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Make sure you have taken your EOI Make sure you have taken your EOI Practice Test.Practice Test.

We will have sign ups for our next We will have sign ups for our next APUSH Mock Test.APUSH Mock Test.

Our Unit 6 Test is on the February 12 Our Unit 6 Test is on the February 12 in room 253.in room 253.

Chapter 27 quiz will be Friday the 13Chapter 27 quiz will be Friday the 13thth..

APUSH Chapter 27APUSH Chapter 27

Empire & Expansion Empire & Expansion

APUSH Chapter 27APUSH Chapter 27

Empire & Expansion Empire & Expansion

1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests

2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

Alfred T. MahanAlfred T. MahanU.S. Naval OfficerU.S. Naval Officer

U.S. must keep U.S. must keep up with other up with other nations that est. nations that est. global military global military presence presence

By 1890 U.S. is By 1890 U.S. is world’s 3world’s 3rdrd largest navel largest navel powerpower

3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking

The White Man’sBurden

The White Man’sBurdenThe Hierarchy

of RaceThe Hierarchy

of Race

4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

Cultural Superiority?Cultural Superiority?

U.S. thought American way of U.S. thought American way of life is the bestlife is the best

It was their duty to It was their duty to “Americanize” & Christianize the “Americanize” & Christianize the rest of the worldrest of the world

5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier

5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier

U. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in Hawaii

Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

Why was Hawaii Why was Hawaii becoming increasingly becoming increasingly important to the US in important to the US in the 19the 19thth Century? Century?

Main industry to invest Main industry to invest in? in?

First Christian First Christian missionaries arrive in missionaries arrive in what year?what year?

Effect of the McKinley Effect of the McKinley Tariff of 1890Tariff of 1890? ?

U. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of Hawaiians

Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of economic treaties. by virtue of economic treaties.

Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of economic treaties. by virtue of economic treaties.

Why did Why did American sugar American sugar planters have to planters have to import laborers import laborers from other from other countries? countries? Results?Results?

By 1900 By 1900 foreigners foreigners outnumber outnumber Hawaiians 3 to 1Hawaiians 3 to 1

Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii1893 – AmericanAmerican

businessmen backed businessmen backed ananuprising against uprising against Queen Queen Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.

U.S. Marines are sent in to “protect” Americans in Hawaii, actually help overthrow the Queen

Sanford B. DoleSanford B. Dole proclaims the proclaims the Republic Republic of Hawaii in 1894.of Hawaii in 1894.

Sanford B. DoleSanford B. Dole

To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils

To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Essential QuestionEssential Question::Why did American expansionism during the turn of the Why did American expansionism during the turn of the

century result in the Spanish-American War and the war century result in the Spanish-American War and the war in the Philippines? in the Philippines?

Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba

The Imperialist TailorThe Imperialist TailorThe Imperialist TailorThe Imperialist Tailor

Cuba LibreCuba Libre During the 1800s During the 1800s

Cuba repeatedly Cuba repeatedly tries to gain tries to gain independence independence from Spainfrom Spain

Why does this Why does this concern the concern the USA? USA?

Americans Americans invest millions in invest millions in Cuban Sugar Cuban Sugar plantationsplantations

Rebels hoping for Cuban Rebels hoping for Cuban independence began a revolution and independence began a revolution and destroyed property owned by destroyed property owned by Spanish and Americans in CubaSpanish and Americans in Cuba

““YellowYellow Journalism” Journalism”““YellowYellow Journalism” Journalism”

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

William Randolph Hearst

William Randolph Hearst

Hearst to Frederick Hearst to Frederick Remington:Remington: You furnish the You furnish the pictures,pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! and I’ll furnish the war!

Sensationalizes & exaggerates headlines to sell newspapers

Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy

Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy

300,000 Cubans in concentration camps

How would the actions of Weyler encourage yellowyellow journalism?

Nicknamed “The Butcher”

De Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDupuy de Lôme, SpanishDupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S.Ambassador to the U.S.

Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and aMcKinley as weak and abidder for the admirationbidder for the admirationof the crowd, besidesof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be politicianbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to leave a doorwho tries to leave a dooropen behind himself whileopen behind himself whilekeeping on good termskeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hiswith the jingoes of hisparty.party.

Jingoism???Jingoism???Extreme patriotism in the form of Extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy.aggressive foreign policy.

Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

1898: ship mysteriously blows up in Havana Harbor

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”

How prepared was the US for war?

How prepared was the US for war?

Effects of location? Effects of location?

Effects of climate?Effects of climate?

Key Battles:Key Battles:Kettle Hill Kettle Hill San Juan HillSan Juan Hill

Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

Assistant Assistant Secretary of the Secretary of the Navy in the Navy in the McKinley McKinley administration.administration.

Imperialist and Imperialist and American American nationalist.nationalist.

Criticized Criticized PresidentPresidentMcKinley asMcKinley as having the having the backbone of a backbone of a chocolate éclair!chocolate éclair!

Resigns his Resigns his position to fight in position to fight in Cuba.Cuba.

The The “Rough “Rough Riders”Riders”

The The “Rough “Rough Riders”Riders”

Analyze the political cartoon on Analyze the political cartoon on p. 627 of your textbook. p. 627 of your textbook.

Explain in your own words what is Explain in your own words what is happening.happening.

What does this cartoon imply? What does this cartoon imply?

What is What is imperialismimperialism?? The policy in which stronger nations The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territoriesmilitary control over weaker territories

Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?Is He To Be a Despot?

Who actually orderedthe attack on the Philippines?

How long did the US Navy have to wait on reinforcements?

May – August 1898

Dewey Captures Manila! *Dewey Captures Manila! *Dewey Captures Manila! *Dewey Captures Manila! **With the help of Emilio Aguinaldo

The Spanish American WarThe Spanish American Warlasts only 16 weekslasts only 16 weeks

Results:Results:• Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris – 1898 – 1898 - Cuban independence Cuban independence (Teller Amendment?)(Teller Amendment?)

- Spain gives U.S. Puerto Rico & GuamSpain gives U.S. Puerto Rico & Guam

- $20 mil for Phil $20 mil for Phil (U.S. buys The Philippines for $20 million in 1898)(U.S. buys The Philippines for $20 million in 1898)

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

Great Great administrator.administrator.

US is forced to send 126k troops to put US is forced to send 126k troops to put down an armed rebelliondown an armed rebellion

Filipino fighting tactics?Filipino fighting tactics? Who led the Filipinos?Who led the Filipinos?

Emilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

LLeader of the Filipinoeader of the FilipinoUprising.Uprising.

July 4, 1946:July 4, 1946:Philippine Philippine independenceindependence

Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”

The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist

League League

The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist

League LeagueFounded in 1899.Founded in 1899.

Mark Twain, Mark Twain, Andrew Andrew Carnegie, WilliamCarnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan Jennings Bryan amongamongthe leaders.the leaders.

Campaigned Campaigned against the against the annexation of theannexation of thePhilippines and Philippines and otherotheracts of imperialism.acts of imperialism.

Teller Amendment (1898)Teller Amendment (1898)

Platt Amendment (1903) – Cuba becomes a Platt Amendment (1903) – Cuba becomes a protectorateprotectorate

1.1. Cuba can’t make treaties that limit independence or Cuba can’t make treaties that limit independence or allow foreign power to control territoryallow foreign power to control territory

2.2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an independent govt.to maintain an independent govt.

3.3. Cuba must leaseCuba must lease Guantanamo BayGuantanamo Bay to the U.S. for to the U.S. for naval station.naval station.

4.4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debtCuba must not build up an excessive public debt..

Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?

Senator Orville Platt

Senator Orville Platt

Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 18981900 - Foraker Act.Foraker Act.

PR became an “unincorporated territory.”PR became an “unincorporated territory.”

Citizens of PR, not of the US.Citizens of PR, not of the US.

Import duties on PR goodsImport duties on PR goods

1901-1903 1901-1903 the the Insular Cases.Insular Cases.

Constitutional rights were not automatically Constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions.extended to territorial possessions.

Congress had the power to decide these rights.Congress had the power to decide these rights.

Import duties laid down by the Foraker Act Import duties laid down by the Foraker Act were legal!were legal!

Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese

ImmigrantImmigrant

Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese

ImmigrantImmigrant

Chinese Exclusion Act,

1887

Chinese Exclusion Act,

1887

The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy

Secretary of StateSecretary of StateJohn Hay.John Hay.

Give all nations equalGive all nations equalaccess to trade in China.access to trade in China.

Guaranteed that China would NOT be Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken taken over by any one foreign power.over by any one foreign power.

Open Door Notes = preserve Chinese Open Door Notes = preserve Chinese independence and protect independence and protect American interestsAmerican interests

TheTheOpen Door Open Door

PolicyPolicy

TheTheOpen Door Open Door

PolicyPolicy

The Boxer Rebellion: 1900The Boxer Rebellion: 1900The Boxer Rebellion: 1900The Boxer Rebellion: 1900

““55 Days at Peking.”55 Days at Peking.”

Foreigners & Chinese Foreigners & Chinese Christians killedChristians killed

““kill the foreign devils”kill the foreign devils”

Election of 1900Election of 1900

McKinley vs. Bryan - againMcKinley vs. Bryan - again

What is the role of What is the role of Teddy Roosevelt?Teddy Roosevelt?

TR as VP – Why?TR as VP – Why?

1.1. Popularity as war heroPopularity as war hero2.2. ““Kicked upstairs” by Kicked upstairs” by

political bosses of NYpolitical bosses of NY

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt

How was TR different How was TR different from McKinley?from McKinley?

How will this effect the USA?

P. 647 - 651P. 647 - 651 What were the essential principles What were the essential principles

of Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign of Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy?policy?

Apply these principles to one of the Apply these principles to one of the situations below:situations below:

1.1. The Panama Canal The Panama Canal

2.2. Japan/RussiaJapan/Russia

Panama: The King’s Panama: The King’s Crown Crown p. 648p. 648

Panama: The King’s Panama: The King’s Crown Crown p. 648p. 648

1850 1850 Clayton-Clayton-BulwerBulwer Treaty. Treaty.

1901 1901 Hay-Hay-PauncefortePaunceforte Treaty. Treaty.

Philippe Bunau-Varilla,Philippe Bunau-Varilla,agent provocateur.agent provocateur.

1903 1903 Hay-Bunau-Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty Varilla Treaty..

Revolution in PanamaRevolution in Panama American SpiritAmerican Spirit

p. 191-192p. 191-192 What was the role What was the role

of the US in the of the US in the revolution? revolution?

How is this an How is this an example of example of Imperialism?Imperialism?

Panama CanalPanama CanalPanama CanalPanama Canal

TR in Panama(Construction

begins in 1904)

TR in Panama(Construction

begins in 1904)

Canal ConstructionCanal Construction

One of the greatest One of the greatest engineering feats engineering feats everever

Finished in 1914Finished in 1914 43,400 workers 43,400 workers

employed employed 5,600 died on the job5,600 died on the job Final cost to the U.S. Final cost to the U.S.

was $380 millionwas $380 million

The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: the Monroe Doctrine:

19051905

The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: the Monroe Doctrine:

19051905• Roosevelt Roosevelt Corollary states that Corollary states that disorder in Latin disorder in Latin America will force America will force U.S. to act as an U.S. to act as an international police international police powerpower• U.S. will use U.S. will use military force if military force if necessary to protect necessary to protect its interests in Latin its interests in Latin AmericaAmerica

Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick!Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick!Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick!Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick!“Big Stick Diplomacy”

Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World

Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905

Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905

Nobel Peace Prize for TeddyNobel Peace Prize for TeddyNobel Peace Prize for TeddyNobel Peace Prize for Teddy

Ends What conflict? Ends What conflict?

Russo – Japanese Russo – Japanese War War p. 650p. 650

What was the What was the conflictconflictb/w the two nations? b/w the two nations?

How was the US How was the US involved? involved?

Effect on US Effect on US relations with relations with Japanese?Japanese?

Who “opens up” Japan to the West in 1853?Who “opens up” Japan to the West in 1853?

Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853

Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853

The Japanese View of

Commodore Perry

The Japanese View of

Commodore Perry

Gentleman’s Agreement: Gentleman’s Agreement: 19081908

Gentleman’s Agreement: Gentleman’s Agreement: 19081908A Japanese note agreeing A Japanese note agreeing to deny passports toto deny passports tolaborers entering the U.Slaborers entering the U.S..

Japan recognized the U.S.Japan recognized the U.S.right to exclude Japaneseright to exclude Japaneseimmigrants holding immigrants holding passportspassportsissued by other countries.issued by other countries.

The U.S. government got The U.S. government got thetheschool board of San school board of San Francisco Francisco to rescind their order toto rescind their order tosegregate Asians in segregate Asians in separateseparateschools.schools.

1908 1908 Root-Takahira Root-Takahira AgreementAgreement..

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907

The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907p. 651p. 651

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he and puts Madero in prison where he was was murdered.murdered.

Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta.against Huerta.

The U.S. also got involved by The U.S. also got involved by occupying occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.country.

Eventually Carranza would gain Eventually Carranza would gain power in power in Mexico.Mexico.

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s

The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910sEmiliano

ZapataEmiliano Zapata

Francisco I Madero

Francisco I Madero

Venustiano Carranza

Venustiano Carranza

Porfirio Diaz

Porfirio Diaz

Pancho Villa

Pancho Villa

Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”

The U. S. shouldThe U. S. shouldbe the consciencebe the conscienceof the world.of the world.

Spread Spread democracy.democracy.

Promote peace.Promote peace.

Condemn Condemn colonialism.colonialism.

Searching for Searching for BanditosBanditosSearching for Searching for BanditosBanditos

General John J. Pershing with PanchoVilla in 1914.

U. S. Global Investments &U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, Investments in Latin America,

19141914

U. S. Global Investments &U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, Investments in Latin America,

19141914

U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s

U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s

Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”

Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”