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INFECTIONS OF THE
URINARY TRACT
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DEFINITION
UTI is an infammatory response o theurothelium to a!terial
in"asion that isusually asso!iate# $ith a!teriuria an#
pyuria% &a!teriuria is the presen!e o a!teria in
the urine' $hi!h is normally ree o a!teria%
(yuria' the presen!e o $hite loo# !ells
)*&Cs+ in the urine' is ,enerally in#i!ati"eo ine!tion an#
an infammatory responseo the urothelium to the a!terium%
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DEFINITION
Ine!tions are oten #e-ne# !lini!allyy their presume# site of
origin%
Cystitis#es!ries a !lini!alsyn#rome o #ysuria' re.uen!y'ur,en!y'
an# o!!asionally suprapui!pain%
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DEFINITION
Acute pyelonephritis is a !lini!al syn#romeo !hills' e"er' an#
fan/ pain that isa!!ompanie# y a!teriuria an# pyuria' a
!omination that is reasonaly spe!i-! or ana!ute a!terial
ine!tion o the /i#ney%
Chronic pyelonephritis #es!ries ashrun/en' s!arre# /i#ney'
#ia,nose# y
morpholo,i!' ra#iolo,i!' or un!tionale"i#en!e o renal #isease
that may epostine!tious ut is re.uently not asso!iate#$ith UTI%
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DEFINITION
Uncomplicated #es!ries an ine!tion in ahealthy patient $ith a
stru!turally an#un!tionally normal urinary tra!t%
A complicated infection is asso!iate# $itha!tors that in!rease
the !han!e o a!.uirin,a!teria an# #e!rease the e0!a!y o therapy%The
urinary tra!t is stru!turally or un!tionally
anormal' the host is !ompromise#' an#1orthe a!teria ha"e
in!rease# "irulen!e orantimi!roial resistan!e%
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DEFINITION
UTIs may also e #e-ne# y their relationshipto other UTIs2
A -rst or isolate# ine!tion is one that
o!!urs in an in#i"i#ual $ho has ne"er ha# aUTI or has one remote
rom a pre"ious UTI%
An unresol"e# ine!tion is one that has notrespon#e# to
antimi!roial therapy%
A re!urrent ine!tion is one that o!!urs ater#o!umente#'
su!!essul resolution o anante!e#ent ine!tion%
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DEFINITION
The term reinfection#es!ries ane$ e"ent asso!iate#
$ithreintro#u!tion o a!teria into the
urinary tra!t rom outsi#e%
Bacterial persistence reers to are!urrent UTI !ause# y the
same
a!teria reemer,in, rom a o!us$ithin the urinary tra!t' su!h as
anine!tious stone or the prostate%
