Information from APPEC on the European Particle Physics Update Strategy process

and the GW program in Europe

DAWN V Meeting, 27 May 2019 Pisa

EU Strategy Update Open Symposium, Granada, 15 May 2019

http://www.appec.org Input #84 to the Update EU Strategy

Teresa.Montaruli@unige.chAPPECGAChair

Warning: I will focus on the European program and the Einstein Telescope

Update to the EU Strategy process

Big message from the Open SymposiumSM + gravity ≠ cosmos (Pilar Hernandez)

matter-antimatter asymmetry,dark matterdark energyinflation

Big questions yet need an answer

The big questions cannot be addressed only by accelerators. CERN science ≠ accelerators science but big question science

Relevant comments : When will CERN worry about unifying gravity with other fundamental forces?

ET is an accelerator without a beam

SAC Meeting, 19 June 2019

P. Hernandez

M. Kowalski

M. Kowalski: the long schedules are due to lack of European framework for APP large infrastructures?

APPEC Input to EPSSU2019i)the dark matter searches;

✦ A Joint Science WG: Increase presence of DD/ID scientists in Physics Beyond Colliders / LHC DM WG / a new WG? for cooperation on data analysis methods and comparison of data strategies

✦ DM searches require a strong theoretical support.ii) the multi-messenger astronomy, in particular the 3G GW experiments (ET);

✦ synergy with the multi-messenger astrophysics has the potential with the future generation of gravitational wave detector, the Einstein Telescope, to incorporate gravity within the model of fundamental interactions, to pin down the nature of dark matter and to explore matter in extreme conditions.

✦ Cooperation on structuring the governance, long term operation of underground infrastructures and on technology being defined by the Collaboration.

✦ APPEC support through a comittee of experts on large organisations and infrastructures iii) the neutrino physics;

✦ Full support to exploitation of CERN Platform program and participation to discussion on interplay of results from atmospheric neutrinos (hierarchy, nutau appearance, matrix elements & mass-squared differences precision, cross sections at HE, sterile neutrinos,…), and astrophysical neutrinos (exotic interactions, nutau appearance)

✦ Clarification on nature of neutrinos is a major quest. Roadmap for neutrinoless-double beta decay. Workshop in Sep-Oct followed by meeting with US later.

iv) the creation of a European Center for AstroParticle Theory (EuCAPT) ii)

APPEC EPPSU input # 84:

- Meetings of the ESG: Jun 21 (also WG3), Sep 24, Dec 10 (during CERN Council Week)

- Physics Briefing Book (S. Bentevelsen and M. Zito, M Carena, S. Asai) available on Aug. 26 for comments of ESG, then provided to Council on Sep 9 for comments; final version to be submitted on Sep. 27

- Dec 2-3 APPEC General Assembly to approve recomendations which have to be ready by Dec 10

- 20-24 Jan Strategy Update write up of ESG members and invited members (Bad Honnef)

- May 2020 Strategy Update Document approved by Council

Update to the EU Strategy process

Future steps

• 14-16 Oct. JENAS meeting, https://jenas-2019.lal.in2p3.fr where the slot is reserved on: Current and future physics with GW experiments, G. Losurdo

• As member of ESG, APPEC Chair (in ESG) will be able to provide a strong recommendation agreed with the ET Collaboration, DM, Neutrinos to be part of the final strategy document.

• Science synergy prominent in the reccomendation: The future generation of GW ground-based detectors, which in Europe is the Einstein detector, has the unique potential to explore the dark matter nature, its location in the cosmos, and to understand the fraction of it that is not a particle. With its capacity of testing gravity at extreme curvatures and matter in extreme conditions, such as in black holes or pulsars, it explores new fronitiers in cosmology and particle physics and specifically the unification of all forces, including gravity. The potential to explore heavy elements formation, and exotic forms of matter has also the potential to strengthen synergy between the nuclear, particle physics and cosmology communities. Not last, GW as part of multi-messenger astronomy has a striking potential of cosmic exploration, reaching out the fantasy of any citizen. Such exploration concerns also technology and computing challenges, and open access policies, which need to be developed in cooperation with CERN.

I.It provides a new tool for measuring distances to cosmological sources giving therefore an independent measure of the Hubble constant either solving the current tension between its “far” and “near” determinations or alternatively opening a portal to new physics (e.g. sterile neutrinos, new particles etc.). It furthermore provides an alternative way to measure the equation of state of Dark Energy.II.It explores the nature of dark matter in a complementary way to colliders and underground direct search experiments, since the existence or not of primordial black holes has a large impact on WIMP cosmological density. It will furthermore explore other dark-matter candidates and/or new particles currently searched at CERN and elsewhere, e.g. axions or ultra-light bosons.III.It reveals phase transition from nucleons to free quarks giving insight into the QCD phase diagram, explores the state of ultra dense nucleons and the origin of heavy elements and has the potential, through the studies of gravitational waves from supernova, to determine the physics of core-collapse supernova associated to neutrino and electromagnetic radiation emission. IV.It tests the nature of gravity, through extremely precise measurements of GW speed propagation, behaviour at extreme curvatures and matter concentration (black holes and pulsars) or through the testing the black hole hypothesis (no-hair theorem, horizon structure, echoes, …), V.It has inaugurated multi-messenger astronomy, exploring the sites of r-process heavy element production, testing the equation of state of dense nuclear matter or other novel compact objects.VI.It studies the primordial universe, through primordial stochastic backgrounds, early universe phase transitions, cosmic strings,…; VII.It finally probes the nature of space-time at the interface with quantum mechanics, through the study of alternative gravity and/or quantum gravity theories .

3G GW recommendation

ESG-WG3

• ESG-WG3 discussions: First meeting in Granada. Next on Jun 21.

• How CERN supports nearby discipline experiments

• CERN is providing technical assistance and expert help to the collaborations of non-CERN experiments and other scientific organisations. Material costs are carried by the external partners, while personnel service is provided by CERN, except dedicated manpower. MoU is signed among partners. Decisions to establish partnerships are made by the CERN management.

• Would a RE status and dedicated MoU suffice DM&Cosmology/0nubb/ET needs? ET in the CERN program option (CERN rules)?

• In the contest of WG3, it was requested to formalize a coherent and clear request from ET as Collaboration on cooperation with CERN. Members of CERN Council in the WG3 are supportive for ET as CERN program.

Towards 3G GW detectorsThe definition of a fruitful and bidirectional cooperation with CERN is of primary importance for ET. Governance: APPEC is considering how to support the development of ET governance, e.g. a WG with CERN involvement with GWIC and GWAC representatives, in view of the ESFRI proposal submission aimed at on Apr. 2020.GWAC is an informal exchange forum of Agencies representatives to develop higher level coordination.

Technical challenges shared with CERN community:-long term operation of underground facilities; low noise ventilation for radioactivity elimination, safety (descenderies, deep shafts, policies, monitoring), definition of criteria for site choice;

-Vacuum technologies applied to large volumes-Cryogenic technology also shared by DM and ββ0ν -Photosensors ,Lasers, mirrors, coatings (1 suitable facility only), electronics, data acquisition, monitoring

-computing/software/DATA policies-“smart” and resilient solutions for civil infrastructure

May 2005 Ph.D. in Physics Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, MunichLudwig Maximilian Universität, MunichPhD, magna cum laude

Staff researcher Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich

Since 2014: Spokesperson of the CRESST (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with SuperconductingThermometers) collaboration for the direct search of dark matter interactions with cryogenic detectors

Federica PetriccaMPP, Munich

2014 -2016: Group leader of the cryogenic detectors group at MPPRedesign of the CRESST detectors to opTmize the performance for low-mass dark maVer search.This improvement opened the possibility to explore the sub-GeV/c2 dark maVer mass range.2005 - 2012: Cryogenic detectors R&D coordinatorDevelopment of detectors that lead to the best sensiTvity for dark maVer parTcles with mass lighter that 2GeV/c2.2001 - 2005: Early career researcherDevelopment of cryogenic detectors for scinTllaTon light employed in CRESST with a detecTon threshold of <10 photons.

Main detector experTseLow-temperature detector technology and methods, low-background techniques, electronics of data acquisiTon systems and signal processing

APPEC Representative of ECFA panel

Next meeting to agree on new Chair and what the panel can do in relation to APPEC