INNOVATION IN PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURES:Humanis ing Low - Income Group Hous ing through Technology &

Innovat ion

A total of 200,000 affordable homes are expected in 2018-2020 by promoting greater

engagement by the private sector. The National Affordable Housing Council will be set up to coordinate the management of

affordable public property.

❖ Mid-Term Review 11th Malaysia Plan, Tun Dr. Mahathir (18 October 2018)

The need to revolutionise the construction sector to make it more efficient, safe and less reliant on

foreign labour, are reasons why the Industrialised Building System (IBS) is being touted as the

new way of building.

Gamuda IBS

(The Star, 12 Jun 2018)

Housing is a vital issue in many countries, especially in a country like Malaysia, which is moving toward the status of a high income country.

Such challenge can be solved through the application of Science, Technology, and Innovation.

The Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) expects a 5% reduction in construction

costs by 2020, if the use of IBS is made mandatory by then.(CIDB, 2018)

Construction costs

are part of factors that affect the housing supply in Malaysia due to issues of fragmentation which typically

relate to the construction industry.

HOUSING ISSUEin Malaysia

01 Lack of collaboration

03The combination of low skills level and

production technology

02Low investment in production technology

aimed at improving construction costs and

reducing construction times

04Little improvement of design inputs to

enhance buildability on-site

Characterized by fragmentation and suffers from:

(KRI, 2015)

Overcrowdin

w Quality Design & ConstructionL

Mai tenance

Ins fficient Ventilation & Day Lighting

Cramped Liv ng Spaces

afety

OUSING ISSUE IN MALAYSIAH

O

U

S

I

N

G

CIRCULATION

GREENERY

DISABLED ACCESS

VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

CASE STUDY 1PPR Kota Bharu, Kelantan: Sustainability Analysis

a post-occupancy evaluation survey has found

that the ventilation through the voids have

been ineffective in drying laundry

Section (2)24-storeys

Section (3)18-storeys

Cont’dKITCHEN & LAUNDRY YARD –PPR KOTA BHARU

• the voids play a vital role in ventilating the

inward-facing bedrooms, laundry yard & kitchen

• although ventilated, the sheer height of the

blocks hinders the ability of the void to effectively

pull air out from the occupied spaces

• upper floors and roofs are exposed to more

wind than lower floors hence has better indoor air

quality

• buildings with thin profiles are easiest to

ventilate, however this building has a fairly large

profile due to the layering of units

ORIENTATION

• PPR KB is orientated such

as that the 2 adjacent

entrances are north-south

facing

• as a result, majority of the

blocks (6 out of 9) are north-

south facing and receive

optimal daylighting

• 3 out of 9 of the blocks are

east-west facing and receive

direct sunlight

• absence of an AC ledge

suggests dependence on

passive cooling methods

• a significantly higher energy

use is expected for these

units as active cooling

strategies are needed

rearentrance

frontentrance

Case Study 2: PPR Sri Aman

1 parking / unit house, Library, hall, Computer room, community hall, Kindergarten & nursery, refuse

chamber, smart class, management office, control room, cctv and playground.

1,600 units of 3-bedroom social house to accommodate around 300 households

6 units to cater disabled people are located on the ground floor

Consists of four blocks

i. Block A & B – 20 storeys consist of 410 units per floor

ii. Block C & D – 19 storeys consist of 390 units per floor

iii. 5th level Parking block and open rooftop structure which consist of a multi-purpose hall

iv. 10 home units are designed for people with disabilities on the ground floor of each block

v. Flats in Block C are known as ‘rumah transit’ and are offered as rentals (plan)

The sale price of other flats = RM 35,000/unit

Achieved more than 70 IBS score

Tunnel formwork system

`

Case Study 3: PPR Kerinchi, Bangsar

Facilities around the PPR is LRT Kerinchi, shopping complex, school and clinic.

Inline with Government Transformation Programme (GTP), Kg. Kerinchi 4-

storey flat was chosen for redevelopment in 2010 where the main objective is

to upgrade owner’s standard of living.

The apartment were provided with washing machine, cabinet and dryer

No monthly commitment for the residents

Maintenance fee is RM 36 per month for the residents (until RM1 million grant

fully utilized). Normal maintenance fee is RM198 per month.

3 blocks, 28 levels and 472 units

CASE STUDY: Issues on Design-Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR)

HAZARDS

SPACEVENTILATION & LIGHTING

• Waist-high water

meters are located

along the corridor

• A very small space is provided for drying yard

• The space is misused and transformed into a

storage unit using an extended balcony grill as no

storage unit is provided

• Most residents installed a drying rack outside their

housing unit

• Current PPR designs do not have proper cross

ventilation

• The air wells provided are inefficient – waste use of

space, dark and dirty

• Narrow and dark corridors

Modular Design Concept

Innovative Design Concept from Case Study

De-programming PPR to RHR Modern Sustainable and Affordable Housing for Low-Income Groups

VIDEO HUMANISING – FLY THROUGH

House Type Area

(sqft)

Units per

floor

Percentage Units

(1 Block)

1 Bedroom Flat 614 1, 2, or 4 17% 27

2 Bedroom Flat 614 2, 3, or 8 32% 53

3 Bedroom Flat 904 3 or 6 27% 45

4 Bedroom Flat Type A 1195 1 8% 14

4 Bedroom Flat Type B 1195 1 8% 14

4 Bedroom Flat Type C 1195 0 or 2 8% 14

Total 167

167

UNITS

COMMUNITY & DIVERSITY

Diversity of house type in one floor to achieve balance

lifestyle in community

MODULARHOUSING CHART

DESIGN CONCEPT

5 Basic Modules using Mix & Match Concept

1 BEDROOM UNIT (614 SQFT)

2 BEDROOM UNIT (614 SQFT)

3 BEDROOM UNIT (904 SQFT)

DESIGN CUSTOMISATION

4 BEDROOM UNIT (1195 SQFT)

DESIGN CUSTOMISATION (cont.)

PASIVE DESIGN STRATEGY

Natural Ventilation

PASIVE DESIGN STRATEGY (cont.)

Natural Daylighting

PASIVE DESIGN STRATEGY (cont.)

Affordable Housing Exemplar Project

DIVERGENT DWELLING DESIGN

Funded by: In collaboration with:Research project by:

DIVERGENT DWELLING DESIGN

OBJECTIVES

01To meet the affordable housing

needs of the nation with quality

homes

03

To adopt higher IBS content in line

with the National Construction

Industry Road Map to enhance

construction time, quality and cost.

02

An innovative design and

construction method to improve the

quality of affordable homes that

creates value on a massive scale.

“Fragmentation of dwelling into

independent design units that enable mass

production and mass customisation”

DIVERGENT DWELLING DESIGN

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

01 OCCUPANTS

• Cooler internal temperature• Flexible layout• Leak-proof toilet pods• Natural lighting and good

ventilation

02 DEVELOPERS

• Shorter construction period• Better product quality• Cost saving-lower construction

cost• Reduce site and labour wastage

03 INDUSTRY

• Enables mass production• Better quality housing• Fullfill affordable housing need• Sustainable

DIVERGENT DWELLING DESIGN

ADVANTAGES

Common mass housing design

(900sqft)

D3 mass housing design

(900sqft)

DESIGN CONCEPT

DIVERGENT DWELLING DESIGN

1

23

4

7

5

86

9

5

IBS COMPONENTCOMPONENT 1Precast Shear WallSize : 250 mm thick

COMPONENT 2Precast ColumnSize : 450 Mm X 1100 Mm

COMPONENT 3Precast BeamSize : 250 X 550 Mm

COMPONENT 4Precast Plank SlabSize : 150 X 1200 X 6500 Mm

COMPONENT 5Precast Acotect WallSize : 100 mm Thick

COMPONENT 6Prefab Toilet / Bath UnitSize : 1550 X 1950 X 2350 MmQuantity : 2 Nos.

NON - IBS COMPONENTCOMPONENT 7Prefab Aluminium Sliding Door Adj. LouversSize : 1600 X 2100 mm

COMPONENT 8Ceramic Floor TilesSize : 400 X 400 mm

COMPONENT 9Prefab Ms RailingSize : 1200 mm AFFL

COMPONENT 10Plumbing and M&E

Consists of IBS and Non-

IBS component

85

DIVERGENT DWELLING DESIGN

Recessed external wallIndoor outdoor living Urban farming

Cross ventilationNatural lighting

1Reduce interior

temperature

2 Maximize airflow rate

3Provide protection

from sunlight and rain

4Encourage urban

farming

DIVERGENT DWELLING DESIGN

To study energy efficiency

functions of D3 design

To study customer feedback

towards D3 design

To study customer feedback on the

usage of construction materials and

IBS building techniques

To materialise and

commercialise D3SH research

into reality

PROTOTYPE

DIVERGENT DWELLING DESIGN

VIDEO D3

Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) for Responsive Housing Supply MMC definition:

“a range of processes + technologies which involve prefabrication, offsite assemble andvarious forms of supply chainspecifications”

British Research Establishment (BRE)

DEGREE OF INDUSTRIALISATION

Source: Roger-Bruno Richard (2005)

Source: NHBC Foundation (2016)

Continuum of PrefabricationLESS MORE

CONTINUUM OF PREFABRICATION

Tech

nolo

gy C

ompl

exity

Value Added to Customer

1

2

3

4

5

6

Current State

Conventional – Column Beam/Bricklaying

Reusable Formwork System

Precast System

Automated & Robotics

PPVC / Modular

3D Printing

MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

❑ Uncertainties throughout architecture, engineering and construction industry AEC) design project due to complications of multidisciplinary teamwork.

❑ Challenges associated with automation – Unstructured production of information exchange and integration of data processing.

❑ Low adoption of construction technology to support prefabrication/ offsite construction processes (e.g.: technology support tools, risk analysis and product modelling flow).

❑ Unsystematic design and design management.

❑ Low degree of flexibility in addressing customer needs during the on-site assembly stages.

❑ Issues concerning on business models.

❑ Limited knowledge and skills about the manufactured-oriented approach.

❑ Collaboration issues with both design and implementation.

ISSUES IN PREFABRICATION/ OFFSITE CONSTRUCTION

SOLUTION FOR PREFABRICATION/ OFFSITE CONSTRUCTION

Technology:

+ Digital construction

+ Automation and Robotic

+ New construction methods and

materials

Process:

+ Lean construction principles

+ Agile Project Management

+ Construction supply chain

management People:

+ Up-skilling of

personnel and enhance

local workforce

Preparation and brief Design Stage Construction Stage In Use

Construction Supply Chain Design Management Team

Client

Builders

Supplier & Manufacturer

Offsite

Construction Processes

Lean + Agile + Supply Chain Management

Client Management

Design Management

Program Management

Transport & Logistic Planning

Coordination

Facilities Management

Stages

DYNAMIC OFFSITE CONSTRUCTION

Resources

DfMA

Ecosystem

InitiativesPartnerships

Facilities & Infrastructures

TrainingEducation

• Product catalogues/library

•One stop center for DfMA

•Up-skill existing workforce for offsite construction

• Skills academy for DfMA

•Designing and installing of pre-fab products and modules

•Offsite construction in education - Integrated construction studio

• Technology and knowledge transfer from outside sector

• Support for construction R&D

• Support for future innovative construction technologies

•Architectural, Engineering and Construction design breakthrough

•New design approach

• Increase capacity in DfMA

• Transportation of modules

• Encourage construction stakeholders to innovate

•Collaboration between industry and academia

•Open global innovation forum and conference

WAY FORWARD: DfMA ECOSYSTEM

THANK YOUP r e p a r e d B y :

C e n t r e f o r A d v a n c e d C o n s t r u c t i o n Te c h n o l o g y & I n n o v a t i o n ( C A C T I ) , C R E A M - C I D B