven, community driven
Innovation Outcomes: 7Cs
• Convergence
• Collaborations
• Creativity
• Convenience, comfort, drudgery reduction,efficiency
• Cost reduction, affordability
• Coverage: reaching the unreached
• Consumption -sustainable
National Innovation Clubs:
• Search: Celebrating the decade of innovation by mapping the creativity and innovations in the hinterland
• Spread: Disseminating/Cross-pollinating innovations across spaces, social segments and sectors
• Sense or Benchmark: Identifying the roots of persistent problems and the mindsets that trigger their continued tolerance in society and solve problem, add value and develop product/service
• Celebrate: Recognising achievers in different social segments
Transcending the Frontiers of frugality
• Children
• Tech youth : techpedia.in
• Informal sector –NIF
• Professionals
• Public administrators
Service at your door step: Sheikh Jahangir, Jalgaon, Maharshtra
Fortune at the Top of Ethical and Innovation Pyramid
Scooter mounted flour mill Scooterbased washing machine
Compressed air car
Mr. Kanak Gogoi, Assam, cost per km, 60 paise
learning from common people:
Saidullah, champaran, Bihar
Blending
love, learning and loving
learning love
living
Recognizing the traditions of Excellence:
an eye for detail
Leadership is to look for excellence in every day life, all around, even on roadside, AnantNag., Jammu and Kashmir
Solutions for the poor and the rich, by the poor: but this is not Jugaad,
Non stick clay pan: Rs 60 /= Mansukh Bhai Prajapati, Surendra Nagar, Gujarat
Mansukhbhai : Mitticool Product Range
Automated Circular Kiln that Mansukhbhai made specially for the baking tawas and diyas
One of the kiln he uses today
Bicyle Refrigerator For Rural Areas.
Student/ Author : Sagar Chandrakant Gadkar, Amol Raghunath Kachare, Sanjay Shivaji Kachare, Suyog Hanmant Jadhav
Guided By : Prof. S. A. Khot
College : Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of technology, Budhgaon, Sangli
It is a 50 lit capacity, refrigerator which is powered by a rear wheel of bicycle. To achieve the required rpm of compressor we provide a larger pulley of dia 20 inch on rear wheel shaft through which pulley we run the compressor and achieved the required output.
It is a 50 lit capacity, refrigerator which is powered by a rear wheel of bicycle. To achieve the required rpm of compressor we provide a larger pulley of dia 20 inch on rear wheel shaft through which pulley we run the compressor and achieved the required output. Steady paddling of bicycle at 14 km/hr. for 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of 35 C, brings down the temperature in box to 8 C.
creativity, compassion, communication and collaboration
anil
Honey Bee Network www.Sristi.org/anilg [email protected]
[email protected] www.nifindia.org
Techpedia.in
Autopoeisis at grassroots for inclusive development
creativity, compassion, communication and collaboration
Learning platforms: from concrete to abstract
• 1. Artefactual - as a replication of solution level
• 2. Analogically - metaphor to inspire
• 3. Heuristically - as a model or principle
• 4. gestalt - configurational level
• Gupta, 2012, Own complilation
Some leaves from the lives of public adm innovators
Karnataka Sakala Services Act
2011
Sakala means “in time” - Name, Logo, Slogan were proposed by Citizens.
SAKALA – No More Delays…We Deliver on Time
Time Bound Services – Phase 1 & 2 ( Existing Departments)
Time Bound Services – Phase 2 ( New Departments)
Most sought after services Department SERVICE most sought
(cumulative)
TOTAL NO. OF GSC DISPOSALS
Revenue All types of Caste & Income Certificate 7916942
Transport Learning Licence 810841
Urban Issue of Birth, Still Birth and Death Certificates
362141
Food Modification in Existing Ration Card 751322
Home Receipt and Disposal of Petitions 229014
Commercial Tax Issue of form C Declaration 1284627
Call Centre • A bridge b/w citizens & Government (8 am to 6 pm all working
days)
• Single no. for the State - 080- 4455 4455.
• Over 1,75,856 calls received so far. About 98 per cent request were serviced with in time
• So far 865 Sakala & 1750 Non Sakala complaints received .
Technology as a Tool to Interact!
• Mobile number is insisted from citizens to collect feedback and confirm receipt of Services.
• As soon as service is applied – SMS is sent to Citizen as well as official.
• SMS to the official is sent twice a day – Once in the morning for what is DUE and once in the evening of what was DONE.
Lean & Mean - The Mission Mode • The Mission is led by a Senior IAS officer as the
Mission Director– ex officio Secretary Administrative
Reforms.
• The lean team of 5 with the help of
Information Technology is geared to monitor,
analyze and run the show with a near 98%
precision!
Excelling one’s potential voluntarily
The idea was that just as the mythical character Bhagirath had brought the Ganga on the earth single handedly, could there not be similar developmental entrepreneurs found in the bureaucracy? He asked the lowest level of staff in the Agricultural and some other departments to (volunteer for becoming Bhagirath).
Such volunteers would set their own targets of achievement which should be double or more of what had been done in the past. The only reward that would follow is that Mehta would pay personal attention to every volunteer and listen and appreciate their effort. No other compensation was to follow. Apparently excellent results were obtained.
M L Mehta was then Secretary Planning and Development Commissioner in Rajasthan.
“If one man’s poison can be another person’s meat, could not one person’s pollutant become another’s raw material?”
Vittal was the Managing Director of the Gujarat Narmada Fertilizer Corporation and faced a serious problem of disposing fly ash; a waste product which was causing pollution in the neighbourhood. He heard from a friend in the Electricity Corporation, who was also facing a similar problem, that it could perhaps be tried for reclaiming eroded land. As he put it very graphically, “If one man’s poison can be another person’s meat, could not one person’s pollutant become another’s raw material?” And he proved that it could.
Three shifts to meet shortage of industrial manpower
Cowlagi faced a very serious challenge in the late 1970’s in the field of industrial training in Gujarat. The unemployment problem was increasing and so was the demand of trained manpower but the supply was not. There was a political realization that some thing had to be done rather urgently. He realized that various industrial training institutes in the state were running only one shift.
The technical trainers in these institutes were quite demoralized because of very limited opportunities for vertical growth and various other administrative irritants. He consulted the colleagues and, together with them, worked out a scheme for tripling the output with the same infrastructure by running three shifts of training at the ITIs.
Auto-emission check by vehicle owners
Raja tried an innovative experiment when he was Transport
Commissioner in Bombay. He found that in most developed countries the owners of the vehicles were responsible for keeping their vehicles in the condition that they caused minimum pollution. Auto emission check and control made the task of urban environmental management manageable.
He studied the legal system and the laws enacted by the different
countries and proposed to the political leadership that a similar aw be enacted in Maharashtra legislative assembly. Despite tremendous opposition by the automobile industry, who were expected to make some changes in their designs and petrol pumps which were supposed to provide the facility for checking (and others), the act was passed and Bombay became the first city in India to have such a law.
Road tax recovery : from every year to once in lifetime Kamal Taori, while looking after Transport and Khadi Village Industries Department, introduced several innovations which became part of national policies. In the transport department there were several issues faced such as rampant corruption; inability to discriminate between a frequent visitor and occasional visitor; small user and large user or tax payer and frequent collection of small amounts or one time collection of reasonable tax and, thus, reduce paper work without decreasing the revenue too much, etc.
Building upon the knowledge of touts who abounded in the system, local
staff and some of the users, he devised a system of paying tax for several years at a time.
A simple insight that 90% of the taxes were recovered from heavy vehicles,
whereas 90% of the work involved light vehicle owners, helped in transforming the work.
Lifetime tax paid once is such a great relief now
Learning from multiple sources, levels, and channels:
Future sources of learning, creativity and innovation would not be
restricted to formal boundaries of organisations.
Polycentric Learning from multiple sources, levels, and channels:
Creating networks:
No one organization is likely to possess sufficient information or knowledge to enable it to achieve its goals
Shaping future requires working sometimes without templates:
Integration of different streams of thought and action require incorporation, assimilation and adaptation of the strengths of each system
Shadows of sustainable spirit: trying to look for frugal, diverse, resilient and simultaneous solutions, as nature does all the time
Emerging Models of innovations
• New models of innovations:
a) Building upon what disadvantaged people are rich in: inability to live with problems unsolved –overcoming inertia
b) Empathetic innovations: samvedana se srijansheelta, kho kho model of innovation ( innovation relay )
c) Going beyond long tail, long nose of innovations to turbulent innovations
Models of innovations:
d) Inverted model of innovations: children invent, engineers fabricate, and companies commercialize
e) Pooling of distributed ideas for innovation and experimentation : uncommon from common
f) distributed mind management: www.techpedia.in, transcending the limits of frugality
g) Moving blackboards: learning from unexpected quarters
Changing the context changes the content
• Known products –known markets
• Known products-unknown markets
• Unknown products-known markets
• Unknown products-unknown markets
(gupta, 2012)
Making Breakthroughs for market
Incubator
R & D
Product Development,
Business
Development, Market
Research
Sanctuary
(Paradigmatic Shift)
Known
Known
Unknown
Unknown
Product
Mar
ket
Long tail of innovation ( only a few achieve scale, a
large number sell a few pieces or in a few communities)
Long nose of innovation: Take long time to come into market
Room for maneuver
Andhra Pradesh Meghalaya
Mizoram
Energy: Do we harvest efficiently?
Low Cost Wind mill Mehtar Hussain and Mushtaq Ahmad, Assam Over 35 units installed in salt farming regions of Gujarat to improve livelihood of poor salt farmers
Innovation by Mehtar Husain and his brother Mushtaq Ahmed from Assam to Gujarat
Several African countries have shown interest to get this technology
Just 70 Euro
Stronger, durable version, 900 euro, saves diesel worth 700 euro in one season of salt making
Solutions for the poor and the rich, by the poor: but this is not Jugaad,
Non stick clay pan: Rs 60 /= Mansukh Bhai Prajapati, Surendra Nagar, Gujarat
Mansukhbhai : Mitticool Product Range
Curiosity is thy nature, indifference is ours?????????
How can we scout innovative ideas from kids , tech students, informal sector and professional individuals?
Nisha Chaube NOIDA Bag with folding seat
Arnab from, West Bengal
Kitchen King- automatic food making machine Master Abhishek
Bhagat, class tenth, Bhagalpur, Bihar
Arnab, west bengal
Mohammed Usman Hanif Patel, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, class two
www.techpedia.in
• recently a new initiative techpedia.in, (a portal by SRISTI ( sristi.org) pooling 104,000 engineering projects by 350k students from over 500 institutions) etc., engaging with youth in the one of the youngest country
•
Shanu sharma: vardan, iitk
raghunath p Lohar
Image, Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis for
deaf and dumb to talk to normal people
Saurabh Saket and Rahul Ranjan , Bhutta College of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana
Has any big company given you fridge that also gives you hot water, keeps food warm and consumes less electricity
Lpg gas based refrigerator Chintan, mayank, biren Mehsana
Hot water from fridge Dhruv Mehsana
Exhaust pipe cools drivers cabin `
Innovations and traditional
knowledge
Investment Enterprise
GOLDEN TRIANGLE OF CREATIVITY
Creativity counts Knowledge matters Innovations transform Incentives inspire ( not just individual, but also collective, not just
material, but also non-material)
the Honey Bee Network is yours ! For rewarding indigenous creativity and innovation www.techpedia.in, www.sristi.org, www.nif.org.in [email protected]