Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine PERCIK February 2004 MDG's New Target Classical Issue

7/31/2019 Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine PERCIK February 2004 MDG's New Target Classical Issue

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Mlrj{`s8Ljsik|`s Nioismf b`s Yscmo mol

Sysmf Lirif`qgio|& Gjoj{|sz `b [i||figio|

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{moj|m|jò jgqfigio|m|jò {|sm|inz 39

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Sibisioki Gm|isjmf

Bjs{|fz ~i ~j{e |` kònsm|yfm|i z`yb`s |ei qycfjkm|jò `b ^[I[ sifm|il jo'b`sgm|jò giljm/ \ei job`sgm|jò kò'|mjoil jo Qiskjd j{ risz rmfymcfi m{ sibi'sioki gm|isjmf |` Gj|sm [mgzm/

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Gj|sm {mgzm em{ m f`| `b iuqisjiokijo kòlyk|jon qms|jkjqm|`sz {|ylji{{joki ^[FJK'=& ^[FJK'3 mol qsi{io|fz

~i msi {yqq`s|jon Qs`Mjs jo |ei mqqfjkm'|jò `b GQMQEM[\ Gi|e`l`f`nz/ M{|jgi nì{ cz& ~i msi qsiqmsjon ms|jkfib`s z`ys qycfjkm|jò/ \emod z`y/

J Oz`gmo @dm

Ljsik|`s& Gj|sm [mgzm

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lmo Lig`dsm{j

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[`yski8 Gjoj{|sz `b Eimf|e



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\mdjon |ei likfmsm|jò m{ q`jo| `b li'qms|ysi |ei YOLQ %Yoj|il Om|jò{ Liri'f`qgio| Qs`nsmggi* jo k`ffmc`sm|jò

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êz GLN{ msi Jgq`s|mo|0J| j{ yolis{|``l |em| gmoz `b |ei

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j{ {jnojbjkmo|fz jobfyio|jmf |` |ei mkejiri'gio| `b `|eis |msni|{/

MJ O BIM\ Y S I

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; QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

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31=9/

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g`|eis{ m| lifjrisz/

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mol `|eis lj{im{i{

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mol |eis lj{im{i{/

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~`gioSilyki kejfl g`s|mfj|z

Jgqs`ri gm|isomf eimf|eK`gcm| EJRMJL[& gmfmsjm& mol `|eislj{im{i{Io{ysi iorjsògio| {y{|mjomcjfj|z Lirif`q m nf`cmf qms|ois{ejq b`s liri'f`qgio|/



\ei Qsiqmsiloi{{ `b @|eis K`yo'|sji{

M{ |jgi nì{ cz& j| j{ yolis{|``l |em|o`| irisz om|jò ~jff ci mcfi |` mkejiri|ei |msni| m{ {i| b`s|e ~j|e`y| moz {|sm|i'njk {|iq cijon qsiqmsil/ J| j{ i{|jgm|il|em| mqqsùjgm|ifz emfb `b |ei om|jò{

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Cm{il ò m s`yne i{|jgm|i& jb |ei |ms'ni| b`s lsjodjon ~m|is j{ |` ci mkejiril|eisi gy{| ci mo mllj|jòmf mkki{{ |` m|

fim{| 391 |e`y{mol qi`qfi qis lmz bs`go`~ ò |es`yne zims 31=9/ \ei mkejiri'gio| b cm{jk {moj|m|jò j{ irio g`si ljb'bjkyf| kò{jlisjon |ei joksim{jon yscmoj'xm|jò sm|i& ~ejke gimo{ |eisi ~jff ci mojoksim{il fmol {kmskj|z jo |`~o{ molkj|ji{/ J| j{ i{|jgm|il |em| mllj|jòmf mk'ki{{ |` {moj|m|jò gy{| simke m| fim{| ;11|e`y{mol qi`qfi qis lmz/

Yq |` o`~ %311;* |eisi msi 3: om|j'ò{ sik`slil |` emri qs`lykil GLN{k`yo|sz siq`s|/ [`y|e Im{| M{jm j{ siqsi'{io|il cz Kmgc`ljm& Rji|omg& mol |eiQejfjqqjoi{/ Jolòi{jm j{ {|jff qsiqmsjon

|ei siq`s|/Cm{il ò |ei `bbjkjmf siq`s| mol si'{yf|{ `b gòj|`sjon& |ei YO [iksi|msz Nioismf qsiqmsi{ ej{ mooymf siq`s|/ Jo311; mooymf siq`s| |eisi msi {irismfjgq`s|mo| bjoljon{& %j* m||io|jò |` mkeji'

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jno f`mo{ jo `slis |` njri g`si `qq`s|y'oj|z b`s |ei lirif`qjon om|jò{ |` silykiq`ris|z/

E`~ Mc`y| Jolòi{jm0 Mf|e`yne o`| m{ q``s m{ j| j{ jo {`gi

Mbsjkmo k`yo|sji{ |ei {|m|y{ `b ^[I[kòlj|jò jo Jolòi{jm kmoo`| ci kfm{{j'bjil m{ {m|j{bmk|`sz/ Cm{il ò |ei mrmjf'mcfi lm|m %{ii |mcfi* |em| {e`~ m ~jli

rmsjm|jò c`|e jo |isg{ `b {|syk|ysi mollibjoj|jò& |ei {|m|y{ b [I[ jo Jolòi'{jm rmsji{ ~jlifz/

M{ mo jffy{|sm|jò& jb ~i msi y{jon |ei

lm|m bs`g Om|jòmf Mk|jò Qfmo b`sLsjodjon ^m|is {ik|`s qycfj{eil cz

Gjoj{|sz `b [i||figio| mol Sinjòmf Jo'bsm{|syk|ysi lsjodjon ~m|is {isrjki k`ri'smni jo zims 3111 kmo ci km|in`sjxil m{%j* qjqil {z{|ig& jo yscmo msim{ ;:) moljo |ei sysmf msim{ òfz 5)4 %jj* qs`|ik|iloò qjqil {z{|ig& jo yscmo msim{ 9=)mol jo sysmf msim{ 9>)/ \`|mf k`rismni `b qjqil {z{|ig b`s yscmo mol sysmf 31) joqjqil {z{|ig& mol 9;) jo qs`|ik|il oòqjqil {z{|ig/

Cm{il ò |ei kmfkyfm|jò bs`g |eimc`ri mk|jò qfmo& jo zims 31=9 |eik`rismni |msni| `b qjqil yscmo lsjodjon

~m|is {isrjki j{ >1)& ~ejfi qs`|ik|il oò

qjqil {z{|ig j{ 39)/ \ei k`rismni b`ssysmf msim{ j{ 9<) jo qjqil {z{|ig mol|em| b`s qs`|ik|il oò qjqil {z{|ig 3:)/

Cm{il o Om|jòmf Mk|jò Qfmo b`s [m'oj|m|jò |ei kòlj|jò jo Jolòi{jm jo3111 kmo ci kfm{{jbjil m{ |ei b`ff`~jon8

m/ Mkki{{ `b q`qyfm|jò |` ~m{|i~m|is|sim|gio| {z{|ig j{ mqqsùjgm|ifz 91&;9)& kò{j{|jon `b8 %j* mkki{{ |` |sim|'gio| {z{|ig b`s ~m{|i~m|is `sjnjom|jonbs`g |`jfi| %qj| fm|sjoi& qj| |zqi ~j|e {iq'|jk |mod mol jobjf|sm|jò& k`ggyomf ~m{'|i~m|is jo{|mffm|jò mol {gmff c`sil {i'

~is* j{ i{|jgm|il m| ;1&2>)& %jj* mkki{{ |`

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c/ Mkki{{ |` ~m{|i~m|is sikzkfjon {z{'|ig {yke m{ cj`nm{& jssjnm|jò {z{|ig&

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\mdjon |ei likfmsm|jò m{ q`jo| `b li'qms|ysi |ei YOLQ %Yoj|il Om|jò{ Li'

rif`qgio| Qs`nsmggi* jo k`ffmc`sm|jò ~j|e `|eis YO liqms|gio|{& |ei ^`sflCmod& JGB& mol @IKL %@snmojxm|jò b`sIkò`gjk K``qism|jò mol Lirif`q'gio|* |``d mo joj|jm|jri |` lirif`qi n`mf{&|msni|{ mol gim{ysmcfi joljkm|`s{ |`gim{ysi |ei qs`nsi{{/ Mff `b ~ejke j{ fm'|is do`~o m{ Gjffioojyg Lirif`qgio|N`mf{ kò{j{|jon `b 5 n`mf{& =5 |msni|{&

mol `ris <1 joljkm|`s{/ \eio jo Hèmo'oi{cysn [yggj| jo 3113 |ei ~`sfl fiml'is{ iuqsi{{il |eijs mnsiigio| |` |ei n`mf{mol gmjo |msni|{ `b GLN{/ \ei n`mf{ |`

ci mkejiril ~j|ejo |ei =::1'31=9 |jgi{qmo msi8

Ismljkm|i iu|sigi q`ris|z moleyonis

Mkejiri yojris{mf qsjgmsz ilykm|jò

Qs`g`|i niolis i}yj|z moligq`~is ~`gio

Silyki kejfl g`s|mfj|z Jgqs`ri gm|isomf eimf|e

K`gcm| EJRMJL[& gmfmsjm&mol `|eis lj{im{i{

Io{ysi iorjsògio|{y{|mjomcjfj|z

Lirif`q m nf`cmf qms|ois{ejqb`s lirif`qgio|/

3/ êm| j{ `ys %~`sfl* {|m|y{ jo|isg{ b |ei kòlj|jò b`s mkejirjonGLN{ jo 31=90

Jo nioismf |ei |msni| kmo òfz cimkejiril |es`yne {isj`y{ k`ggj|gio|mol emsl ~`sd/ [jgqfi kmfkyfm|jò cm{il

ò q`ris|z |siol lysjon |ei likmli =::1joljkm|i{ |em| ~i ~`yfl ci mcfi |` silykiq`ris|z sm|i cz 31=9 jo k`gqfjmoki ~j|e|ei |msni|/ Cy| jo simfj|z jo imke joljrj'lymf om|jò& gmoz msi {|jff jo |ei {|mni `b joksim{jon q`ris|z sm|i/ \ei |`|mf q``sq`qyfm|jò jo [yc [memsm& [`y|e M{jm molFm|jo Mgisjkm em{ joksim{il cz =1 gjffjò{joki =::1/ Gmoz k`yo|sji{ iuqisjioki m|~`b`fl liksim{i jo k`ggyoj|z ~ifbmsilysjon |ei fm{| |~` likmli{/

\eisi msi kyssio|fz =&3 cjffjò qi`qfifjri ~j|e fi{{ |emo ,= jok`gi qis lmz/ O`gimojonbyf jgqs`rigio| bs`g |ei fm{|likmli/ \ei qs`nsi{{ jo `|eis |msni|{

rmsji{ ~jlifz/ Jo =::1& m |msni| jo ilykm'|jò b`s mff ~m{ {i| b`s|e |` ci simkeil cz 3111/ Bmr`smcfi si{yf| j{ `c|mjoil bs`gsilyk|jò cz emfb niolis joi}yj|z jo ily'km|jò& cy| yob`s|yom|ifz |ei `rismff |ms'

ni| mkejirigio| j{ gisifz òi |io|e/ M{ mkò{i}yioki& |ei |msni| j{ g`ril cmkd |`31=9/ Mf|e`yne {`gi qs`nsi{{ gmz ci

mkejiril zi| |eisi j{ m fjdifjoi{{ |ei |msni| ~jff o`| ci simkeil& iukiq| ~eio |eisi j{m b`ysb`fl mkkifism|jò/

Jo =::1 |ei qs`nsi{{ jo silykjon |eism|i b jobmo| g`s|mfj|z& g`|eis{. lim|e m|kejflcjs|e& gmfoy|sj|jò& mol mkki{{ |`

~m|is {yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò j{ sifm|jrifz f`~is |emo j| ~m{ jo |ei imsfjis likmli/\ei igisnioki `b iqjligjk MJL[& gmfm'sjm mol bmjfysi `b n`risogio| |` qs`rjli|ei oiki{{msz eimf|e {isrjki{ emri ciiom||sjcy|mcfi |` |ei yobmr`smcfi kòlj|jòjo |ei likmli =::1/

;/ êi|eis |ei n`mf{ jo GLN{ kmo ci mkejiril0

Zi{& jo |isg{ `b bjomokjmf m{ ~iff m{|ikeojkmf/ E`~iris& {`gi om|jò{ gmz oiil m{{j{|moki jo |ikeojkmf& q`fjkz mlhy{|gio|& mol jo{|j|y|jòmf igq`~is'

gio|/ J| j{ m gjsmkfi jb m q``s om|jò kmomkejiri |ei |msni|{ ~j|e`y| jo|isom|jòmfm{{j{|moki/

</ Msi |ei n`mf{ `b GLN{ cm{il òikò`gjk kò{jlism|jò0

\ei sm|i b si|yso b eygmo si{`yski{jori{|gio| jo |ei lirif`qjon om|jò{ j{

risz ejne/ Gmoz `b |ei om|jò{ msi io'|monfil jo q`ris|z gi{e cikmy{i `b q``seimf|e kòlj|jò& jo{ybbjkjio| oy|sj|jò&f`~ ilykm|jò& fjgj|il mkki{{ |` ~m|is{yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò& mol irio ejne q`'qyfm|jò ns`~|e/ Jo mllj|jò& ni`nsm'

qejkmf kòlj|jò mf{` jobfyioki{ q`ris|z&{yke m{ sig`|ioi{{ `b sinjò& kemoni{ jokfjgm|jk kòlj|jò& iorjsògio|mf linsm'lm|jò& |s`qjkmf lj{im{i{/ \ej{ kòlj|jòsiqsi{io| |ei f`njkmf iuqfmom|jò b`s

cijon fi{{ bmr`smcfi |` jori{|gio|/Eygmo si{`yski{ jori{|gio| kmo

{qiil yq GLN{ mkejirigio| mol mf{`jgqs`ri ikò`gjk ns`~|e& ksim|jò `b igqf`zgio| `qq`s|yoj|z& jgqs`ril qs`'lyk|jrj|z& mol joksim{il sirioyi |em|irio|ymffz fiml |` gmks` ikò`gjk {|m'

cjfj|z/

MJ O BIM\ Y S I

Jgq`s|mo| ]yi{|jò{ jo

Sifm|jò |` GjffioojygLirif`qgio| N`mf{

G


Eygmo si{`yski{

jori{|gio| kmo {qiil

yq GLN{ mkejirigio|

mol mf{` jgqs`ri ik`'

o`gjk ns`~|e& ksim|jò

`b igqf`zgio|

`qq`s|yoj|z& jgqs`ril

qs`lyk|jrj|z& mol

joksim{il sirioyi |em|

irio|ymffz fiml |`

gmks` ikò`gjk

{|mcjfj|z/



9/ Kmo |ei bjomokjon nmq ci `ris'k`gi0

Cm{il ò i{|jgm|i gmli cz YOJKIB& ^`sfl Cmod mol Ê@ |` mkejiri |eiGLN{ |msni|{ j| ~jff oiil m cylni| `b mqqsùjgm|ifz ,91 cjffjò m zims/ \ej{ si'qsi{io|{ mllj|jòmf byol ò |`q `b |ei

kyssio|fz cijon {i| m{jli/ \ej{ gimo{ l`'ycfi |ei qsi{io| si}yjsigio|/

\e`yne jo |isg{ `b mg`yo| |ej{ f``d{ cjn cy| òfz siqsi{io| òi bjb|e qis kio| b |ei jok`gi `b |ei lirif`qjon om|jò{/

2/ êm| j{ gimo| cz GLN{ siq`s|0YOLQ j{ {yqq`s|jon |ei qsiqmsm|jò

`b qs`nsi{{ siq`s| jo GLN{ mkejirigio|`b imke k`yo|sz/ \ei m{{ygq|jò j{ |em|imke k`yo|sz siq`s| ~jff eifq jo {qiiljonyq |msni| mkejirigio|& m{ ~iff m{ lj{{igj'om|jò `b GLN{ bs`g jo|isom|jòmf |òm|jòmf firif/

\ei qysq`{i b GLN{ siq`s| j{ |` eifqjoksim{i qycfjk m||io|jò& {|jgyfm|i lj{'ky{{jò sifm|il |` kemffioni{ jo lirif`q'gio|& sioi~mf `b q`fj|jkmf k`ggj|gio|&mol eifq |ei lirif`qjon om|jò{ mollò`s k`yo|sji{ ksim|i m li|mjfil mol ci|'|is cylni| bsmgi~`sd cm{il ò |ei qsjo'kjqfi `b gy|ymf kòbjlioki/

\ei siq`s| j{ |msni|il |` gm{{ giljmmol |ei nioismf qycfjk/ GLN{ siq`s|{e`yfl ci kòkj{i& im{jfz yolis{|molmcfi{` |em| |ei gi{{mni k`yfl im{jfz cimc{`scil/ J| {e`yfl b`ff`~ |ei b`sgm| `b

|ei iuj{|jon siq`s|{ {yke m{ K`ggòK`yo|sz M{{i{{gio|{& Q`ris|z Silyk|jò[|sm|inz Qmqis{& `s Om|jòmf EygmoLirif`qgio| Siq`s|{& jo `slis |` gjoj'gjxi cyslio |` imke `b |ei om|jò{/

Yq |` o`~ %311;* |eisi msi 3: k`yo'|ji{ mfsimlz k`gqfi|il GLN{ siq`s|/Bjri`|eis{& jokfyljon Jolòi{jm msi {|jffqsiqmsjon j|/ J| ~m{ qfmooil |em| jo 311<mff k`yo|sji{ emri k`gqfi|il imke b |eijssiq`s|{

>/ êz m nf`cmf kmgqmjno j{ oiil'il0

Nf`cmf kmgqmjno j{ oiilil |` csjlniyq |ei |msni|{ |` ci mkejiril ~j|e |eik`gqfjkm|jò `b qs`cfig{ m| |ei simf

~`sfl firif/ \ei kmgqmjno j{ iuqik|il |`jgqs`ri mol |eio gmjo|mjo ~`sfl m||io'

|jò mol mk|jò b`ky{il |` GLN{ |msni|{/B`s lirif`qil om|jò{& |ei kmgqmjno

j{ b`ky{il ò m{{j{|moki mol silyk|jò `b f`mo siqmzgio| cm{il ò |ei mk|ymf siri'oyi& m{{ysmoki |em| m{{j{|moki j{ mff`km|il|` si{qik|jri {ik|`s jo GLN{& mol ksi'm|jò `b gmsdi| b`s |ei qs`lyk|{ bs`glirif`qjon om|jò{& i{qikjmffz |ei q``sk`yo|sji{/

B`s lirif`qjon k`yo|sji{& |ei kmg'qmjno j{ b`ky{il ò l`gi{|jk si{`yski{g`cjfjxm|jò& {|sion|eiojon eygmosjne|{& lig`ksmkz mol n``l n`risomokijo mkk`slmoki ~j|e |ei Gjffioojyg

Likfmsm|jò/ Imke `b |ei{i `chik|jri{ msimlhy{|il ~j|e `chik|jri kòlj|jò jo imkeom|jò mol |msni| ns`yq/ \ei b`sgm| `b kmgqmjno j{ mf{` mlhy{|il ~j|e |ei f`kmfkòlj|jò/

M {y{|mjoil kmgqmjno qs`nsmg kmoeifq |` gmdi GLN{ m{ m qsj`sj|z& mol ksi'm|jò `b m simfj{|jk qfmoojon/ M kmgqmjno|em| jor`fri{ q`fj|jkmf licm|i& qycfjk q`fj'kz licm|i& mkmligjk licm|i& y{jon bmk|{mol li|mjfil bjnysi{ mc`y| GLN{ ~jff{qiil yq m||io|jò |`~msl GLN{/

MJ O BIM\ Y S IG

: QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

Qms|jkjqmo|{ `b ^`sd{e`q ò GLN Mkejirigio| |es`yne Mk|jò Qfmo{ b`s ^[I[ {ik|`s jo Hmdms|m =>'=: Bicsymsz 311</

B`s lirif`qjon

k`yo|sji{& |ei

kmgqmjno j{ b`ky{il ò

l`gi{|jk si{`yski{g`cjfjxm|jò& {|sion'

|eiojon eygmo sjne|{&

lig`ksmkz mol n``l

n`risomoki jo mkk`s'

lmoki ~j|e |ei

Gjffioojyg

Likfmsm|jò/



MJ O BIM\ Y S IG

=1 QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

Si{yf| `b [|ylji{ mol Igqjsjkmf @c{isrm|jò{ sifm|il |` GLN{ |msni|{ b`s ^[I[ lirif`qgio|

Si{imske joj|jm|il cz |ei ^`sfl Cmod jo <; k`yo|sji{ sirimf{ |em| %j* mkki{{ |` qjqil ~m|is {yqqfz{isrjki j{ gmjo diz |` |ei silyk|jò jobmo| g`s|mfj|z sm|i/ \ej{ iuqfmjo{ ~ez |eisi j{ mqqsùjgm|ifz39) jobmo| g`s|mfj|z& mol ;>) kejflsio g`s|mfj|z sm|i ljbbisioki ci|~iio |ei sjke mol |ei q` s om|jò{4 %jj* fmkd `b mkkiq|mcfi {moj|m|jò {z{|ig mol jgqs`qis qj| ~iff kòlj|jò8 kò|sjcy|i =1)mol 31) ljbbisioki jo gmfoy|sj|jò ci|~iio |ei sjke mol |ei q``s om|jò{

N`mf = Ismljkm|i iu|sigi q`ris|z mol eyonis Jobsm{|syk|ysi mol e`y{jon jobfyioki q`ris|z |es`yne %j* ikò`gjk ns`~|e4 %jj* silyki ~imdoi{{lyi |` eimf|e kòlj|jò4 %jjj* joksim{i bmgjfz jok`gi

N`mf 3 Nymsmo|ii ilykm|jò b`s mff^m|is mol {moj|m|jò jobfyioki {ke``f m||iolmoki mol gmsd jo iumgjom|jò

Fmkd `b ~m|is silyki{ m||iolmoki |` kfm{{ cz 3'=>) jo Mbsjkm Jgqs`rigio| jo `~ois{ejq `b qj| ~iff{ mol qycfjk |mq{ joksim{i oygcis `b {ke``fkejflsio

cz 31) jo sysmf msim{ `b Joljm ^m|is mol {moj|m|jò joksim{i{ m||iolmoki cz =9) jo Cmonfmli{e Ci||is ~m|is {yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò j{ sifm|il |` silyk|jò jo sm|i `b mc{ioki jo \moxmojm

mol Ojnisjm/Jolòi{jm siqsi{io|{ m k`yo|sz jo [I M{jm ~j|e |ei f`~i{| oygcis `b kejflsio ios`ffil |` {ke``f%YOI[K@ Ilykm|jò [|m|j{|jk{& 311;*

N`mf ; Qs`g`|i niolis i}yj|zJobsm{|syk|ysi fjdi ~m|is {yqqfz& {moj|m|jò& e`y{jon& ifik|sjkj|z cm{il ò GLN{ {|sm|inzsiqsi{io|{ òi `b |esii jo|isrio|jò |``f{ jo jgqs`rjon niolis i}yj|z mol igq`~isgio| `b ~`gio

Mkki{{ |` ~m|is {yqqfz mol cm{jk {moj|m|jò ~jff {|sion|eio |ei s`fi `b ~`gio |es`yne m ci||is kò|s`f ò |eijs `~o fjbi %|jgi mol ioisnz& qsjrmkz mol qsjli& igqf`zgio| `qq`s|yoj|z*

Mkki{{ |` ~m|is {yqqfz {z{|ig mol iorjsògio|mf {moj|m|jò jo {ke``f{ jgqs`ri{ njsf m||iolmoki

lysjon qycis|z↓ silyki{ niolis joi}yj|z jo {ikòlmsz {ke``f{

Mkki{{ |` ~m|is {yqqfz mol cm{jk {moj|m|jò ~jff {|sion|eio |ei s`fi `b ~`gio |es`yne m ci||is

kò|s`f ò |eijs `~o fjbi %|jgi mol ioisnz& qsjrmkz mol qsjli& igqf`zgio| `qq`s|yoj|z*

Mkki{{ |` ~m|is {yqqfz {z{|ig mol iorjsògio|mf {moj|m|jò jo {ke``f{ jgqs`ri{ njsf m||iolmoki

lysjon qycis|z silyki{ niolis joi}yj|z jo {ikòlmsz {ke``f{

N`mf{ < mol 9 Jgqs`ri gm|isomf mol kejflsio eimf|e^m|is mol {moj|m|jò silyki{ jobmo| mol kejflsio g`s|mfj|z sm|i Mkki{{ |` kfimo ~m|is silyki{ kejflsio g`s|mfj|z sm|i cz 99) %<3 {|ylji{*^`gio jo |ei sysmf Mbsjkm mol M{jm ~mfd 2 dg m lmz kmsszjon 31 dn `b ~m|is ò |eijs eiml{/Qsinomo| ~`gio l`jon |ej{ gmz njri cjs|e |` cmcz ~j|e fi{{ |emo o`sgmf ~ijne|& mol sj{dk`gqfjkm|jò lysjon lifjrisz

{ke``f kejflsio



MJ O BIM\ Y S I

I s o m ^ j | ` i f m s%YO [qikjmf Mgcm{{ml`s b`s GLN{ jo M{jm mol |ei Qmkjbjk*

G

== QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

Jo |ei `qiojon `b GLN{ mkejiri'gio| ~`sd{e`q ò |es`yne

^[I[ Mk|jò Qfmo{ jo Jolòi{jmeifl ò => Bicsymsz 311< Isom

^j|ìfms |mdi{ |ei qq`s|yoj|z |ìuqfmjo mc`y| Gjffioojyg Lirif`qgio|N`mf{ b`ky{jon ò Lsjodjon ^m|is mol[moj|m|jò jo Jolòi{jm/

Ikò`gjk ksj{j{ jo Jolòi{jm em{kmy{il m {f`~l`~o jo |ei mkejirigio| `b k`ggyoj|z mkki{{ |` ~m|is {yqqfz mol{moj|m|jò {isrjki/ E`~iris& j| j{ i{|j'gm|il |em| Jolòi{jm ~jff mkejiri g`{| b |ei GLN{ jo zims 31=9& |e`yne q`ris|z

iokf`{ysi{ ~jff {|jff ci b`yol jo {`giqs`rjoki{/ ]y`|jon |ei lm|m bs`g[y{iom{ %Om|jòmf kio{y{* 3113& |eie`y{ie`fl{ ~j|e mkkiq|mcfi ~m|is {yqqfz {z{|ig ~j|e mo mkki{{ firif simkejon 51)msi ofz jo Hmdms|m& Cmfj& Z`nzmdms|m& Im{|Hmrm& Cmo|io& O`s|e [yfm~i{j& Kio|smfHmrm& î{| Hmrm/ @|eis sinjò{ fjdiKio|smf Dmfjgmo|mo& O`s|e Gmfydy molQmqym msi {|moljon cif`~ 91)/ Mkki{{ |`{moj|m|jò joljkm|i{ mo irio ~`s{i {j|ym'|jò/ @ofz Hmdms|m& Z`nzmdms|m molFmgqyon simke 51) mkki{{/

^m|is {yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò j{ kf`{ifz

fjodil |` `|eis GLN{ n`mf{& omgifz q`ris|z %n`mf =*& ilykm|jò %n`mf 3*& nio'lis %n`mf ;* kejflsio g`s|mfj|z %n`mf <*&g`|eis{ g`s|mfj|z %n`mf 9* mol ismljkm'|jò `b lj{im{i{/ \ei b`ff`~jon bmk|{ gmz {ybbjki |` iuqfmjo |ei fjodmni/ [ybbjkjio|

~m|is gmz cik`gi òi ~mz jo q`ris|z silyk|jò& |es`yne silykjon |ei |jgioiilil |` |mdi ~m|is& mol silykjon bmgj'fz iuqiolj|ysi b`s cyzjon ~m|is/ ^m|isjo{ybbjkjiokz mol fmkd `b {moj|m|jò {is'

rjki lj{k`ysmni }ymfjbjil |imkeis{ |` ~`sd jo rjffmni{/ M fòn }yiyi g`{|fz `b ~`gio mol kejflsio |` ni| ~m|is lj{gj{{

|ei `qq`s|yoj|z b`s njsf{ |` m||iol |eijskfm{{/ G`si |emo ; gjffjò g`{|fz jobmo|mol kejflsio cif`~ |ei mni `b 9 lji imke

zims cikmy{i `b ~m|is c`soi lj{im{i fjdiljmsseim/

^m|is mol {moj|m|jò cik`gi |ei joj'|jmf q`jo| |` nmjo mkkifism|jò b`s mkejir'jon |ei `|eis GLN{ n`mf{/ Nf`cmf qms|'ois{ejq gmz ioemoki |ej{ mkejirigio|qs`ki{{ |es`yne |ei qsjokjqfi `b n``ln`risomoki jo ~m|is mol {moj|m|jò {z{'|ig lirif`qgio|/ Isom ^j|ìfms iu'qsi{{il m oygcis `b q`fjkz jgqfjkm|jò{

jo mkejirjon GLN{ |msni|{/ Bjs{|& j|gjne| ci oiki{{msz |` fjod ~m|is mol{moj|m|jò |msni| ~j|e `|eis j{{yi{ `b |eiGjffioojyg Likfmsm|jò& i/n/ eygmosjne|{& n``l n`risomoki& mol qimki mol{ikysj|z/ [ikòl& Om|jòmf q`fjkz molsinyfm|`sz bsmgi~`sd b`s mo jo|insm|il

~m|is si{`yski{ gmomnigio| j{ liigilsi}yjsil jo `slis |` ioemoki lsjodjon

~m|is {isrjki gikemoj{g |es`yne qms|j'kjqm|`sz mqqs`mkei{ jo mff qem{i{ `b |eilirif`qgio|& ioemoki |ei firif `b {is'

rjki& mol b`ky{i{ ci qfmkil ò |ei k`g'gyoj|z cm{il bmkjfj|z/ \ejsl& m||io|jò{e`yfl ci b`ky{il m| jgqs`rigio| `b

mkki{{ |` cioibj|/ Lsjodjon ~m|is j{ |eisjne| b`s iriszòi& j| j{ o`| m k`gg`lj|z b`s |smljon/ B`ys|e& j| j{ oiki{{msz |`joksim{i byoljon b`s ~m|is {yqqfz mol{moj|m|jò {z{|ig bs`g rmsj`y{ {`yski{/Bjb|e& ~`gio msi ejnefz mbbik|il ~j|e

~m|is jo{ybbjkjiokz/ \eisib`si& |eiz {e`yfl ci |ei òi{ |` qfmz |ei fimljons`fi/ [ju|e& {y{|mjomcfi ~m|is mol {moj|m'|jò b`s yscmo q``s {e`yfl ci jo|insm|il

~j|e jgqs`rigio| qs`nsmg b`s kj|z {fyg{& jokfyljon nymsmo|ii b`s ~ois{ejq

|` {fyg joemcj|mo|{/ \ei f`kmf n`riso'gio| {e`yfl ~mni m ~ms |` #f`kmf gmbjm/#[irio|e& jgqfigio|m|jò b ~m|is {yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò qs`hik| j{ kòlyk|il m| |eidmcyqm|iod`|m firif& ~ejfi |ei gòj|`s'jon mol |ikeojkmf m{{j{|moki cz |eiqs`rjokjmf firif n`risogio|/

Isom ^j|ìfms ~smqqil yq eis qsi{'io|m|jò cz {mzjon |em| ~i gy{| mkejiri|ei GLN{ n`mf{/ î emri o` iuky{i/ îqs`q`{il |ei |msni|{ `ys{ifri{ mb|is kò'{jlisjon |` ~em| ~i emri jo emol{/ @ysom|jò em{ |ei si{`yski{& |ikeo`f`nz& moldo`~filni |em| msi oiilil |` qs`rjli

~m|is {yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò {isrjki b`siriszòi/ \ei qs`cfig{ fji{ ~j|e e`~ ~m|is kmo ci y{il ~j{ifz& jgqs`ri ~m|is{yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò {isrjki mol jo'

r`frigio| `b |ei {|mdie`flis{/

[`yski8 Qsi{io|m|j o gmli cz Isom

^j|ìfms jo |ei @qiojon Kisigòz `b

^`sd{e`q ò Gjffioojyg Lirif`qgio| N`mf{

Mkejirigio| \es`yne Mk|jò Qfmo{ b`s

Lsjodjon ^m|is mol [moj|m|jò [ik|`s

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^ em| j{ eimf|e {ik|`s l`jon | {yq'q`s| mkejirigio| `b |msni| =10

J| {iig{ |em| GLN{ emri ciio

mc{`scil cz Jolòi{jmo n`risogio|/O`~ msi cijon |smo{fm|il jo|` mk|jò

qfmo{/ Jo ~m|is {yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò{ik|`s ~i mk|ymffz emri {|ms|il j| jo =:51':1 jo si{qò{i |` |ei ~m|is mol {moj|m'

|jò likmli/ M| |em| |jgi |ei n`risogio|qsiqmsil mo iu|io{jri qfmo |es`yne

Joqsi{ [mgjhmnm %lsjodjon ~m|is mole`y{ie`fl |`jfi|*/ Lysjon |ei =1'zims qi'sj`l |ei bmkjfj|ji{ kò{|syk|il msi {|mo'

lmsljxil/ Cy| cikmy{i k`ggyoj|z jor`f' rigio| ~m{ }yj|i gjojgyg |ei bmkjfj|ji{msi o`| gmjo|mjoil/ Mb|is =::>& |ei |msni|

kemonil/ Mb|is 3111 m{ m kò{i}yioki |`likio|smfjxm|jò |ei fimljon s`fi j{ njrio|` |ei sinjòmf n`risogio|{/ Cy| |ei fi'

rif `b jo|isi{| rmsz bs`g sinjò |` sinjò/[`gi msi ejnefz jo|isi{|il ~ejfi `|eis{

msi mfg`{| io|jsifz jno`smo|/ Mb|is |ei{jnojon `b GLN{& qms|jkyfmsfz b`s lsjod'jon ~m|is mol {moj|m|jò& ~i sifz g`si |`

Cmqqiom{ |` k``sljom|i |ei qfmoojonm{qik|/

êm| mk|jò qfmo{ msi qs`q`{il0\ej{ j{ e`~ j| f``d{/ ^m|is mol {moj'

|m|jò j{ o`| {`fifz m eimf|e sifm|il j{{yi/J| j{ risz ljbbjkyf| |` ~`sd `y| mo joliqio'lio| mk|jò qfmo cikmy{i |ej{ j{ |ei si{'

qò{jcjfj|z `b |ei n`risogio| m{ m ~e`fi/ Mff |ei sifm|il mniokji{ gy{| {j| |`ni|eismol qsiqmsi |ei qfmo/ êm| j{ g`{| jg'

q`s|mo| j{ iuiky|jri mol finj{fm|jri k`g'gj|gio|/ Jb |eisi j{ m q`fj|jkmf ~jff bs`g

|ei iuiky|jri bs`g |ei kio|smf |` |eisinjòmf firif& mol |ei finj{fm|jri bs`g |eikio|smf |` |ei sinjòmf firif& |ei qsjrm|i

{ik|`s mol |ei k`ggyoj|z kmo ci qis'{ymlil |` g ri/ Q`fj|jkmf ~jff kmoo`| ciyqeifl cz oi mniokz mfòi cy| m{ m k`g'

cjoil mk|jò cz mff {ik|`s{/ \ei g`{| jg'q`s|mo| j{ |em| |ei mk|jò qfmo gy{|

cif on | mol si{qik|il cz irisz oi/ \eioiu| ~`yfl ci& e`~ |ei mk|jò qfmo k`yfl cilj{{igjom|il |` |ei sinjò{ mol |eio |` |ei

qsjrm|i {ik|`s jo `slis |` ksim|i m bmr`s'mcfi m|g`{qeisi b`s jori{|gio|/

êm| j{ |ei fjodmni ci|~iio GLN{qs`nsmg ~j|e |ei iuj{|jon qs`hik|{0

î emri ciio mqq`jo|il m{ |ei iui'

ky|jon mniokz b`s k`ggyoj|z'cm{il qs`' hik|{/ î jgqfigio| |ei qs`hik|{ jo k`f'fmc`sm|jò ~j|e |ei sinjòmf n`riso'

gio|{/ \ej{ siqsi{io|{ |ei mqqfjkm|jò b |ei q`fjkz b`sgyfm|il cz ^M[Q@FM

%^m|is [yqqfz " [moj|m|jò Q`fjkz B`s'gyfm|jò " Mk|jò Qfmoojon*/ J| {iig{

|em| |ei q`fjkz j{ jo mnsiigio| ~j|e |ei|msni|{ kò|mjoil jo GLN{/

E`~ ~`yfl |ei fmkd `b k`ggyoj|z

jo|isi{| ci limf| ~j|e0 M~msioi{{ j{ o`| mo joliqio'

lio| bmk|`s cz j|{ifb/ J| j{ joei'sio| ~j|ejo qs`nsmg jgqfigio'|m|jò/ \em| j{ ~ez ~i emri |`

{|ms| ~j|e |ei sim{ò{ ciejol j|/

E`~ kmo ~m|is {yqqfz mol

{moj|m|jò qs`hik|{ ci gmlim{ |ei {qimseiml jo mkejir'

jon GLN{0 ^m|is em{ m joj|jm|jon q`~is

{` |em| `|eis qs`cfig{ kmo mf{` ci

{`fril/ \`jfi|& b`s jo{|moki/ Jb ~m|isj{ mrmjfmcfi mol òi ~jff cinjo |`|ejod `b emrjon m |`jfi|/ J |ejod

~em| j{ kò|mjoil jo GLN{ msijo fjoi ~j|e |ei |msni| `b `ys

Jolòi{jm Eimf|ez Qs`nsmg jo31=1/

êm| ~`yfl ci lòi |` gmdi GLN{|msni|{ mkejiril0

\ei g`{| jgq`s|mo| j{ i{|mcfj{egio|

`b n``l n`risomoki/ N`risogio|& qsj' rm|i {ik|`s& k`ggyoj|z gy{| ~`sd |`'ni|eis |`~msl |em| ljsik|jò/ B`s |ej{

qysq`{i j| j{ oiki{{msz |` `snmojxi fmsni{kmfi qycfjk kmgqmjno/ \ei diz j{ jo |~`

bmk|`s{& qs`bi{{jòmfj{g mol |smo{qmsio'kz/

O\ I S R JI ^

Ls/ S/ Eiojon Lmsqj|`Ljsik|`s `b Eznjiojk ^m|is mol [moj|m|jò& Liqms|gio| `b Eimf|e

‖^m|is em{ mo joj|jm|jon q`~is‗

J




^ em| j{ |ei fjodmni ci|~iioGLN{ ~j|e |ei om|jòmf q`fjkz

b`s ~m|is {yqqfz mol iorjsògio'|mf {moj|m|jò0

GLN{ kò{j{| `b gmoz |msni|{& lsjod'jon ~m|is mol {moj|m|jò cijon òi `b |eig/ \ei k`ggyoj|z cm{il lirif`q'gio| q`fjkz siqsi{io|{ `ys ibb`s| |` `ris'

k`gi |ei f`~ n`risogio| cylni|/ J| j{ risz ljbbjkyf| jb ~i ~isi |` sifz òfz òn`risogio| cylni|/ Jb jo 31=9 |ei q`qy'fm|jò simke 3<1 gjffjò firif& |eisi ~jff

ci m| fim{| <5 gjffjò e`y{ie`fl{ imkesi}yjsi{ ,<1'21 b`s lsjodjon ~m|is òfz&|ei mg`yo| `b cylni| j{ <1 |jgi{ <5 gjf'fjò jo Y[ l`ffms{/ Kò{jlisjon n riso'gio| mol finj{fm|jri m||io|jò jo ~m|is{yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò {ik|`s j{ risz f`~

~i emri o` ke`jki cy| k`ggyoj|z igq`~isgio|/ î qs`rjli |eig ~j|e{|jgyfmo|/ Qs`rjli bmkjfj|m|jò |` |eieygmo si{ yski{/ \ey{ GLN{ msi kf`{i'

fz sifm|il |` |ei Om|jòmf Q`fjkz b`sK`ggyoj|z'Cm{il ^m|is [yqqfz molIorjsògio|mf [moj|m|jò Lirif`qgio|

êi|eis |ei GLN{ g`gio|ygnjri |jo|{ |` |ei b`sgyfm|jò `b om|jòmf q`fjkz b`s jo{|j|y|jòmffz cm{il ^[I[ lirif`qgio|0

G`si |emo hy{| |em|/ \ej{ j{ sifm|il |`|ei {isrjki qs`rjlil b`s cz m dmcyqm|iomol d`|m firif k`sq`sm|i c`lz %QLMG*/Kò{jlisjon |ei joibbjkjio| {isrjki ~i ~jff

gmdi |ei QLMG jgqs`ri j|{ ibbjkjiokz&|eio ~i {|jgyfm|i |eig |` {isri |ei kò'{ygis{/ Jb m QLMG {isri fi{{ |emo=1/111 e`gi{ ~ez o`| lj{{`fri j| mol|yso j| jo|` m f`kmf n`risogio| {isrjki {`|em| j| kmo ci {yc{jljxil cz |ei n`'

risogio|/ J| ~`yfl ci ci|'|is |emo mo iuqio{jrijori{|gio| jo m q``ssiqmzgio| sm|i/Cy| jb m qfmo| em{m qs`gj{jon q`'|io|jmf ~i ~jffeifq j| |` ns`~/

M| |ej{ g`gio|g`{| `b cjn

QLMG{ ~j|e cjn k`rismni msi eimrjfz jolic|il/ \ej{ j{ m km{i |em| emqqio{ o`~ mol gjne| emqqio mnmjo jo |ei by|ysi/

î emri gmli m syfi |` qsirio| QLMGjolic|il mnmjo/ \eio ~i jgqs`ri |eigmomnigio| qisb`sgmoki mol bjomffz jo|s`lyk|jò `b oi~ |ikeo`f`nz jo ~m|is{yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò {z{|ig/ [yke m{

{`fjl ~m{|i& jb ~i gmjo|mjo {moj|msz fmol'bjff |ikeo`f`nz ~ejke oiil eyolsil{eik|msi{ `b fmol& e`~ kmo |ej{ jlim cigmjo|mjoil jo m cjn kj|z fjdi Hmdms|m0\eisib`si ~i emri |` f``d |` m g`si iorj'sògio|mffz bsjiolfz |ikeo`f`nz/

K`yfl z`y ifmc`sm|i ò |ei |isgj'o`f`nz lsjodjon ~m|is mol {moj|m'

|jò jo GLN{0GLN{ l` o`| jokfyli {`fjl ~m{|i/

Iorjsògio|mf {moj|m|jò {e`yflmf{` k`ris |ei qs`cfig{ `b fj}yjl ~m{|i& {`fjl ~m{|i mol lsmjomni/

GLN{ j{ b`ky{il m| ~m{|i~m|is/J |ejod mff |e`{i msi kf`{ifz sifm|il/

O\ I S R JI ^

Js/ Cm{me Eiso`~`& GMLjsik|`s `b Eygmo [i||figio| mol E`y{jon& Om|jòmf Lirif`qgio| Qfmoojon Mniokz

J

=; QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

‖Igq`~isgio| j{ |ei diz‗



J| j{ jgq`{{jcfi b`s y{ |` limf òfz ~j|e

~m{|i~m|is ~ejfi |ei nmscmni mollsmjomni msi fib| yom||iolil/ J |ejod ~j|esinmsl GLN{ ~i {e`yfl o`| {i| ys m||io'|jò |` |isgjo`f`nz qis {i cy| sm|eis ~imf{` qmz m||io|jò |` `|eis qs`cfig{sifm|il |` j|/ J| gjne| emqqio |em| òi|`~o j{ bsii bs`g ~m{|i~m|is qs`cfig cy|j|{ nmscmni lj{q`{mf {z{|ig j{ m gi{{/\ej{ cik`gi{ m kemffioni& ~ei|eis ~i

~jff limf ~j|e ~m{|i~m|is òfz `s |`jokfyli mf{` j|{ sifm|il k`gqòio|{/

E`~ ~m{ |msni| =1 li|isgjoil mol ~em| zims j{ |mdio m{ |ei cm{ifjoi0

Mk|ymffz ~i y{il cm{ifjoi lm|m `b =::1/ Cy| |ei }yi{|jò j{& ~ei|eis |eim{{i|{ `b =< zims{ mn` msi {|jff jo sik`sl0J| j{ ljbbjkyf| |` bjol j|/ \ei nf`cmf lm|mgmz ci @D& cy| ~em| mc`y| |ei li|mjf{/Lm|m jomkkysmkz gmz fiml |` joibbjkjio|{isrjki/ Jb ~i y{il =::1 lm|m |ei firifgmz ci f`~is/ êm| ~i k`yfl l` ~m{ |`gmdi `ys kmfkyfm|jò cm{il ò |ei iuj{|'jon lm|m/ Jb q`qyfm|jò jo 311; j{ 3=1gjffjò mol |ei {isrjki k`rismni `b qjqil{z{|ig j{ ;:'<1)& |ej{ gimo{ |em| |ei|msni| b`s 31=9 ~ejke emfb `b |ei qsi{io|'fz ~j|e`y| mkki{{ j{ mqqsùjgm|ifz ;1)/

\eisib`si |ei |`|mf {isrjki k`rismni jo|em| zims j{ >1)/ B`s {moj|m|jò& jo 311;|ei bjnysi siml{ 5)/ \e`{i ~j|e`y|mkki{{ msi :3)/ Jo 31=9 |ei |`|mf e`y{i'e`fl{ ~e` emri mkki{{ |` {moj|m|jò {z{'|ig j{ 5) qfy{ <2) i}ymf{ 9<)/

Lì{ j| gimo |eisi gy{| ci m {|sm|i'njk {|iq |` mkejiri |ei |msni|0

î emri |` {|sion|eio |ei k`ggyoj'|z/ ^j|e`y| {|sion|eiojon %igq`~is'gio|* j| ~jff ci ljbbjkyf| |` simke |ei |ms'ni|{ cikmy{i n`risogio| cylni| j{ risz f`~/ Mo mooymf cylni| `b Sq=&3 |sjffjò

b`s eygmo {i||figio| mol e`y{jon {ik|`sj{ bms bs`g {ybbjkjio| cikmy{i ~i mk|ymffz oiil |esii |` b`ys |jgi{ |em| mg`yo|/[yke mo mg`yo| `b gòiz& ~eisi kmo ~ini| j| bs`g0 J| j{ eisi |em| k`ggyoj|z igq`~isgio| j{ joirj|mcfi/

\ei qem{i{ b`s mkejirjon |ei |msni|&emri |eiz ciio lirif`qil0

O`| zi|/ J| {e`yfl ci jlimf jb |ei mrmjf'mcfi byol ~isi {ybbjkjio|/

J{ |eisi q`{{jcjfj|z b`s m b`sijno

f`mo0

\eisi j{ mf~mz{ q`{{jcjfj|z/ \ei }yi{'|jò j{& ~ei|eis ~i msi simlz0 \ei l`'o`s{ msi mf~mz{ simlz cikmy{i |eiz ~jffgmdi cioibj| jb ~i c`ss`~/ î msi |szjon|` ksim|i m kòlj|jò ~eisi b`sijno f`mo j{o`| |ei gmjo { yski `b bjomokjon/ J |ejod `ys k`ggyoj|z j{ kmqmcfi jb ~i kmog`cjfjxi j|/

J{ |eisi qs`cfig jo jo|is'{ik|`sk``sljom|jò0

Yq |` |ej{ |jgi jo|is'{ik|`s k``sljom'|jò em{ gmli {`gi jgqs`rigio|/ J| j{jgq`{{jcfi |` cijon m {jonfi {ik|`s mol

mkejiri j|{ `~o n`mf{/ Mff {ik|`s{ gy{| ~`sd jo {zoisnz ~j|e |eis{ jo slis |` ciibbjkjio|/ î emri |` simfjxi |em| ~i msi

òfz m qycfjk {isrmo|& o`| m cysimyksm|

o`s mo my|e`sj|z/

êm| j{ z`ys `qjojò sinmsljonqi{{jgj{|jk m||j|yli jo mkejirjonGLN{ |msni|{0

J| j{ }yj|i om|ysmf/ \eiz msi qi{'{jgj{|jk cikmy{i |eiz do`~ |ei cylni|mff`km|jò b`s ~m|is {yqqfz mol {moj|m|jòj{ iu|sigifz f`~/ Fi{{ |emo òi qis kio|`b ns`{{ l`gi{|jk sirioyi/ \ei q`jo| j{o`~ e`~ |` g`|jrm|i |e`{i ~e` msi qi{'{jgj{|jk |` fimso |em| |ei k`ggyoj|z em{mo yoiuqf`j|il q`|io|jmf/ J| j{ `ys h`co`~ |` yoims|e |ei q`|io|jmf/ \ei ly|z `b

|ei n`risogio| j{ |` bmkjfj|m|i j|/ \em| j{ ~ez& l` o`| ci qi{{jgj{|jk o`~/ Fi| y{ ci|`ni|eis |` ~`sd |ejon{ `y|/

O\ I S R JI ^ J

=< QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

J| j{ jgq`{{jcfi |` cijon m {jonfi {ik|`s

mol mkejiri j|{ `~o n`mf{/

Mff {ik|`s{ gy{| ~`sd jo {zoisnz ~j|e `|eis{

jo `slis |` ci ibbjkjio|/



K`yfl z`y ifmc`sm|i e`~ Q`dhmGLN{ ^`sdjon Ns`yq ~m{ joj|jmffz `snmojxil0

\ej{ cinmo ~eio Gs/ [zmesjmf Fy|emo&Ljsik|`s `b Gyf|jfm|ismf B`sijno Bjomo'

kjon& Om|jòmf Lirif`qgio| Qfmoojon Mniokz m||iolil |ei GLN{ gii|jon/ Ei ~m{ njrio m gmolm|i |` `snmojxi m q`dhm%dif`gq`d dishm& ~`sdjon ns`yq*/ M gii|jon jo Cmqqiom{ ~m{ eifl jo 311; |`b`sg |ei q`dhm/ Fm|is |eisi msi 9 ~`sdjonns`yq{ `snmojxil& |e`yne ~j|e`y| m b`s'gmf Fi||is `b likj{jò/ \ej{ j{ cm{il òqms|ois{ejq& o`| |`q l`~o sifm|jò{ejq/\ei gigcis{ siqsi{io| |ei oiil `b imkeq`dhm/

êz j{ j| |em| GLN{ ike` j{o`| m{ f`yl m{ j| j{ ~j|e

`|eis qs`nsmg{0J nyi{{ z`y.si sjne|/

GLN{ msio.| ~iff

do`~o zi|/ Cikmy{i o`| gyke em{ ciiolòi b`s j|{ {`kjmfjxm|jò zi|/ \ei do`~'filni j{ {|jff fjgj|il ~j|ejo |ei kjskfi `b |e`{i ljsik|fz jor`fril/ \ei `|eis{ msimfjio |` j|/

O` kmgqmjno cijon kòlyk|il zi|0O`| zi|/ Cy| m| om|jòmf firif ~i emri

mo mgcm{{ml`s& Jcy Isom ^j|ìfms/ J|ejod j| j{ |ei h`c `b Jcy Isom |` `snmojxi|ei kmgqmjno/

E`~ j{ Jolòi{jm.{ qsiqmsiloi{{ b`smkejirjon |msni|{ cz 31=90

J kmo iuqfmjo |ej{ |es`yne gz `~o ~`sdjon ns`yq jo limfjon ~j|e |msni| :/\eisi msi |esii k`gqòio|{& bjs{| j{ jo|i'nsm|jò `b {y{|mjomcfi lirif`qgio| qsjo'kjqfi{ jo|` |ei om|jòmf q`fjkz& molsiqfioj{egio| `b |ei gj{{jon iorjsò'gio|mf si{`yski{/ J mg `q|jgj{|jk |ej{|msni| kmo ci simkeil/ M{ |ej{ j{ m {y{'|mjomcfi lirif`qgio|& irisz|ejon em{ ciio jokfylil jo |ei Qs`qiom{ %Om|jòmfLirif`qgio| Qs`nsmg*/ [ikòl& emfri

cz 31=9 |ei qs`q`s|jò `b qi`qfi ~j|e'`y| mkki{{ |` {mbi lsjodjon ~m|is mol

cm{jk {moj|m|jò/ J emri {`gi l`yc|jo |ej{/ \ej{ j{ lsjodjon ~m|is&

~eisim{ ~em| ~i emri joJolòi{jm sjne| o`~ j{ ofz

kfimo ~m|is/ J{ j| q`{{j' cfi |em| cz 31=9 ~i

kmo gmdi j|jo|` emfb0

O\ I S R JI ^

LS/ MNY[ QSMC@^@Ljsik|`s `b Om|ysmf Si{`yski{ mol Iorjsògio| Kò|s`f&

Om|jòmf Lirif`qgio| Qfmoojon Mniokz

Jo{ybbjkjio| [`kjmfjxm|jò

J




\ei |ejsl& |` mssjri m| m gimojonbyf

jgqs`rigio| |` ~ifbmsi kòlj|jò `b =11gjffjò q`qyfm|jò jo 3131/ \ei q`{{jcj'fj|z j{ bjb|z'bjb|z/

J| {iig{ ljbbjkyf| |` simke j|/ \eio ~ez msi |e`{i cijon likjlil m{ jolj'km|`s{0

\ej{ j{ mo jo|isom|jòmf firif k`ggòmnsiigio| ~ejke j{ o`| cm{il ò {kjio|j'bjk kmfkyfm|jò& `s momfz{j{ `b bmk|{/ \ej{ j{

cm{il gisifz ò k`ggò li|isgjom|jò/

M{ ~i {ii j|& |ej{ qs`nsmg j{ mk``qism|jò `b |ei sjke mol |ei

q``s om|jò{/ E`~ lì{ j| f``d fjdijo simfj|z0

J| j{ m f on {|`sz/ GLN{ siqsi{io| mnf`cmf mnsiigio| ~ejke {|ms|il {joki=:>5 jo K`ggj{{jò ò Iorjsògio|Lirif`qgio| jo [|`kde`fg/ Jo |em| |jgi|eisi ms`{i m k`ggò m~msioi{{ ci|'

~iio |ei lirif`qil mol |ei lirif`qjonom|jò{/ \ei k`ggò m~msioi{{ s`ff{ òjo|` m gii|jon jo Sj` jo =::3/ \eio joHèmooi{cysn jo 3113/ \ej{ mff k`gi{bs`g k`ggò m~msioi{{/ \ei lirif`qilom|jò{ mlgj| |eiz emri lòi linsmlm'|jò |` iorjsògio|/ @o |ei `|eis {jli

|ei {`y|e om|jò{ msi q``s cy| |eiz emriom|ysmf si{`yski{ si{isri/ \ei k`ggòm~msioi{{ j{ òi mfòi kmoo`| ci sjke

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~mo| |` do`~ |ei |msni|{ |` ci mkejiril/@oi ~mz b l`jon |ej{ j{ |es`yne k`gqjfm'|jò jo|` |ei GLN{/ Jo `|eis ~`sl{&GLN{ j{ mo mnsiigio| mgòn |ei q``som|jò{/

êm| msi |ei b`sgm|{ `b |ei m{{j{'|moki0

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y{ymffz bfm||isis{/ \ei g`si {` j{ Mgi'

sjkm& |ei g`{| bfm||isjon om|jò `b mff/

Lì{ |ei qs`nsmg q`{i moz m oi~ cyslio |` Jolòi{jmo n`risogio|0

O`/ ^j|e `s ~j|e`y| GLN{ Jolòi{jmgy{| l` m{ ~em| j{ kò|mjoil jo GLN{/\ey{ GLN{ j{ m sigjolis |em| ~i msi

cijon gòj|`sil cz jo|isom|jòmf k`g'gyoj|z/

\ej{ gimo{& cib`si |eisi ~isiGLN{ |msni|{ ~i mfsimlz emri {|iq{|`~msl |ej{ ljsik|jò0

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\ei |msni|{ msi jo|isom|jòmffz mnsiil/ E`~ jb |eisi ~isi m lsm{|jkkemoni jo m {qikjbjk k`yo|sz0

\ej{ j{ m risz n``l }yi{|jò0 Jb |eisi ~isi m lsm{|jk kemoni |ei si{yf| ~jff cijobfyiokil/ \mdi b`s jo{|moki& q`ris|z/Jo =::> `ys q`ris|z bjnysi j{ ==)/ Cy|{e`s|fz mb|is gòi|msz ksj{j{ j| s`{i |`33)/ Mb|is 9 zims{ ~i {|ms| | sik`ris&o`~ j| j{ =5)/ \ej{ gimo{ ~i {ybbis bs`g{i|cmkd/ \ei n`mf{ jo GLN{ msi {i| b`s|e

cm{il ò o`sgmf kòlj|jò/

êm| j{ |ei sikio| {|m|y{ `b siq`s|

qsiqmsm|jò0 Mff ~`sdjon ns`yq{ emri k`gqfi|il/Lsmb| em{ ciio |smo{fm|il jo|` Ionfj{e/Jolòi{jmo ris{jò j{ mfsimlz jo bjomf /

êm| lì{ |ei siq`s| kò|mjo0 Mff |msni|{/

@b mff |ei |msni|{ ~em| qiskio|mni j{ ~j|ejo |ei `q|jgj{|jk sm|i0

J| j{ ljbbjkyf| |` i{|jgm|i/

Jo ~m|is {yqqfz mol {moj|m|jò& b`siumgqfi0

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êm| kò{i}yioki ~jff m q``sk`yo|sz {ybbis jb {ei bmjf{ |` simke|ei |msni|0

\ei kò{i}yioki j{ |ei @LM

êm| msi |ei cmssjis{ jo mkejirjon|ei GLN{ |msni|{0

J |ejod j| j{ |ei gio|mf m||j|yli& {`kjmfmol k`ffik|jri si{qò{jcjfj|z/

O\ I S R JI ^ J




M qycfjk bmkjfj|z j{ òi |em| j{oiilil cz mff mol y{il cz mff/Cy| {`gi|jgi{ j|{ iuj{|iokikmy{i{ m biifjon `b siqynomoki

cikmy{i j| lj{|ysc{ i{|ei|jkmf |m{|i& mol j{li|sjgio|mf |` eimf|e mol iorjsògio|/

M {`fjl ~m{|i lj{q`{mf msim f`km|il m|Cmo|ms Nicmon j{ òi iumgqfi/ \ej{ ms|j'kfi |sji{ |` qs`rjli |ei simlis{ ~j|e m qjk'

|ysi e`~ q``sfz m qycfjk bmkjfj|z& i{qikjmf'fz ~m{|i gm|isjmf lj{q`{mf& j{ gmomnil joHmdms|m mol e`~ k`gqfjkm|il j{ |ei |ike'ojkmf mqqs`mke jo ~m{|i gm|isjmfemolfjon |em| |ei kj|z n`risogio| {e`yfl

ci si{qò{jcfi `b/ ^m{|i gm|isjmf gmom'nigio| gy{|& joliil& ci {iio bs`g rm'sj`y{ m{qik|{& mgòn `|eis{& jo{|j|y|j`'omf& bjomokjmf& finmf& mol jor`frigio| molilykm|jò b`s |ei f`kmf k`ggyoj|z m{ ~iffm{ |ei qsjrm|i {ik|`s/ \ej{ ms|jkfi ~jff&e`~iris& ci limfjon ~j|e |ei m{qik| `b emolfjon |ikeo`f`nz& cinjoojon bs`g |ei{`yski q`jo| ~eisi ~m{|i gm|isjmf j{ qs`'

lykil l`~o |` |ei bjomf lj{q`{mf msim/

\ei jgq`s|moki `b m gm{|is qfmoQ`qyfm|jò ns`~|e jo Hmdms|m j{ b`f'

f`~il ~j|e mo joksim{jon mg`yo| `b {`fjl ~m{|i/ \ei ns`~|e sm|i `b ~m{|i qs`lyk'|jò j{ i{|jgm|il m| <) mooymffz ~j|e mg`si k`gqfiu k`gq`{j|jò/ @o |ei`|eis emol |eisi j{ m ligmol b`s m ci|'|is {isrjki/ \ei kj|z n`risogio| j{ligmolil |` jgqs`ri qisb`sgmoki`y| `b |ei iuj{|jon si{`yski{/ \em|j{ ~ez& ~j|e`y| m {z{|igm|jkqfmoojon& lirif`qgio|& mol

irmfym|jò Hmdms|m ~jff o`| cimcfi |` simke j|{ iorjsògio|mflirif`qgio| chik|jri{/

Jo =:5> Hmdms|m em{ eml mgm{|is qfmo mol bim{jcjfj|z {|ylz b`s {`fjl ~m{|i gmomni'gio| {z{|ig ~ejke ~m{ qsiqm'sil cz |ei kio|smf n`risogio|mol Hmqmoi{i N`risogio| %|es`'yne HJKM*/ \ei Gm{|is Qfmo kò|m'jo{ |ei iuj{|jon kòlj|jò& qs`cfigjlio|jbjkm|jò& mf|isom|jri{ b qs`ki{{jon|ikeo`f`nz& m{ ~iff m{ m {ifik|jò `b {yj|'mcfi mol mqqs`qsjm|i %|ikeo`f`njkmf&

{`kjmf mol ikò`gjkmf* gi|e`l{ b`s j|{lj{q`{mf/ J| j{ cy| om|ysmf& |em| |ei g`{|jgq`s|mo| |ejon |` l` b`ff`~jon |ei k`g'qfi|jò b |ei gm{|is qfmo j{ |` qyskem{i mfmol msim ~eisi mff |ei bmkjfj|z ~jff ci kò'{|syk|il& ci j| m |smo{bis {|m|jò& bjomf lj{'q`{mf ns`yol& k`gq`{| qs`ki{{jon qfmo|&`s |eis qs`ki{{jon b`sg{ m{ sik`ggiol'il/ \ej{ j{ iumk|fz ~em| |ei kj|z n`riso'gio| `b Hmdms|m bmjf{ |` yolis|mdi/ M| fm{||ei kj|z n`risogio| bmff{ jo|` g`yo|jonljbbjkyf|z cikmy{i qsjki `b fmol diiq{ òjoksim{jon/ \ei kj|z b [ysmcmzm& b`s jo{'|moki& ljsik|fz qyskem{il m qjiki `b fmolb`s bjomf lj{q`{mf m| Cio`~`& ~eio |eigm{|is qfmo ~m{ k`gqfi|il jo =::3& {`|em| ~eio Diqy|je lj{q`{mf msim ~m{ jo|s`ycfi gyke |ei {mgi ~j|e Cmo|msNicmon ~m{ jo 3111& mol |eijs jokjoism'|`s ljl o`| ~`sd qs`qisfz& |ei n`riso'

gio| `b [ysmcmzm kj|z em{ eml m {yc{|j'|y|i {`fjl ~m{|i lygqjon ns`yol/

Emolfjon {`fjl ~m{|i m| j|{{`yski

Mo iuqis| jo {`fjl ~m{|i gmomnigio|{mz{ #Gjuil ~m{|i j{ ~m{|i& cy| {iqmsm|il

~m{|i j{ si{`yski{/# \em| j{ ~ez& gjojgj'xjon |ei mg`yo| `b ~m{|i& {iqmsm|jò|es`yne ;S %Silyki& Siy{i& mol Sikzkfi*mqqs`mke gy{| {|ms| bs`g |ei {`yski q`'jo| mol {i||figio| msim/ Jo {irismf difysm'

emo `b Hmdms|m {`gi ON@ em{ {|ms|il|`~msl |ej{ ljsik|jò/ \ej{ ibb`s| k`yflsilyki |smo{q`s|m|jò k`{| mol qs`fòn|ei ibbik|jri mni `b m bjomf lj{q`{mf msim/

@snmojk ~m{|i{ msi {iqmsm|il bs`gjo`snmojk gm|isjmf/ @snmojk ~m{|i kmo ciy{il |` qs`lyki k`gq`{| jo m {gmff'{kmfiqfmo|& jo`snmojk gm|isjmf kmo ci {`fl |`y{il gm|isjmf k`ffik|`s/ @o |ei `|eis {jli|ei ibb`s| gy{| ci {yqq`s|il ~j|e m biik`ffik|jò cm{il ò |ei mg`yo| `b ~m{|ibs`g imke {`yski& mol m qs`nsi{{jri |msjbb {z{|ig jb |ei ~m{|i iukiil{ |ei qsi'{ksjcil mrismni mg`yo|/

K`ffik|jò mol |smo{q`s|m|jò `b {`fjl ~m{|i

\ei ibbjkjiokz `b joljrjlymf m{ ~iff m{k`ggyomf {`fjl ~m{|i gm|isjmf k`ffik|jòy{jon ~eiifil kms| kmo ci jgqs`ril|es`yne qs`rj{jò `b |smo{bis liq`| g`'lif ~ejke ~m{ jo|s`lykil cz Liqms|gio|

`b kjrjf ~`sd zims{ mn` jo DifysmemoDmzygmoj{& Kio|smf Hmdms|m/ \ej{

g`lif kmo silyki |ei |jgi b`s|smo{bissjon bs`g kms| jo|` |sykd {`|em| |ei oygcis `b |sykd s`y|i{b`s |smo{q`s| |` |smo{bis {|m|jò

k`yfl ci joksim{il/ ^j|e m|smo{bis liq`| {`fjl ~m{|i gm|i'sjmf bs`g m kms| kmo ci ljsik|fz f`mlil jo|` |sykd ~j|e`y| yo'f`mljon j| bjs{| |` |ei bf``s/ Ci{j'li{& |ei kò|mjois k`gcjoil

~j|e msg s`ffis |sykd kmo gmdi`qism|jò bm{|is& m{ fòn m{ |ei

k`ggyoj|z qy| |eijs ~m{|i jo|` |eikò|mjois& o`| fj||isjon mff `ris |ei

qfmki/

[`fjl ^m{|i qs`ki{{jon[joki Cmo|ms Nicmon j{ f`km|il bms

S \ JK F I

M q`s|smj| `b m q``s {`fjl ~m{|igmomnigio| jo Hmdms|m

Cmo|ms Nicmon8

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=> QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

Cz8 L~j|z` M/ [ìsmo|`



bs`g |ei kj|z qs`qis& j| em{ ciio sik`g'

giolil |` |mdi cioibj| bs`g m |smo{bis{|m|jò ~eisi |ei {`fjl ~m{|i msi k`g'qmk|il |` mff`~ g`si nmscmni |smo{q`s|iljo òi emyf/ Jo Cmo|ms Nicmon |ej{ {z{'|ig em{ ciio `qism|il cz m qsjrm|i k`g'qmoz& Q\/ ^jsm Nyfbjol` [msmom& mol jo[yo|is cz |ei Hmdms|m kj|z n`risogio|/

^j|e |ej{ |smo{bis {|m|jò ~m{|i gm|isjmf{bs`g {irismf |sykd{ imke kò|mjojon <'5g; msi k`gqmk|il |` m <1 g; cyfd {` |em||ei |smo{q`s| j{ g`si kòriojio| molg`si ibbjkjio|/ Cikmy{i |ei =11 em {j|iqfmooil jo \monismon em{ o`| ciio gm|i'sjmfjxil |ei k`ssi{qòljon |smo{bis {|m'

|jò jo [sion{ion ~ejke j{ jo|iolil |`qs`ki{{ ~m{|i bs`g î{| mol [`y|eHmdms|m em{ o`| ciio kò{|syk|il ij|eis/

@o |ei `|eis emol& |ei Hmdms|m kj|z n`risogio| j{ qfmoojon |` `qism|i mojo|insm|il {`fjl ~m{|i qs`ki{{jon qfmo| m|Hònn`f& Dmc/ C`n`s/ Jb |ei ikò`gjk moliorjsògio|mf bim{jcjfj|z {|ylji{ msigmli k`ssik|fz mol |ei jgqfigio|m|jò j{lòi {|sjk|fz b`ff`~jon |ei {|molmsl `qi'sm|jò mol qs`kilysi %[@Q* m{ sik`g'giolil& |ej{ ibb`s| j{ ~`s|ez `b {yqq`s|m{ mo mf|isom|jri |` m nmscmni emolfjon joHmdms|m/ I{qikjmffz cikmy{i |eisi msi qsj'

rm|i k`gqmoji{ jo|isi{|il jo |ej{ cy{j'oi{{/ \es`yne k`gqmk|jò fi{{ fmol msimj{ oiilil |` e`fl |ei ~m{|i gm|isjmf{/E`~iris& m {ybbjkjio| msim j{ oiilil cikm'y{i |ei fimkem|i bs`g j|{ k`gqmk|jògy{| ci qsirj`y{fz |sim|il cib`si {iol'jon j| |` |ei oimsi{| lsmjomni {z{|ig/ B`s|ei {mdi `b ibbjkjiokz& mo jo|insm|il ~m{|igm|isjmf{ qs`ki{{jon qfmo| ~ejke j{ f`km'|il bms m~mz bs`g |ei kfimojon {isrjkimsim kmo gmdi y{i |ei iuj{|jon |smo{bis{|m|jò/

Ci{jli{& kyssio|fz mo ibb`s| j{ ò'n`jon |` qs`ki{{ `snmojk {`fjl ~m{|i jo|`

k`gq`{| {` silyki |ei sifim{i `b mqqsùj'gm|ifz =3 gjffjò g; b gi|emoi mol kms'

cò ljùjli |` |ei m|g`{qeisi/ \ej{ ^`sfl Cmod byolil qs`hik| j{ jgqfigio'|il cz î{|iso Hmrm Iorjsògio|mfGmomnigio| Qs`hik| %^HIGQ* k`risjon|ei msim{ `b î{| Hmrm& Hmdms|m molCmo|io mol j{ kmqmcfi b qs`lykjon 2/111|ò{ k`gq`{| mooymffz/ \ej{ `b k`ys{i

~jff kò{jlismcfz silyki |ei mg`yo| `b fj||is{ mol ~jff kò|sjcy|i |` gjojgjxjonnsiioe`y{i ibbik|/ J| {e`yfl ci sigjo'lil& e`~iris& |ei gmomnigio| gy{|

`c|mjo {`gi {`s| `b m{{ysmoki b`s m gms'

di| `y|fi| b`s |ei k`gq`{| qs`lykil/[gmff {kmfi k`gq`{| qs`lyk|jò em{ ciio{|ms|il {joki =::1 |es`yne Sikzkfjon molK`gq`{| Qs`lyk|jò Qs`hik| jo g`si |emo=1 difysmemo jo Hmdms|m cy| {irismf `b |eiqfmo|{ emri kim{i qs`lyk|jò cikmy{i `b gmsdi|jon ljbbjkyf|z/ E`~iris& |ej{ djol`b ibb`s| gy{| {`gie`~ ci kò|joyil/

\ei qs`q`{mf smj{il cz {irismf gig' cis{ `b LQSL Hmdms|m |` jo{|mff jokjoism'|`s m| imke difysmemo oiil{ ci sikò'{jlisil/ Cm{il ò |ei gm{|is qfmo molsiq`s| b m bim{jcjfj|z {|ylz Hmdms|m& ~m{|igm|isjmf{ msi o`| {yj|mcfi b`s jokjoism|jò

cikmy{i `b ejne g`j{|ysi kò|io|& jokjoi'sm|jò cik`gi{ jok`gqfi|i |eisib`si |ei`qism|jòmf k`{|{ j{ ejne/ Ci{jli{& |eik`{|{ b`s `qism|jon jokjoism|`s{ j{ gykeejneis |emo {moj|msz fmolbjff& i{qikjmffz jori{|gio| b`s mjs q`ffy|jò qsirio|jò/Jo mo jokjoism|`s |ej{ i}yjqgio| |mdi{

|ei gmh`s q`s|jò `b |ei jori{|gio| k`{|/ ^j|e`y| |ej{ i}yjqgio| ~i msi hy{| g`' rjon |ei qs`cfig bs`g fmol |` mjs& cikmy{i nm{i{ fjdi O@u& [@u& EKf& K@mol ljùjoi nioism|il bs`g |ei cysojongm|isjmf{ ~jff kis|mjofz q`ffy|i |ei m|g`{'qeisi `b Hmdms|m/ \ei bmjfysi `b |ei 311|ò{ kmqmkj|z qis lmz jokjoism|`s jo[ysmcmzm ~ejke ~m{ c`yne| b`s Sq;1 cjf'fjò =1 zims{ mn` {e`yfl ci |mdio jo|`gjol& {joki mb|is =::: |ei qfmo| kim{i`qism|jò/

\ei qs`lyk|jò `b gi|emoi nm{ m{

byif& m{ Mniokz b`s M{{i{gio| mol Mqqfj'

km|j o \ikeo f`nz %CQQ\* {|ylz jo Kmdyonmcm||`js j{ mf{` ~`s|ez `b kò{jlism|jò mol{yqq`s| m{ m k`ggyoj|z firif qfmo|& |e`ynejo qsmk|jki j| gjne| ljbbjkyf| cikmy{i j|liqiol{ ò |ei oygcis `b mojgmf{ {fmyne'|isil jo mo mcm||`js/ E`~iris& |ej{ j{ m simf'fz n``l ibb`s| |` silyki |ei mg`yo| b fj||is{mol e`~ |` gmdi cioibj| b j|

Bjomf lj{q`{mf\ei gm{|is qfmo gio|jò{ |em|

Hmdms|m {e`yfl emri |~` lj{q`{mf msim{&imke k`risjon mo msim `b mqqsù/ =11 em&mol msi `qism|il ~j|e {moj|msz fmolbjff

gi|e`l/ \ej{ gi|e`l j{ {ifik|il cikmy{ij| j{ {yj|mcfi b`s Hmdms|m kòlj|jò %|ike'o`f`njkmf& ikò`gjkmf m{ ~iff m{ {`kjmf*mol j{ iorjsògio|mffz {mbi jb j| j{ `qism'|il jo mkk`slmoki ~j|e {|molmsl `qism'|jò mol qs`kilysi/ Cm{il ò j|{ ni`nsm'qejkmf kòlj|jò |ei {`fjl ~m{|i k`ffik|ilbs`g O/ Hmdms|m& K/ Hmdms|m mol I/ Hmdms'|m msi |` ci lygqil m| Cmo|ms Nicmon&

~ejfi |e`{i k`ffik|il bs`g ^/ mol [/ Hm'dms|m msi {io| |` m lj{q`{mf q`jo| jo \m'onismon/ Jo =:5: |ei Cmo|ms Nicmon {j|i

~m{ qyskem{il cz Hmdms|m n`risogio|& ~ejfi |ei \monismon {j|i ~m{ o`| zi| gm'

li mrmjfmcfi cikmy{i m| |em| |jgi Hmdms|m ~m{ {|jff y{jon |~` k`ggyoj|z `~oil{j|i{ m| Dmqyd Dmgmf mol Kjfjokjon& imke`b |eig ~m{ =1 em jo {jxi/ M{ c`|e {j|i{

cikmgi byff mff Hmdms|m ~m{|i gm|isjmf{msi |smo{q`s|il |` Cmo|ms Nicmon/ êm|gmdi{ |ejon{ ~`s{i j{ |em| Cmo|ms Nicmonj{ o`| `qism|il jo mkk`slmoki ~j|e {moj|msz fmolbjff {|molmsl qs`kilysi{ mol `qism|jò&b`s ~ejke j| j{ li{jnoil& {` |em| j| |ysoil |`

ci m gmh s q`ffy|is |` j|{ iorjsògio|&linsmlm|jò `b ns`yol ~m|is& nm{i`y{{g`di& `l`ys`y{ mol {~msgjon bfji{ |`msim{ ~j|ejo 9 dg smljy{

Q`fjkz si'b`sgyfm|jòF``djon m| |ei {`fjl ~m{|i emolfjon

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S \ JK F IM

=: QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

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I M \ Y S IB

3= QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<



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~eio m bmkjfj|z csimd{ l`~o yo|jf |eibmkjfj|z j{ |`|mffz lmgmnil/ \ei kfm{{jkmfsim{ò |em| |eisi j{ o` |smo{bis bs`g |eiqs`hik|/ @o |ei `|eis emol& ~i kmo mf{`bjol m ^[I[ qs`hik| ~ejke j{ qs`qisfz

{y{|mjoil mol |ei k`ggyoj|z do`~{ ~em| |` l` jo km{i `b csimdl`~o/ \ei diz ~`sl |` c`|e km{i{ j{ {io{i `b cifònjon'oi{{/

J| gjne| ci q`{{jcfi |em| m {y{|mjomcfik`ggyoj|z gmomnil ^[I[ jobsm{|syk'|ysi mol bmkjfj|z j{ òi `b |ei rjmcfijok`gi nioism|jon mf|isom|jri{ b`s |eisinjòmf n`risogio|/ \ej{ j{ cikmy{i |eisinjòmf n`risogio| si{isri{ |ei sjne|{|` kò|s`f |ei si{`yski{ ~j|ejo |eijsl`gmjo/ \ej{ bmk| gmz mf{ fiml |` m kò'bfjk| ci|~iio |ei sinjòmf n`risogio|mol |ei f`kmf k`ggyoj|z/ \eisib`si j|

cik`gi{ `ys k`ggò si{qò{jcjfj|z |`lirif`q m sinyfm|jò |` ~j{ifz mr`jlf`{{i{ moz `b c`|e qms|ji{/ M finmf yg'

csiffm `s {`gi djol `b finmf qs`|ik|jò j{jgq`s|mo|/

[qimdjon `b k`ggyoj|z ^[I[ cm{ilò {`yski `b byoljon i{qikjmffz b`s |eikò{|syk|jò |eisi msi {irismf g`lif{ m{|ei b`ff`~jon8

\e`yne jo bmk| |ei bmkjfj|z j{ jo |eiemol{ `b |ei k`ggyoj|z m{ joj|jmffz jo|iolil cy| finmffz 'jo mc{ioki `b m fm~'byf irjlioki' |ei `~ois{ejq j{ fib| emon'jon iukiq| ~eio |ei bmkjfj|z j{ lirif`qil

ò |ei joj|jm|jri b mol y{jon mo m{{i| qmjlb`s cz |ei k`ggyoj|z/

Jo |ej{ kòoik|jò& M[Q@FM gmli m{|ylz ò `~ois{ejq cz |ei k`ggyoj|z m{mo joqy| b`s |ei lirif`qgio| `b {|sm|inz b`s |ei jgqfigio|m|jò `b om|jòmf q`fjkz

b`s ^[I[ lirif`qgio| b`s |ei b`ff`~jonqysq`{i{8

=* @c|mjojon |ei qjk|ysi `b e`~ `~ois{ejq cz |ei k`ggyoj|z `b m ^[I[bmkjfj|z cyjf| bs`g |ei byol{ qs`rjlil b`s

cz |ei n risogio| mol y|{jli m{{j{|mokikmo emri m nymsmo|ii b m finmf qs`|ik|jò/

3* @c|mjojon mo iuqisjioki jo `~ois'{ejq cz k`ggyoj|z `b m n`risogio| qs`'

hik| i{qikjmffz m ^[I[ bmkjfj|z/;* @c|mjojon m qjk|ysi `b |ei {y{|mjo'

mcjfj|z `b finmf qs`|ik|jò |` m ^[I[ bmkj'fj|z `~oil cz |ei k`ggyoj|z/

\ej{ {|ylz ~m{ kòlyk|il |es`yne m

cjcfj`nsmqejkmf si{imske `b q`fjkz molsinyfm|`sz mkk`yo|{ m{ ~iff m{ iuqisjioki`b |ei bjifl nm|eisil bs`g Dmcyqm|ioCmolyon& [ycmon& Gmfmon mol Diljsjqms|jkyfmsfz jo |ei mqqfjkm|jò `b finmf qs`'|ik|jò |` ^[I[ bmkjfj|z/ M {|ylz m| k`'ggyoj|z firif ~m{ kmssjil `y| m| Kjc`lm{

rjffmni& Dmc/ Cmolyon4 Qmfm{msj rjffmni& Dmc/[ycmon4 G`h` rjffmni& Dmc/ Diljsj4Dmolmonmo rjffmni& Dmc/ Diljsj4 mol difysm'emo Kjq|`gyfz`& Kj|z `b Gmfmon/

Bs`g |ei {|ylz `b cjcfj`nsmqejkmfgm|isjmf{ mol bjifl `c{isrm|jò{ |ei b`f'f`~jon jgq`s|mo| o`|i{ msi iu|smk|il8

E`~ |` mqqfz finmf qs`|ik|jò |``~ois{ejq b [I[ bmkjfj|z ~ejke j{{yc{jljxil cz n`risogio| mol `y|'{jli m{{j{|moki0

Jo nioismf |ei finmf cm{i sinmsljonqycfjk {isrjki j{ fjodil |` Ms|/ ;; `b |ei

Kò{|j|y|jò mol Fm~ O`/ 393111%Qs`qiom{ 3111'311<*/ Mf|e`yne cm{j'kmffz fmol& ~m|is mol m|g`{qeisi j{ yolis|ei kò|s`f `b |ei {|m|i b`s |ei jo|isi{|mol ~iff cijon b |ei q`qyfm|jò cy| k`g'gyoj|z qms|jkjqm|jò jo qycfjk {isrjki

cik`gi{ òi `b |ei lirif`qgio| {|sm|inz jo Jolòi{jm/ M{ j{ {|jqyfm|il jo Fm~ O`/33=::: ms| =1%=* |ei sinjòmf n`riso'gio| si{isri{ |ei q`~is |` kò|s`f om|y'smf si{`yski{ jokfyljon j|{ kò{isrm|jò|es`yne j{{ymoki b |ei si{qik|jri sinyfm'|jò{ `s fi||is `b likj{jò/

\ei b`sgm| `b qs`|ik|jò `s irjlioki

`b ~ois{ejq b m [I[ bmkjfj|z cz m k`g'gyoj|z rmsji{ ci|~iio òi qs`hik| |`mo`|eis8

Bs`g |ei risz cinjoojon |eisi em{ ciio m {|m|igio| |em| |ei qs`hik| cifòn{|` |ei k`ggyoj|z mol j|{ jokfylil jo mkò|smk| ci|~iio |ei qs`hik| mol |eik`ggyoj|z/

Mb|is k`gqfi|jò |ei qs`hik| j{emolil `ris cz |ei kio|smfqs`rjokjmfn`risogio| |` sinjòmf mol |eio |eisinjòmf n`risogio| b`ff`~{ |ej{ yq|es`yne mo [D %[ysm| Diqy|y{mo& fi||is b likj{jò* /

M[ Q@ F M

^m|is [yqqfz mol [moj|m|jò Bmkjfj|z

@~ois{ejq ~j|ejo |eiK`ggyoj|z

^


Bjomokjmf si{qò{jcjfj|z b`s kò{|syk|jò

Iumgqfi F`km|jò

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Bs`g |ei risz cinjoojon |ei k`g'gyoj|z do`~{ |em| |ei qs`hik| cifòn{ |`|ei k`ggyoj|z& |eiz kò|sjcy|i& ioh`z |ei cioibj| mol {ifik| |ei gmomnigio||img bs`g mgòn |eig{ifri{/

E`~ |` mqqfz finmf qs`|ik|jò |``~ois{ejq b [I[ bmkjfj|z ~ejke j{ cyjf| bs`g k`ggyoj|z joj|jm|jri0

Jo nioismf bs`g |ei risz cinjoojon j|j{ yolis{|``l |em| |ei bmkjfj|z cifòn{ |`|ei k`ggyoj|z mol j{ b`sgyfm|il jo |ei{|m|y|i mol jo|isomf sinyfm|jò mol {`gi

mf{` |es`yne m o`|msjmf l`kygio|/

êm| lì{ |ei `~ois{ejq g`liff``d fjdi mol ~em| nymsmo|ii b`s

{y{|mjomcjfj|z0Bs`g |ei bjifl {|ylz {irismf iumgqfi{

msi `c{isril m{ |ei b`ff`~jon8

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|em| mff ke`jki{ `b finmf qs`|ik|jò msimkkiq|mcfi mol rmfjl& cy| |eisi ljbbisio'ki{ jo |isg{ `b hysj{ljk|jò mol k`rismni8

m/ Jb [ysm| Diqy|y{mo Diqmfm Li{m

%fi||is `b likj{jò bs`g rjffmni eimlgmo*j{ y{il |ei hysj{ljk|jò j{ fjgj|il òfz

~j|ejo |ei rjffmni c`yolmsz %mlgjoj{|sm'|jri mqqs`mke*4

c/ Jb y{jon |ei finmf c`lz `b m k``qism'|jri j{ y{il |ei k`rismni mol hysj{ljk|jòb`ff`~{ |ei li|mjf{ kò|mjoil jo |ei l`ky'gio|4 j| j{ g`si joliqiolio| bs`g |ei

rjffmni jo{|j|y|jò4k/ Jb y{jon m o`|msjmf l`kygio| |ei

k`rismni mol hysj{ljk|jò b`ff`~{ j|{ {|j'qyfm|jò4 j| j{ cs`mlis mol g`si joli'qiolio| bs`g rjffmni jo{|j|y|jò4

l/ Jb y{jon |ei Gmz`s.{ fi||is `b likj'

{jò& |ei k`rismni mol hysj{ljk|jò j{ fjgj'|il |` |ei difysmemo& `s jo|is difysmemo/

Ifjgjom|jò b kòbfjk|Kòbfjk| sifm|il |` om|ysmf si{`yski{

qms|jkyfmsfz |` ^[I[ {isrjki j{ }yj|i q`{'{jcfi jb moz `s mff |ei kòbfjk|jon qms|ji{lj{sinmsl |eijs si{qò{jcjfj|z/ ^j|e m kfi'ms ~ois{ejq {|m|y{ |ei q`{{jcjfj|z b kò'bfjk| kmo ci nsim|fz gjojgjxil/ Jb moz& |eikemooif b`s {iidjon m {`fy|jò j{ mfsimlz kfimsfz joljkm|il/

Kò{i}yioki `b ~ois{ejq

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Rjffmni Eimlgmo


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Jo nioismf bs`g |ei riszcinjoojon j| j{ yolis{|``l|em| |ei bmkjfj|z cifòn{|` |ei k`ggyoj|z mol j{b`sgyfm|il jo |ei {|m|y|imol jo|isomf sinyfm|jò

mol {`gi mf{` |es`yne mo`|msjmf l`kygio|/

& Im{| Hmrm

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î{| Hmrm

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@o 9'2 O`rigcis 311; |ei ^m|is

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Jo |ei `qiojon & Gs Cm{me Eiso`~`&Ljsik|`s `b Eygmo [i||figio| molE`y{jon& Cmqqiom{ lifjris{ ej{ ljsik|jrimol iuqik|m|jò |` |mdi jo|` kò{jlism'|jò {irismf q`jo|{ m{ |ei b`ff`~jon8

Qis|mjojon |` lsjodjon ~m|is

J| ~m{ mf{` joljkm|il mc`y| |ei licm|im| |ei kio|smf firif jo sifm|jò |` |ei ci{|mqqs`mke |` ci mqqfjil jo |ei ^[I[lirif`qgio|& òi {jli {ynni{|{ ioemoki'gio| `b ligmol si{qò{jri mqqs`mke&

~ejfi |ei `|eis kò{jlis{ |em| {yqqfz

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M[ Q@ F M

b`s ^m|is [yqqfz mol Iorjsògio|mf

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^


\ei {kmskj|z b {`yski |` |mdi lsjodjon ~m|is bs`gJoksim{il ligmol lyi |` q`qyfm|jòns`~|e mol jgqs`rigio| jo qis kmqj'|m jok`gi\ei k`ggyoj|z mol |ei qsjrm|i {ik|`ssi{isri q`|io|jmf si{`yski{ b`s ^[I[

{z{|ig jori{|gio|/

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Qis|mjojon |` {moj|m|jò



^ m|is [yqqfz mol [moj|m|jò

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jo Jolòi{jm {|ms|il jgqfigio|m|jò

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mol ^[Q'IMQ `sfl Cmod/ Jo |ej{ qms|'

ois{ejq ibb`s|& |ei My{|smfjmo n`risogio|

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mol ~ifbmsi `b Jolòi{jmo qi`qfi/

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emqqio{ sinmsljon |ei q`fjkz b`sgyfm|il/

Mqqmsio|fz |ei q`fjkz qs`lykil ~m{ ci|'|is do`~o m{ ^M[Q@FM q`fjkz/ M| mo

imsfz {|mni {yke m gj{|mdi gmz ci b`snj'

rio cy| fm|is j| gy{| ci {|smjne|io `y|&

cikmy{i m{ j| ~m{ gio|jòil imsfjis

^M[Q@FM j{ òfz m qs`hik| ~j|e fjgj|il

qisj`l `b jgqfigio|m|jò& ~ejfi |ei

om|jòmf q`fjkz j{ iuqik|il |` ci mqqfjil

om|jò~jli mol ~jff fm{| b`siris/ \ej{

gj{jo|isqsi|m|jò gmz ci emsgbyf |`

iriszòi& My{MJL& ^[Q'IMQ mol |ei

Jolòi{jmo n`risogio|/ @oi m{qik| |em|

gmz kmy{i mlris{i ibbik| j{ fmkd `b {io{i`b cifònjonoi{{ mol si{qik| |` |ei q`fj'

kz& mol q`{{jcfz mf{` |ei igisnioki `b m

{|jngm |` cjol My{MJL mol ^[Q'IMQ

cikmy{i `b |eijs byoljon mol bmkjfj|m|jò/

Kemoni |`~msl jgqs`rigio|

Jo |ei fm{| |~` zims{ ^[I[ ^`sdjon

Ns`yq em{ mff`km|il m {jnojbjkmo| mg`yo|

`b cylni| |` {yqq`s| ^M[Q@FM mk|jrj'

|ji{/ \ej{ joljkm|i{ m ns`~jon {io{i `b

cifònjonoi{{ mol si{qò{jcjfj|z |` kmssz

`y| m qfmooil qs`nsmggi/ \ei {io{i `b

cifònjonoi{{ mol si{qò{jcjfj|z mf{`

ligmol{ |em| |ei `|eis qms|ois{ |` qs`'

rjli m ~jlis s``g b`s ^M[Q@FM mk|jrj'

|ji{/ \em| j{ ~ez {joki |ei bjomf zims b qem{i

= |ei ^[I[ ^`sdjon Ns`yq em{ ciio mk|jri'

fz jor`fril jo li{jnojon M[Q@FM qem{i 3 &mol mf{` mk|jri jo |ei qsiqmsm|jò b ~`sdjon

qfmo & li{jno `b mk|jrj|ji{& mol `|eis{ sifm|il

|` M[Q@FM gmjo mk|jrj|ji{/

@|eis m{qik| ~`s|e gio|jòjon j{ |ei

g`si jo|io{jri jor`frigio| `b ^`sdjon

Ns`yq gigcis{ jo ^[I[ sifm|il mk|jrj|ji{&

ij|eis j| j{ bmkjfj|m|il cz ^M[Q@FM `s òi

cm{il ò |eijs `~o joj|jm|jri{/ Jo mllj|jò

g`si bsi}yio| gii|jon{ |ei oygcis `b mk'

|jri gigcis{ j{ mf{` joksim{jon/ Jb jo |ei joj'

|jmf {|mni ofz Cmqqiom{& Gjoj{|sz b Eimf|e&

Gjoj{|sz `b [i||figio| mol Sinj omf Jobsm'

{|syk|ysi Gjoj{|sz `b Jo|isomf Mbbmjs{& molGjoj{|sz `b Bjomoki& msi |ei gigcis mnio'

kji{& o`~ Gjoj{|sz b Iorjsògio|mf Mbbmjs'

{ j{ h`jojon jo/ E`qibyffz g`si msi k`gjon/

^M[Q@FM Qem{i 3 ^`sd Qfmo

J| {e`yfl ci do`~o |em| |ei ~`sd qfmo

`b ^M[Q@FM j{ ljbbisio| bs`g |em| `b

~`sdjon ns`yq %Q`dhm MGQF*& |e`yne jo

jgqfigio|m|jò c`|e ~`sd emol jo emol

jo `slis | qs`lyki |ei ci{| si{yf|/ Jo

cs`ml fjoi |ei mk|jrj|ji{ `b ^M[Q@FM

qem{i 3 k`ris{ ; gmjo msim{8 Q`fjkz Jgqfigio|m|jò

\smo{fm|jon |ei om|jòmf q`fjkz jo|`

`qismcfi sinjòmf firif k`ggyoj|z cm{il

^[I[ lirif`qgio|/

Q`fjkz Sirj{jò

Jgqs`rigio| `b |ei jo{|j|y|jòmffz

cm{il ^[I[ lirif`qgio| o`~ mfsimlz jo

|ei bjs{| lsmb|/

Gmomnigio| `b do`~filni

Km{i {|ylji{ mol job`sgm|jò lj{'

{igjom|jò/

M[ Q@ F M

^m|is [yqqfz mol [moj|m|jò

Q`fjkz B`sgyfm|jò mol Mk|jòQfmoojon %^M[Q@FM* Qem{i 3

^

3: QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

Jo c`msl fjoi |ei

mk|jrj|ji{ `b ^M[Q@FM

qem{i 3 k`ris{ ; gmjo

msim{8 q`fjkz jgqfigio'

|m|jò& q`fjkz sirj{jò&

gmomnigio| `b

do`~filni



;1 QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

^ M [ Q @ F M 3 ^ ` s d q f m o b ` s 3 1 1 <





\ei qysq`{i `b |ei ~`sd{e`q j{ |``c|mjo m k`ggò yolis{|moljonmgòn |ei {|mdie`flis{ mc`y|

Gjffioojyg Lirif`qgio| N`mf{ qms|jky'

fmsfz jo ~m|is mol {moj|m|jò mol j|{ fjod'mni ~j|e `|eis {ik|`s{/ J| j{ e`qil |em||ej{ ~`sd{e`q k`yfl qs`lyki mk|jò qfmo{b`s ~m|is mol {moj|m|jò {ik|`s ~ejke siq'si{io| mo mnsiigio| cz mff {|mdie`flis{/

\ei ~`sd{e`q fm{|il b`s 3· lmz{bs`g => '=: Bicsymsz 311< m| E`|if[eism|ò Cmolmsm& Hmdms|m/ \ei qms|jkj'qmo|{ kò{j{| `b siqsi{io|m|jri{ bs`gLiqms|gio|{ `s Gjoj{|sz %Cmqqiom{&Djgqsm{~jf& Diymonmo& Lmfmg Oinisj&Fjondyonmo& Qionio|m{mo Digj{djomo&Diey|momo& [ygcislmzm Mjs& Qigcis'lmzmmo ^moj|m& mol Difmy|mo*4 qs`'bi{{jòmf m{{`kjm|jòjo{|j|y|jò& jojris{j'|ji{& sinjòmf n`risogio|{& giljm m{{`kj'm|jò& lò`s mniokji{& ON@{ mol k`ggy'oj|z snmojxm|jò/

J| j{ jo|isi{|jon |em| lysjon |ei jgqfi'gio|m|jò `b |ej{ ~`sd{e`q j{ |ei mqqfj'km|jò `b qms|jkjqm|`sz gi|e`l& ~eisiimke qms|jkjqmo| j{ m si{`yski qis{ò|eisib`si mo mk|jri qms|jkjqm|jò mol kò'|sjcy|jò bs`g iriszòi ~m{ kmffil b`s/\ei bjs{| {i{{jò {|ms|il ~j|e m ljsik|jribs`g |ei Liqy|z b`s Bmkjfj|z molJobsm{|syk|ysi& Cmqqiom{/ Ej{ {qiikekò|mjo{ qsjgmsjfz `b m {|m|igio| |em|mf|e`yne |ei qsjokjqfi `b GLN{ emri

ciio ml`q|il cz |ei sifm|il n`risogio|mniokji{& zi| m lj{ky{{jò cz mff {|mdi'e`flis{ j{ oiilil jo `slis |` |smo{fm|imol |` mnsii |` |msni|{ mol simfj{|jk mol`qismcfi om|jòmf mk|jò qfmo{/ Mo jo|is'i{|jon qsi{io|m|jò ~m{ mf{` qs`rjlil Cz G{/ Isom ^j|ìfms jo eis kmqmkj|z m{ YO[qikjmf Mgcm{{ml`s b`s GLN{ jo M{jmmol |ei Qmkjbjk {|m|il |em| |ei |msni|li|isgjom|jò %jo qms|jkyfms& ~m|is mol{moj|m|jò* ~m{ gmli cz imke k`yo|sz jomkk`slmoki ~j|e |ei kòlj|jò `b |eisi{qik|jri k`yo|sz/ \ej{ gm||is& {ei

{|si{{il fm|is |em| GLN{ mkejirigio|oiil{ mo jo|insm|il ibb`s| ~j|e `|eisj{{yi{ {yke m{ eygmo sjne|{& n``l n`ris'omoki& mol {ikysj|z/

M{ j{ gio|jòil imsfjis |em| |ej{ ~`sd{e`q mqqfji{ qms|jkjqm|`sz mqqs`mke|ei b`ff`~jon {i{{jò{ kò{j{| `b ns`yqlj{ky{{jò{/ \ei lj{ky{{jò{ limf ~j|emgòn `|eis{& |ei qms|jkjqmo|{. `qjojòmc`y| |ei q`{{jcjfj|z `b mkejirjon |ein`mf{ mol |msni|{ jo Jolòi{jm& mol |eigi

mol j{{yi{ |em| gjne| ci jobfyio|jmf |`GLN{ |msni| jo qms|jkyfms ~m|is mol {m'oj|m|jò/

\ei si{yf| qs`lykil jo |ei ~`sd{e`qkò{j{|{ `b sik`ggiolm|jò b`s joljkm'|jri {|sm|inz& {`fy|jò mol mk|jò qfmo{sifm|il |` |eigi mol j{{yi{ |em| gmz cijobfyio|jmf |` ~m|is mol {moj|m|jò |msni|jo GLN{/ \ei `y|k`gi j{ k`f sil ~j|eoi~ job`sgm|jò mol do`~filni cs`yne|jo cz |ei sifm|il {|mdie`flis{& {yke m{bs`g f`kmf n`risogio|{& b`si{|sz {ik|`s&

~`gio igq`~isgio|& q`ris|z silyk'

|jò& eygmo si{`yski{ mol iorjsògio'|mf mbbmjs{& oò n`risogio| `snmojxm'|jò{& lò`s mniokji{ mol giljm siqsi'{io|m|jri/ J| j{ e`qil |em| {yke m ljmf`nyik`yfl ci kò|joyil& {` |em| GLN{ |msni|{qms|jkyfmsfz ~m|is mol {moj|m|jò k`yfl cimkejiril/

%[yggmsjxil bs`g ~`sd{e`q si{yf| Mkejirigio| `b Gjffioojyg

Lirif`qgio| N mf{\es`yne ^m|is [yqqfz mol

Iorjsògio|mf [moj|m|jò Mk|jò Qfmo{ jo Jolòi{jm*

M[ Q@ F M ^


^`sd{e`q ò Mkejirigio| `b

Gjffioojyg Lirif`qgio| N`mf{\es`yne ^m|is [yqqfz mol Iorjsògio|mf

[moj|m|jò Mk|jò Qfmo{ jo Jolòi{jm

\ei si{yf| qs`lykiljo |ei ~`sd{e`q kò{j{|{`b sik`ggiolm|jò b`s

joljkm|jri {|sm|inz&{`fy|jò mol mk|jò qfmo{

sifm|il |` |eigi molj{{yi{ |em| gmz ci

jobfyio|jmf |` ~m|is mol

{moj|m|jò |msni| jo GLN{/



Om|ysmf si{`yski{ gmomnigio|

~ejke j{ |jo|il ~j|e rmsj`y{jo|isi{|{ gmz jo |ei iol fiml |`

kòbfjk|{/ \eisib`si& kòbfjk| gmomni'gio| {e`yfl cik`gi mo joeisio| qms| jo|ei fòn qs`ki{{ `b om|ysmf si{`yski{gmomnigio|/ êjfi j| j{ jo `ys kyf|ysi&kòbfjk|{ |iol |` ci mr`jlil `s irio oin'fik|il/ Simfjxjon |em| kòbfjk| j{ mo ibbik'|ymf qeio`gioò |ej{ c``d m||igq|{ |``bbis |ei {|iq{ |` gmomnjon j|/

\ej{ c``d j{ qsiqmsil bs`g rmsj`y{sibisioki{ mol joj|jm|jri{ jo gmoz qfmki{&

~ejke ~isi mf|is k`gcjoil jo|` {irismf

kòkiq|{& qsjokjqfi{ mol gi|e`l`f`nji{|` eifq jo om|ysmf si{`yski{ gmomnigio|jo Jolòi{jm/ \ei c``d j{ ljrjlil jo|` 2kemq|is{ cinjoojon bs`g |ei {`fy|jò `b oò'kòbsò|m|jò |zqi `b kòbfjk|& lj{'ky{{jò ò |ei gimojon `b kòbfjk|& kò'bfjk| {`fy|jò jokfyljon j|{ {|sion|e mol

~imdoi{{& mol |ei nyjlifjoi{ |` j|{ {`fy'|jò/

\ei gmjo {|sion|e `b |ej{ c``d j{ jo{`fy|jò `b oò'kòbsò|m|jò |zqi `b

kòbfjk| |es`yne giljm|jò/ Jo j|{ fjod'mni ~j|e ^[I[ lirif`qgio| |ej{ c``d j{}yj|i sifirmo| i{qikjmffz ~j|e |ei cinjo'ojon `b |ei igisnioki `b kòbfjk| sifm|il|` ~m|is {`yski gmomnigio|& jokfyljon

^[I[ bmkjfj|z gmomnigio|/

@ @ D JOB@

Jo|insm|jò `b |ei jo|isi{|{ b`s ^joojon FjbiM sibisioki |` |ei gi|e`l`f`nz b`s om|ysmf si{`yski{ kòbfjk| gmomnigio|

C

;; QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

My|e`s{8Jfzm Gìfjò`& Fmssz Bj{keis&

[|ibmo ^`ljkdm& [yq`smemslh`Qycfj{eis8

[|ylj` Lsjzm Giljm jo k``qism|jò~j|e ^`sfl Oijnec`s{&

Kò{`s|jyg Qionigcmonmo Oy{m\ionnmsm ~j|e {yqq`s| bs`g \ei

B`sl B`yolm|jòBjs{| Ilj|jò& 311;

Qmni{8 uuuj $ 3<3 qq

\ej{ c``d m||igq|{ |` kò'|sjcy|i {`gi jlim{ b`s m {y{'|mjomcfi jobsm{|syk|ysi liri'

f`qgio| qs`nsmg `b |ei by|ysi i{qi'

kjmffz jo |ei fjne| `b m {|sm|injkmffz kemonjon iorjsògio|/ \ei gm|isj'mf{ qsi{io|il eisi siqsi{io| |ei ris'mff qjk|ysi `b |ei kòlj|jò{ moljgq`s|mo| bmk|`s{ n`risojon jobsm'{|syk|ysi{ jo Jolòi{jm& jo |ei qm{|&|`lmz mol jo |ei by|ysi/ \ei jobsm'{|syk|ysi k`risil jokfyli{ |smo{q`s|&ioisnz& ifik|sjkj|z& ~m|is si{`yski{mol jssjnm|jò& lsjodjon ~m|is mol{moj|m|jò& |ifigm|jk& e`y{jon& molsifm|il joly{|sz mol {isrjki/

Jobsm{|syk|ysi{ jo Jolòi{jm

My|e`s8[yzò` Ljdyo %il/*

Qycfj{eis8\ei @bbjki `b Cmqqiom{

Bjs{| Ilj|jò& 311;Qmni{8

uuujr $ 922qq/

Cib`si& Lysjon&mol Mb|is |ei

Ksj{j{



\ej{ c``d{ m||igq|{ |` lj{{igjom|i

f`kmf joj|jm|jri{ jo ~m|is gmomni'

gio|& cz |ei f`kmf n`risogio|&

kjrjf k`ggyoj|z& qsjrm|i {ik|`s/ \ei b`'

ky{ `b f`kmf mk|jrj|z j{ risz jgq`s|mo|&irio b`s |ei cjn jo|isom|jòmf `snmojxm|j'

ò/ \ei gmjo {|sion|e `b |ej{ c``d fji{

~j|e |ei rmsji|z `b iumgqfi{ `b f`kmf mk'

|jrj|ji{ yolis rmsj`y{ ljbbisio| `snmojxm'

|jò mol f`kmfj|ji{/ \ei job`sgm|jò qsi'

{io|il jo |ej{ c``d j{ y{ibyf b`s%m* qs`bi{'

{jòmf{& %c* f`kmf n`risogio|& %k*

k``qism|jò `snmojxm|jò/ \ej{ c``d j{

mk|ymffz m kò|joym|jò `b m {jgjfms c``d

io|j|fil #Jlim{ b`s ^m|is M~msioi{{

Kmgqmjno{/# \ei gm|isjmf{ qsi{io|il

kò|mjo{ |ei cm{jk qsjokjqfi{ yolisfzjon

{gmff {kmfi k`ggyoj|z ~m|is {yqqfz

gmomnigio| jokfyljon iumgqfi{ ~ejke j{

ljrjlil jo|` km|in`sji{& ~m|is kò{isrm'

|jò& ~m|is }ymfj|z jgqs`rigio|& mol

kfimo'yq{/ Ci{jli{& |ei lj{ky{{jò mf{`

jokfyli{ |ei jgq`s|moki `b |smo{qmsiokz

jo ~m|is gmomnigio|/ J| j{ mf{` jo|i'

si{|jon |ej{ c``d qs`rjli{ m fj{| `b sibi'siokil gm|isjmf{ {yke m{ c``d{& ~ic{j|i{&

siq`s|{& irio |ei mllsi{{i{ b jo{|j|y|jò{

sifm|il |` ~m|is {yqqfz gmomnigio|/

Jb òi jo|iol{ |` fimso mc`y| ~m|is

{yqqfz gmomnigio| |ej{ c``d qs`ri{

j|{ifb m{ m rmfymcfi {`yski `b job`sgm|jò/

Jb bys|eis job`sgm|jò j{ oiilil |eisi msi

mllsi{{ |` kò|mk| ~ejke kmo ci mkki{{il

|es`yne gmjf& jo|isoi|& mol |ifiqeòi

kòoik|jò/

@ @ D JOB@

Jlim{ b`s F`kmf Mk|jò jo^m|is Gmomnigio|

C

;< QiskjdR`f/ ; Bicsymsz 311<

My|e`s{8

Gms|io rmo J||is{yg mol Bsmod

rmo [|iiocisnio

Qycfj{eis8

Nf`cmf ~m|is Qms|ois{ejqBjs{| Ilj|jò& 311;

Qmni{8

=13 qq



Gjffioojyg Lirif`qgio|

N`mf{8 M k`gqmk| mgòn

om|jò{ |` iol eygmo q`ris|z

e||q8els/yolq/`sn

\

ej{ j{ |ei `bbjkjmf ~ic{j|i

bim|ysjon |ei Eygmo

Lirif`qgio| Siq`s|/\ej{ ~ic{j|i cik`gi{ jgq`s|mo|

cikmy{i j| qs`rjli{ li|mjfil job`sgm|jò

mc`y| qs`nsi{{ mol moz|ejon lòi cz

imke om|jò jo mkejirjon GLN{ ~ejke msi

m{{igcfil jo|` |ei Eygmo Lirif`qgio|

Siq`s| %ELS* 311;/ \ei l`kygio| kmo

ci l`~of`mlil/ \eisi msi gmoz g`si

jo|isi{|jon l`kygio|{ {yke m{ h`ysomf{&

lm|m& c``d{ ~ejke |ei g`{| qms| kmo cil`~of`mlil/

e||q8~~~/yogjffioojygqs`hik|/`sne|gfmc`y|/{e|g

\ei Yoj|il om|jò{ fmyokeil < {|sm|inji{ jo mkejirjon

GLN{& omgifz gjffioojyg qs`hik|& gjffioojyg kmg'

qmjno& mkejirigio| gòj|`sjon jo imke om|jò& mk|jrj|z

k``sljom|jò jo imke om|jò/ \ej{ ~ic{j|i kò|mjo{ iuqfmom|j o `b

òi `b |ei {|sm|inji{& j/i Gjffioojyg Qs`hik| b`s |ei qysq`{i `b qs`lykjon |ei ci{| sik`ggiolm|jò jo mkejirjon GLN{/ Siq`s|

`b imke GLN{ |msni| j{ mf{` jokfylil eisi/ [qikjbjkmffz b`s |msni|

=1 jo|isjg siq`s| %~m|is mol {moj|m|jò* kmo ci mkki{{il jo

e||q8~~~/jogjffioojygqs`hik|/`snl`kygio|{|bjo|isjg/qlb/

[`gi jo|isi{|jon ~`sdjon qmqis{ msi mf{` qsi{io|il eisi fjdi

Gjffioojyg Lirif`qgio| N`mf{ Oiil{ M{{i{{gio|{/

e||q8yo{|m|{/yo/`snyo{lgjgjPn`mf{/m{q

\ej{ siqsi{io|{ |ei ~ic{j|i `b |ei

[|m|j{|jk{ Ljrj{jò `b |ei Yoj|il

Om|jò{& m {ik|jò `b ~ejke

jokfyli{ Gjffioojyg Joljkm|`s{ |em| kò'

|mjo{ libjoj|jò{ `b lsjodjon ~m|is mol

{moj|m|jò& mol |ei sifm|il lm|m fjodil |`

GLN{ `b imke om|jò/

I C[ J\ I JOB@

îc{j|i{ sifm|il |` \msni| =1 `b GLN{

^


Eygmo Lirif`qgio|Siq`s| 311;

G j f f i o o j y g Q s ` h i k |

@|eis sifm|il ~ic{j|i{\ei Yoj|il Om|jò{ Gjffioojyg M{{igcfz e||q8~~~/yo/`sngjffioojyg

Yoj|il Om|jò{ Gjffioojyg Lirif`qgio| N`mf{ e||q8~~~/yo/`sngjffioojygn`mf{ Yoj|il Om|jò{ Ns`yq %YOLN* e||q8~~~/yoln/`snf`njo/kbg

Gjffioojyg Lirif`qgio| N`mf{ K`yo|sz Siq`s|{ e||q8~~~/yolq/`snglnk`yo|szsiq`s|/e|gf

Yoj|il Om|jò{ Lirif`qgio| Qs`nsmggi %YOLQ* e||q8~~~/yolq/`sngln^`sfl Eimf|e @snmojxm|jò %Ê@* e||q8~~~/~e`/jo|glnio

YO'EMCJ\M\ e||q8~~~/yoemcj|m|/`sn @snmojxm|jò b`s Ikò`gjk K``qism|jò mol Lirif`qgio| %@IKL* e||q8~~~/ìkl/`sn

^`sfl Ikò`gjk B`syg e||q8~~~/~ib`syg/`sn Qmsj{3= Kò{`s|jyg e||q8~~~/qmsj{3=/`snoi||is~`sfle`gi/e|g

^m|is mol {moj|m|jò Qs`nsmg e||q8~~~/~{q/`sionfj{eb`ky{gln/e|gf

[`yski YOLQ

[|m|j{| jk{ Ljrj{jò



M

b|is {irismf gii|jon{ eifl m| |ei

Q`dhm [iksi|msjm| |ei b`ff`~jon

mk|jò qfmo em{ ciio mnsiil/ Jo cs`ml fjoi |ei qfmo k`gqsj{i{ |ei b`ff`~'

jon8

=/ [yqq`s| mk|jrj|ji{ |` b`sijno f`'

monsmo| byolil qs`hik|{ {yke m{

^M[Q@FM& ^[FJK'3& Qs`Mjs& K^[E&

mol `|eis{/ \ei mk|jrj|ji{ kò{j{| `b g`'

oj|`sjon mol {yqisrj{jò& k``sljom|jò

gii|jon& ~`sd{e`q& qs`kysigio| b fmc`'

sm|`sz i}yjqgio|/

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Gjoj{|sz `b Eimf|e



Documents

Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine PERCIK February 2004 MDG's New Target Classical Issue