Score a 5on the APUSH Exam

Key ConceptsEvery question on the exam relates to at least one of these concepts.

Identity Economy Migration Politics

Foreign RelationsEnvironmen

t

Culture

Colonization(1 Set of MC Questions)

How did the American Indians live before colonization?

● Southwest: maize● Northwest: hunting and gathering● Great Plains: nomadism● East Coast: H+G and agriculture

Why did the Europeans colonize the New World?

● Resources, such as corn and potatoes● Power● To spread Christianity

What did the Spanish and Portuguese explorations cause?

● Smallpox epidemics● Interracial relations● Caste system including Mestizos and Zambos● Introduction of horses and cows● Encomienda system

Practice MC Question #1Which of the following had NO influence on 17th-century American identity?

A. British transportation of West African slavesB. European desire to spread ChristianityC. Interracial relations between Spanish and IndiansD. Nomadic lifestyle of Pre-Columbian inhabitantsE. The new nation’s support of the French Revolution

Practice MC Question #2How do historians characterize the 17th-century American economy?

A. Cooperation with Indians over limited natural resourcesB. High deflation due to numerous smallpox epidemicsC. High isolation from the European economyD. Plentiful natural resources and exploitation of IndiansE. Reliance on commerce due to limited natural resources

Practice MC Question #3Why did Europeans immigrate to the New World?

I. To compete with other nations for political powerII. To eradicate the aboriginal peoplesIII. To gather additional resources, such as corn and gold

A. I onlyB. II onlyC. I and II onlyD. I and III onlyE. I, II, and III

New World Conflicts(2 Sets of MC Questions)

How did the nations differ in their colonization methods?

● Spain: tight control to exploit population and spread Christianity

● France and Netherlands: trade alliances and interracial marriages to gain resources, such as fur

● English: agricultural settlements withhostilities toward American Indians

The English began to capture West African

slavesdue to a lack of indentured servants and

an inability to enslave the American Indians.

Triangular Trade

How did the colonial regions differ?● New England: Puritanical, mixed economy of

agriculture and commerce● Middle: ethnically and religiously diverse,

grains● Chesapeake and North Carolina: tobacco, use

of indentured servants and slaves● Southern and Caribbean: staple crops like rice

and sugar, heavy use of slave labor

The nations entered conflicts over

landand perpetuated American Indian aggression by providing them with guns and alcohol. The Indian

aggression reinforced Great Britain’s negative stereotypes of them.

Great Britain was losing

controlof the colonies, so it briefly passed the Navigation Acts under a mercantilist

philosophy.

Practice MC Question #4Which of the following is NOT an accurate association?

A. American Indians and widespread exploitationB. Portuguese and trade alliances for furC. Puritans and strict New England settlementsD. Spanish and encomienda systemE. West Africans and lack of indentured servants

Practice MC Question #5What goods in the Triangular Trade were shipped from the Northeast to the Caribbean?

A. Fish, livestock, flour, lumberB. Rum, iron, gunpowder, cloth, toolsC. Slaves, sugar, molassesD. Whale oil, lumber, fursE. None of the above

Practice MC Question #6Choose the piece of evidence that best supports this statement:“The rapid introduction of hundreds of thousands of European settlers, along with the plantsand livestock they brought with them, led to an inevitable alteration of the physical landscapeof the North American continent.”

A. Grain cultivation in the Middle ColoniesB. Manufactured goods from London and BristolC. Rice and sugar cultivation in New EnglandD. Use of slave labor in Chesapeake ColoniesE. All of the above

Practice MC Question #7What British action most profoundly influenced Indian conflicts?

A. Exploitation of West African slavesB. Lack of an exchange like the Spanish encomienda systemC. Puritanical agricultural settlementsD. Suppliance of guns and alcoholE. Trade alliances and interracial marriages

American Revolution(2 Sets of MC Questions)

Great Britain was in debt from the Seven Years War and looked to its colonies for help. A grassroots

independencemovement began that was inspired by theEnlightenment.

The Enlightenment also inspiredthe philosophy of republican motherhood,

enabling

womento live as an integral component of

American society.

Why did the colonists win the Revolutionary War?

● European aid, primarily French but also Spanish and Dutch

● Familiarity with land● Resilient leadership● Ideological commitment

Articles of Confederation

Fear of Centralized Power: placed power in the hands of the legislative branch;

ineffective at controlling economy and foreign relations

Fear of Excessive Popular Influence: maintained property

qualifications for voting and citizenship

Constitution

Fear of Disunion: failed to address slavery

Incapacity to Consider American Indians as Citizens: failed to

address Indian sphere, numerous seizures of their lands

The American Revolution was an

inspirationfor rebellions in France, Haiti, and Latin

America.

What did the Northwest Ordinance do?● Set guidelines for admitting new states● Promoted public education● Protected private property● Restricted slavery in the Northwest Territory

Practice MC Question #8Which of the following accurately summarizes the roots of the American Revolution?

A. Disruption of salutary neglect and an Enlightened consciousB. Disagreements over the institution of slaveryC. Desire for religious and philosophical freedomD. Desire for economic freedom inspired by FranceE. Mix of American Indians, Europeans, and West Africans

Practice MC Question #9Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the American Revolution?

A. Aid from Spain and the NetherlandsB. Involvement of women and minoritiesC. Orchestration by Spanish authoritative structuresD. Passion of the everyday colonistE. Stronger leadership than that of Great Britain

Practice MC Question #10How did the Northwest Ordinance influence the nation and national identity?

A. Addressed slavery for the first time, though brieflyB. Helped to forge an intelligent societyC. Protected rights seen as distinctly AmericanD. Unified the states under common legislationE. All of the above

Practice MC Question #11Which quote would most likely be found in Revolutionary-era literature?

A. “A lie gets halfway around the world”B. “Burning with a deadly heat”C. “But man is a part of nature”D. “Miserable failures of capitalist economies”E. “The folly of hereditary right in kings”

Early America(2 Sets of MC Questions)

What topics led to the inception of political parties?

● Federal power● Relationship between nation and states● Authority of the branches of

government● Rights and responsibilities of

citizens

Parties

What social movements were inspired by the Second Great Awakening?

● Utopian communities● Temperance movement● Abolitionism● First-wave feminism

What were some of the technological innovations?

● Textile machinery● Steam engines● Interchangeable parts● Canals● Railroads● Telegraph● Steel plow● Mechanical reaper

The plethora of technological innovations caused the

workforceto shift from the agricultural sector to factories, particularly women and low-

skilled men.

In the South,

cottonwas grown for an international market,

and and the Northeast and Midwest became closely linked both economically

and culturally.

What were the key components of the American System, a prominent economic policy inspired by Alexander Hamilton?

● Tariff● National bank● Federal subsidies for public works

How did the market revolution alter American society?

● Widened gap between rich and poor● Shaped emerging middle and working classes● Increased separation between home and

workplace

What expectations were set for women?● Be more religious than men● Be pure● Submit to their husbands● Stay at home

The United States was struggling to create a

globalpresence, so it launched several

diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in the Western Hemisphere and

Asia.

What was guaranteed by the Missouri Compromise?

● Missouri was to be admitted as a slave state● Maine was to be admitted as a free state● Except for Missouri, slavery was to be banned

from the Louisiana Purchase lands north of latitude 36°30′ N

Practice MC Question #12Which topic was NOT the subject of fierce debates in early America?

A. Authority of the branches of governmentB. Federal powerC. Relationship between nation and statesD. Repayment of debt to Great BritainE. Rights and responsibilities of citizens

Practice MC Question #13Which of the following is NOT an accurate association?

A. Abraham Lincoln and nullificationB. Andrew Jackson and the DemocratsC. James Monroe and the “Era of Good Feelings”D. Henry Clay and the WhigsE. Stephen Douglas and the Democrats

Practice MC Question #14Which of the following was NOT a change undergone by America between 1750 and 1850?

A. Attempted development of utopian communitiesB. Economic alliance between Northeast and MidwestC. Invention of numerous technological innovationsD. Rise of international market for Western cottonE. Shift in workforce from agriculture to factories

Practice MC Question #15What was one expectation of women in early America?

A. To be pure in both body and mindB. To be the head of the familyC. To join the agricultural sectorD. To leave religious matters to menE. To take up livelihoods in politics

Civil War(2 Sets of MC Questions)

Justified by the belief in Manifest Destiny, where did the United States expand to?

● West● South (California, Utah, Nevada,

Arizona, New Mexico)● East Asia

Sectionalism

North:● Manufacturing economy● High immigration rate

sparking Nativist sentiments● Highly visible campaign

against slavery

South:● Slave-based agriculture

economy● Low immigration rate

● Belief in states’ rights and nullification theory

● Racist stereotypes

Why did the North win the Civil War?● Improved military leadership● More effective strategies● Key victories● Greater resources● Wartime destruction of the South’s

infrastructure

Practice MC Question #16Which topic is the LEAST pertinent to manifest destiny?

A. Expulsion of American IndiansB. Failed development of utopiasC. Mexican-American WarD. Special virtues of American peopleE. Westward expansion

Practice MC Question #17What was true about the North during the Civil War?

A. Belief in states’ rights and nullification theoryB. Discrimination against blacks exceeding that of the SouthC. Discrimination against immigrantsD. Less people than South but more resourcesE. Tremendously huge yet obscure abolitionist movement

Multiple Choice Answers1. E2. D3. D

4. B5. A6. A7. D

Multiple Choice Answers8. A9. C10. E11. E

12. D13. A14. D15. A

16. B17. C

Americaafter the Civil War

Identity

In the Gilded Age, America saw the fall of the countryside and the rise of the cities.

Despite widespread prejudice, class and ethnic diversity increased in cities and the workforce.

Most immigrants hoped to acclimate to American society while maintaining their unique cultures; settlement houses aided in the assimilation process.

Affluent people argued that their wealth was both appropriate and inevitable, but some also understood the importance of social contribution.

Women and blacks became increasingly dissatisfied with their strict social roles.

During World War I and the Cold War, the communist and immigrant identities were attacked.

World War II led many Americans to question what their nation’s values were.

As a result of the liberal conscience of the Civil Rights Movement, activists also began to urge

social equality for women and gays.Furthermore, American Indians, Latinos, and Asian Americans sought equality and redress of past

injustices.

EconomyThe Gilded Age was a result of large-scale

production, technological innovations, expanding international communications networks, and laissez

faire.

Government subsidies for transportation and communication systems opened up new markets in North America.

Monopolies began to exploit the growing labor force.

Businesses were consolidated into trusts and holding companies under the philosophy of Social Darwinism.

The Gilded Age was characterized by an unparalleled economic inequality, an increase in child labor, the emergence of labor unions, and the rise of the Populist party.

The South became increasingly industrialized as the “New South,” but sharecropping and tenant farming continued to dominate the region.

Farmers formed local organizations to resist corporate control.

Progressive reformers, including journalists, the middle-class, and women, sought to mollify the

industrial issues.

Market instability, most notably the Great Depression, led to increased government regulation of the economy.

In the 1920s, radio, motion pictures, and automobiles led to increased standards of living, greater personal mobility, and better communications systems.

After World War II, there was an increase in suburbanization, social mobility, and the

economic influence of the Sun Belt.

After 1980, economic inequality was rampant due to a decrease in American manufacturing,

union membership, and wage inflation.

Practice Essay QuestionsBetween 1880 and 1980, there were unprecedented changes in cultural identity. Examine the shift in identity of TWO of the following groups:

● Women● Blacks● Communists● Immigrants

Contrast the economic policies under the Gilded Agepresidents with those under Franklin Roosevelt.

Explore the role of labor unions in American history.

Migration

During the Gilded Age, immigrants came from Asia, southern Europe, eastern Europe, and Africa.

Migration to the West encouraged the government to violate treaties with American Indians for additional land.

The Red Scare led to strict quotas on immigrants from Asia, southern Europe, and eastern Europe.

However, said quotas didn’t apply to nations in the Western Hemisphere, like Mexico, who the United States depended on for cheap labor.

Some blacks began to travel to the North in an act known as the “Great Migration.”

In 1965, new laws were passed that promoted immigration to America in a time of prosperity.

In the political, economic, and cultural spheres, the South and West became increasingly more

powerful due to an influx of Latin and Asian immigrants.

Politics

Radical liberals, union members, and populists called for a more extensive New Deal, while

Congressional conservatives and Supreme Court justices tried to reduce its scope.

The New Deal led to the widespread affiliation of blacks with the Democratic party.

During the Cold War, Americans debated the value of the nuclear arsenal, the “military-

industrial complex,” and the role of the executive branch in foreign policy.

Each branch of the government was instrumental in national desegregation.

Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society was a highly liberal program that sought to end racial discrimination, eradicate poverty, and attack communism abroad.

In the 1970s, confidence and trust in the government declined as a result of economic hardships, political scandals, foreign policy

failures, and seeming moral decay.

Practice Essay QuestionsExplore the history of how TWO of the following groups immigrated to the United States:

● Asians● Southern and Eastern Europeans● Mexicans

How did the New Deal affect the development of political parties?

Choose the ONE issue that was the most controversial andexplain why it’s the best answer:

● Cold War● Great Society● 1990s Immigration

Foreign Relations

Business leaders looked to resources and markets in the Pacific, Asia, and Latin America.

Manifest destiny resulted from the perception that the western frontier was “closed,” economic

opportunities, competition with European nations, and racial theories.

The aforementioned principle was used to forge an American presence in Latin America, the Caribbean, the Philippines, and Asia.

Although the United States did not provide major military support to World War I, the political ramifications threatened the concept of isolationism.

The Allies won World War II because of political and military cooperation, industrial production, technological advances, and popular commitment to democratic ideals.

After World War II, the United States emerged as the most powerful nation on Earth.

The Reagan administration brought an end to the Cold War, even though Reagan originally advocated for increased arms production.

Environment

The government and corporations disputed the ownership of natural resources, land and water.

The conservationist and preservationist efforts were initiated.

In the West, Whites, Indians, and Mexican Americans entered battles over land.

In the 1960s, activists fought to protect the environment against pollution.

Conflicts in the Middle East birthed debates about the nation’s dependence on fossil fuels.

CultureThe Gilded Age saw numerous cultural conflicts:

● Tradition vs. innovation● Rural vs. urban● Christianity vs. science● Robber barons vs. working class● Natives vs. immigrants● Whites vs. blacks● Idealism vs. disillusionment

Practice Essay QuestionsHow did American involvement in Latin America change over the 20th Century?

Explain the impact of manifest destiny on American history, as wellas its origin.

How did the United States emerge as an internationalsuperpower?

Lana’s DBQ Tips

● Include all or all but one of the documents in your DBQ

● Explain one of the following for each document:o Point of viewo Intended audienceo Purposeo Historical context

● Include specific examples not listed in the documents

● Connect the topic to a larger historical trend

● Complete one of the following:o Introduce a counterexampleo Account for discrepancies between sourceso Connect the topic to a topic in another historical

period

Lana’s FRQ Tips

● Answer the prompt with the aid of specific examples

● Complete one of the following:o Introduce a counterexampleo Explore another category not listed in the prompto Connect the topic to a topic in another historical

period