Indian Heroes

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Indian Heroes : Indian Entrepreneurs/BIOGRAPHIES -December 28th, 2006

DhirubhaiAmbani Biography

Born: December 28, 1932

Died: July 6, 2002Achievements: DhiruBhaiAmbani built India'slargest private sector company. Created an equitycult in the Indian capital market. Reliance is thefirst Indian company to feature in Forbes 500 list

DhirubhaiAmbani was the most enterprising Indianentrepreneur. His life journey is reminiscent of therags to riches story. He is remembered as the onewho rewrote Indian corporate history and built atruly global corporate group.

DhirubhaiAmbani alias DhirajlalHirachandAmbaniwas born on December 28, 1932, at Chorwad,Gujarat, into a Modh family. His father was a schoolteacher. DhirubhaiAmbani started hisentrepreneurial career by selling "bhajias" topilgrims in Mount Girnar over the weekends.

After doing his matriculation at the age of 16,Dhirubhai moved to Aden, Yemen. He worked thereas a gas-station attendant, and as a clerk in an oilcompany. He returned to India in 1958 with Rs50,000 and set up a textile trading company.

Assisted by his two sons, Mukesh and Anil,DhiruBhaiAmbani built India's largest private


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sector company, Reliance India Limited, from ascratch. Over time his business has diversified intoa core specialisation in petrochemicals withadditional interests in telecommunications,information technology, energy, power, retail,textiles, infrastructure services, capital markets,and logistics.

DhirubhaiAmbani is credited with shaping India'sequity culture, attracting millions of retail investorsin a market till then dominated by financialinstitutions. Dhirubhairevolutionised capitalmarkets. From nothing, he generated billions ofrupees in wealth for those who put their trust in hiscompanies. His efforts helped create an 'equitycult' in the Indian capital market. With innovativeinstruments like the convertible debenture,Reliance quickly became a favorite of the stock

market in the 1980s.

In 1992, Reliance became the first Indian companyto raise money in global markets, its high credit-taking in international markets limited only byIndia's sovereign rating. Reliance also became thefirst Indian company to feature in Forbes 500 list.

DhirubhaiAmbani was named the IndianEntrepreneur of the 20th Century by the Federationof Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry(FICCI). A poll conducted by The Times of India in2000 voted him "greatest creator of wealth in the

century".

DhirubhaiAmbani died on July 6, 2002, at Mumbai.

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Born: July 29, 1904Died: on November 29, 1993Achievements: He had the honor ofbeing India's first pilot; was Chairmanof Tata & Sons for 50 years; launchedAir India International as India's firstinternational airline; received BharatRatna in 1992.

JRD Tata was one of the mostenterprising Indian entrepreneurs. Hewas a pioneer aviator and built one ofthe largest industrial houses of India.

JRD Tata was born on July 29, 1904 inParis. His mother was a French, whilehis father was Parsi. JRD's full namewas JehangirRatanjiDadabhoy Tataand he was popularly known as Jeh tohis friends. JRD's fatherRatanjiDadabhoy Tata and Sri

Jamsetji Tata shared their greatnessfrom the same great-great-grandfather, ErvadJamsheed Tata, apriest of Navsari.

JRD Tata was the second of fourchildren. He was educated in France,Japan and England before being


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drafted into the French army for amandatory one-year period. JRDwanted to extend his service in theforces but destiny had something elsein store for him. By leaving the Frencharmy JRD's life was saved becauseshortly thereafter, the regiment inwhich he served was totally wiped outduring an expedition in Morocco.

JRD Tata joined Tata & Sons as anunpaid apprentice in 1925. He hasgreat interest in flying. On February10, 1929, JRD became the first Indianto pass the pilot's examination. Withthis distinctive honor of being India'sfirst pilot, he was instrumental ingiving wings to India by building Tata

Airlines, which ultimately became AirIndia. His passion for flying wasfulfilled with the formation of the TataAviation Service in 1932.

In 1938, at the age of 34, JRD waselected Chairman of Tata & Sonsmaking him the head of the largestindustrial group in India. He startedwith 14 enterprises under hisleadership and half a century later onJuly 26, 1988, when he left , Tata &Sons was a conglomerate of 95

enterprises which they either startedor in which they had controllinginterest.

JRD was the trustee of Sir DorabjiTata Trust from its inception in 1932,which remained under his wings forover half a century. Under hisguidance, this Trust established Asia'sfirst cancer hospital, the TataMemorial Center for Cancer, Researchand Treatment, Bombay, 1941. It also

founded the Tata Institute of SocialSciences, 1936 (TISS), the TataInstitute of Fundamental Research,1945 (TIFR), and the National Centerfor Performing Arts.

In 1948, JRD Tata launched Air IndiaInternational as India's firstinternational airline. In 1953, the


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Indian Government appointed JRD asChairman of Air-India and a directoron the Board of Indian Airlines-aposition JRD retained for 25-years.For his crowning achievements inAviation, JRD was bestowed with thetitle of Honorary Air Commodore ofIndia.

In 1956, JRD Tata initiated a programof closer "employee association withmanagement" to give workers astronger voice in the affairs of thecompany. He firmly believed inemployee welfare and espoused theprinciples of an eight-hour workingday, free medical aid, workers'provident scheme, and workmen's

accident compensation schemes,which were later, adopted asstatutory requirements in India.

JRD Tata cared greatly for hisworkers. In 1979, Tata Steelinstituted a new practice; a worker isdeemed to be "at work" from themoment he leaves home for work tillhe returns home from work. Thecompany is financially liable to theworker if any mishap takes place onthe way to and from work. Tata Steel

Township was also selected as a UNGlobal Compact City because of thequality of life, conditions ofsanitation, roads and welfare thatwere offered by Tata Steel.

JRD Tata received a number ofawards. He received the PadmaVibhushan in 1957 on the eve of silver

jubilee of Air India. He also receivedthe Guggenheim Medal for aviation in1988. In 1992, because of his selfless

humanitarian endeavors, JRD Tatawas awarded India's highest civilianhonor, the Bharat Ratna-one of therarest instances in which this awardwas granted during a person'slifetime. In the same year, JRD Tatawas also bestowed with the UnitedNations Population Award for hiscrusading endeavors towards


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initiating and successfullyimplementing the family planningmovement in India, much before itbecame an official government policy.

JRD Tata died in Geneva, Switzerlandon November 29, 1993 at the age of89. On his death, the IndianParliament was adjourned in hismemory-an honor not usually given topersons who are not Members ofParliament.


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Re: Indian Heroes : IndianEntrepreneurs/BIOGRAPHIES - December 28th, 2006

Achievements: Chairman of Godrej Group

Adi Godrej is one of the icons of Indian Industry.He is the chairman of Godrej Group. .Adi Godrejwas born in a business family. His father's namewas Burjorji Godrej and his mother's name wasJai Godrej. More than a century age, the Godrej'swere into manufacturing locks and vegetable-based soaps. The Godrej products were amongthe first indigenously manufactured products todisplace entrenched foreign brands.


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Adi Godrej left India at the age of 17 to enroll atthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Though he planned to study mechanicalengineering but he later on switched tomanagement. After his return to India, AdiGodrej joined the family business. Hemodernized and systematized managementstructures and implemented processimprovements. Adi Godrej took the Godrej Groupto great height during controlled economy era.

After the liberalization process, Adi Godrejrestructured company's policies to meet thechallenges of globalisation. In the early 2000s,the Group completed a 10-year restructuringprocess through which each business became astand-alone company with a CEO/COO fromoutside the Godrej family.

Under Adi Godrej's leadership, the group is alsoinvolved in philanthropic activities. Godrej ismajor supporter of the World Wildlife Fund inIndia, it has developed a green business campusin the Vikhroli township of Mumbai, which

includes a 150-acre mangrove forest and aschool for the children of company employees.



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Born: June 4, 1959Achievement: Chairman of AnilDhirubhaiAmbani Group; Chosen as the'CEO of the Year 2004' in the Platts GlobalEnergy Awards and MTV Youth Icon of the

Year' in September 2003

Anil Ambani is one of the foremostentrepreneurs of Independent India. He isthe Chairman of Anil DhirubhaiAmbaniGroup. Earlier, before the split in theReliance Group, Anil Ambani held the postof Vice Chairman and Managing Director inReliance Industries Limited (RIL).

Born on June 4, 1959, Anil Ambani did hisBachelors in Science from the University of

Bombay and Masters in BusinessAdministration The Wharton School at theUniversity of Pennsylvania.

Anil Ambani joined Reliance in 1983 asCo-Chief Executive Officer. He pioneeredIndia Inc's forays into overseas capitalmarkets with international public offeringsof global depository receipts, convertibles


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and bonds. Starting from 1991, he ledReliance in its efforts to raise, aroundUS$2 billion from overseas financialmarkets. In January 1997, the 100-yearYankee bond issue was launched under hisstewardship.

After the split in Reliance Group, AnilAmbani founded Anil DhirubhaiAmbaniGroup. He is the Chairman of all listedGroup companies, which include: RelianceCommunications, Reliance Capital,Reliance Energy and Reliance NaturalResources Limited.

Anil Ambai was elected as an independentmember RajyaSabha MP in June 2004. Buthe resigned voluntarily on March 25,

2006.

Anil Ambani has won several awards andhonours. Major among these include: 'CEOof the Year 2004' in the Platts GlobalEnergy Awards, 'MTV Youth Icon of theYear' in September 2003, 'TheEntrepreneur of the Decade Award' by theBombay Management Association, and'Businessman of the Year Award' byleading Business Magazine, Business Indiain 1997.


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Achievements: Founder-chairman ofDr Reddy's Group of Companies;Awarded with Padma Shri in 2001.


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Dr. K. Anji Reddy is a pioneer in thepharmaceutical research in India andis founder-chairman of Dr Reddy'sGroup of Companies.

DrKallamAnji Reddy did his B.Sc inPharmaceuticals and Fine chemicals

from Bombay University andsubsequently completed his PhD inChemical Engineering from NationalChemical Laboratory, Pune, in 1969.Dr. K. Anji Reddy served in PSUIndian Drugs and PharmaceuticalsLimited from 1969 to 1975. Dr. Reddywas the founder-Managing Director ofUniloids Ltd from 1976 to 1980 andStandard Organics Limited from 1980to 1984.

In 1984, Dr. K. Anji Reddy founded Dr.

Reddy's Laboratories and soon thecompany established newbenchmarks in the IndianPharmaceutical industry. Dr. Reddy'sLaboratories transformed Indian bulkdrug industry from import-dependentin mid-80s to self-reliant in mid-90sand finally into the export-orientedindustry that it is presently. In 1993,Dr. Reddy's became the first companyto take up drug discovery research inIndia and in April 2001 it became the

first non-Japanese Asianpharmaceutical company to list onNYSE. By the end of fiscal year 2005,Dr. Reddy's Laboratories was India'ssecond largest pharmaceuticalcompany and the youngest among itspeer group.

Presently, Dr. Reddy is a serving


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member of the Prime Minister'sCouncil on Trade & Industry,Government of India, and has beennominated to the Board of NationalInstitute of Pharmaceutical Educationand Research (NIPER).

Dr. K. Anji Reddy is also aphilanthropist. He is the founder-Chairman of Dr. Reddy's Foundationfor Human & Social Development, asocial arm of Dr. Reddy's, which actsas a catalyst of change to achievesustainable development.

Dr. K. Anji Reddy has received manyawards and honors. These include SirPC Ray award (conferred twice, in

1984 and 1992); Federation of AsianPharmaceutical Associations (FAPA)'sFAPA-Ishidate Award forPharmaceutical Research in 1998;leading business magazine BusinessIndia voted him Businessman of theYear in 2001; CHEMTECH Foundationbestowed on him the Achiever of theYear award in the year 2000 and the'Hall of Fame' award in 2005, for hisEntrepreneurship, Leadership andthrust on Innovation; and in 2001, hewas awarded the Padma Shri by the

Government of India.


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Achievements: Chairman of WiproTechnologies; Richest Indian for thepast several years; Honored withPadma Bhushan in 2005.

AzimPremji is Chairman of WiproTechnologies, one of the largestsoftware companies in India. He is anicon among Indian businessmen andhis success story is a source ofinspiration to a number of buddingentrepreneurs.

Born on July 24, 1945,AzimHashimPremji was studyingElectrical Engineering from Stanford

University, USA when due to thesudden demise of his father, he wascalled upon to handle the familybusiness. AzimPremji took over thereins of family business in 1966 at theage of 21.

At the first annual general meeting ofthe company attended byAzeemPremji, a shareholder doubtedPremji's ability to handle business atsuch a young age and publicly advisedhim to sell his shareholding and give

it to a more mature management. Thisspurred AzimPremji and made him allthe more determined to make Wipro asuccess story. And the rest is history.

When AzimPremji occupied the hotseat, Wipro dealt in hydrogenatedcooking fats and later diversified tobakery fats, ethnic ingredient based


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toiletries, hair care soaps, babytoiletries, lighting products andhydraulic cylinders. Thereafter Premjimade a focused shift from soaps tosoftware.

Under AzimPremji's leadership Wiprohas metamorphosed from a Rs.70million company in hydrogenatedcooking fats to a pioneer in providingintegrated business, technology andprocess solutions on a global deliveryplatform. Today, Wipro Technologiesis the largest independent R&Dservice provider in the world.

AzimPremji has several achievementsto his credit. In 2000, Asiaweek

magazine, voted Premji among the 20most powerful men in the world.AzimPremji was among the 50 richestpeople in the world from 2001 to2003 listed by Forbes. In April 2004,Times Magazine, rated him among the100 most influential people in theworld by Time magazine. He is alsothe richest Indian for the past severalyears. In 2005,Government of Indiahonored AzimPremji with PadmaBhushan.


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Born: December 30, 1917Achievement: Founder ofpharmaceutical giant Ranbaxy


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Laboratories Ltd; Awarded withPadma Shri

Bhai Mohan Singh can be called as thedoyen of pharmaceutical industry inIndia. He is the founder ofpharmaceutical giant RanbaxyLaboratories Ltd.

Bhai Mohan Singh was born onDecember 30, 1917 in Rawalpindidistrict. His father BhaiGyan Chandwas a Hindu and his mother SunderDai was a Sikh. Bhai Mohan Singhbegan his business career in theconstruction business during theSecond World War. His firm bagged acontract to build roads in the North

East. After Partition, he leftRawalpindi and settled down in NewDelhi.

Bhai Mohan Singh started business asa moneylender. Ranbaxy was startedby his cousins Ranjit Singh andGurbax Singh. Ranbaxy's name was afusion of Ranjit and Gurbax's names.They were distributors for A.Shionogi, a Japanese pharmaceuticalcompany manufacturing vitamins andanti-TB drugs. When Ranbaxy

defaulted on a loan, Bhai Mohan Singhbought the company on August 1,1952, for Rs 2.5 lakh.

Bhai Mohan Singh collaborated withItalian pharma company Lapetit Spaand later on bought it. Bhai MohanSingh made his mark in thepharmaceuticals industry in the late1960s when he launched his firstsuperbrand, Calmpose.

Calmpose was an imitation of Roche'svalium. But Roche had not patented itin India. In early 1970s when Indianadopted a regime of process patentsin the Bhai Mohan Singh quicklyrealised that one could make anyproduct in the world through reverseengineering. He established an R&Dfacility at Mohali and launched one


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blockbuster pill after the other, suchas Roscillin, Cifran etc.

Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd went publicin 1973. At this time Bhai MohanSingh introduced his eldest sonParvinder Singh in the company, wholater on became the company'sManaging Director in 1982. BhaiMohan Singh also co-founded MaxIndia with his youngest son, AnaljitSingh.

With liberalisation differences arosebetween Bhai Mohan Singh andParvinder Singh over the expansionand professionalisation strategy ofRanbaxy. Subsequently, in 1999 in aboardroom coup of sorts Bhai MohanSingh was forced to bow down andParvider took over the company. Thisbroke Bhai Mohan Singh's spirit andhe retired from active companyaffairs. He died on March 27, 2006.

Bhai Mohan Singh was a former vicepresident of the New Delhi MunicipalCorporation (NDMC) and was awardedthe Padma Shri for his contribution incivic matters. For his contribution tothe industrial development of Punjab,the Punjab Goverment had named anIndustrial Township near Ropar afterBhai Mohan Singh.


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Entrepreneurs/BIOGRAPHIES - December28th, 2006

Achievement: Chairman of the HeroGroup; Honored with Ernst & Young'sEntrepreneur of the Year award in 2001

B.M. Munjal (Brij Mohan LallMunjal) is theChairman of the Hero Group. He is a firstgeneration entrepreneur who started verysmall and through sheer hard work andperseverance made it to the top. Today,Hero Group is the largest manufacturer oftwo-wheelers in the world and Brij Mohan

LalMunjal is the man widely credited with

its success.

B.M. Munjal's journey began in 1944 atthe age of 20. BrijMohanlall along with histhree brothers, Dayanand (32), Satyanand(27) and Om Prakash (16) moved from hisbirthplace Kamalia in Pakistan toAmritsar. The brothers started supplyingcomponents to the local bicycle business.After partition in 1947, the family wasforced to move to Ludhiana. The town ofLudhiana was already a major hub of theIndian bicycle business and an importanttextile center. The Munjals slowly spreadtheir bicycle component distributionnetwork in other parts of the country andbecame one of India's largest bicycleparts suppliers. In 1952 Munjals made ashift from supplying to manufacturing.They started manufacturing handlebars,front forks and chains.

In 1956, the Punjab state governmentannounced the issue of twelve newindustrial licenses to make bicycles inLudhiana. The Munjal brothers cashed onthis opportunity. Helped by the Punjabgovernment financing of Rs 600,000 tosupplement their own limited capitalresources, the Munjals set up Hero Cycles.Hero Cycles was registered as a 'large-scale industrial unit' and it initiallyproduced 7,500 units per year.

Soon Hero Cycles started giving well-


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established players such as Raleigh, HindCycles, and Atlas Cycles a run for theirmoney. The hero cycle was comparativelycheaper and was sturdy and reliable. Itgave the customers value for their money.

In January 1984, Japan's Honda, theworld's largest manufacturer ofmotorcycles, elicited interest incollaborating with the Hero Group tomanufacture motor cycles in India. Anagreement was signed and on 13 April1985, the first Hero Honda motorbike wasrolled out. Today, the company is thelargest manufacturer of motorcycles in theworld.

For his outstanding contribution to thesuccess of Hero Group, B.M. Munjal washonored with Ernst & Young's

Entrepreneur of the Year award in 2001


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Born: April 10, 1894Achievement: Laid the foundations ofthe Birla Empire; founder of theFederation of Indian Chambers ofCommerce and Industry (FICCI).


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Ghanshyam Das Birla is considered asa doyen of Indian Industry. He wasthe man who laid the foundations ofthe Birla Empire. G.D. Birla was amulti-faceted personality. He was a

close associate of Mahatma Gandhiand advised Gandhiji on economicpolicies. He was the most importantpre-Independence contributor to theIndian National Congress. GhanshyamDas Birla was the founder of theFederation of Indian Chambers ofCommerce and Industry (FICCI). He isalso popularly known as the builder ofBirla Mandirs.

Born on April 10, 1894, G.D. Birla, wasa native of Pilani. His grandfatherShiv Narayan Birla was a traditionalmarwari moneylender. GhanshyamDas Birla entered the business arenaduring the time of First World War. Heestablished a cotton mill inSabziMandi, and later on establishedKeshoram Cotton Mills. Along withcotton mills he diversified to jutebusiness and shifted his base toCalcutta city in Bengal, the world'slargest jute producing region. Heestablished Birla Jute Mills in Bengal,

much to the consternation ofestablished European merchants.

In 1919, with an investment of Rs. 50lakhs, the Birla Brothers Limited wasformed and a mill was set up inGwalior. In 1930s, G.D. Birla set upSugar and Paper mills. In 1940s, heventured into the territory of cars and


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established Hindustan Motors. Afterindependence, Ghanshyam Das Birlainvested in tea and textiles through aseries of acquisitions of erstwhileEuropean companies. He alsoexpanded and diversified into cement,chemicals, rayon and steel tubes.

Ghanshyam Das Birla also foundedseveral educational institutions. BirlaInstitute of Technology and Sciences(BITS) Pilani has today evolved intoone of India's best engineeringschools. He also established manytemples, planetariums, and hospitals.Ghanshyam Das Birla died in 1983 atthe age of 90. In his honour, G.D.Birla award for scientific Research has

been established to encouragescientists for their contribution in thevarious fields of scientific Research.


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Achievement: Man behind the hugelysuccessful brand, Nirma.

Karsanbhai Patel is the man behindthe hugely successful brand, Nirma.His' is a legendary rags to riches

journey during which he shatteredestablished business theories andrewrote new ones.

KarsanbhaiKhodidas Patel (K.K. Patel)came from a humble farmer family


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from Mehsana, Gujarat. He worked asLab Assistant in the Geology andMining Department of the Governmentof Gujarat. In 1969, at the age of 25,KarsanBhai Patel started a small-scaleenterprise. He offered a qualitydetergent powder, using indigenoustechnology, at a third of the prevailingprice, without compromising on theproduct. Karsanbhai named thedetergent powder Nirma afterdaughter Nirupama.

At that time domestic detergentmarket was limited only to premiumsegment and was dominated by MNCs.Karsanbhai Patel started door-to-doorselling of Nirma and priced it at Rs. 3

per kg. The next available cheapestbrand in the market at that time wasRs.13 per kg. Nirma revolutionizedthe whole detergent powder segmentand in a short span of time created anentirely new market segment in thedomestic detergent sector market. Itgave the bigger established brands arun for their money and soonoccupied the top market share. To addto all this, Nirma was made of aninnovative formulation, which globaldetergent giants were later on

compelled to emulate, it wasphosphate free and henceenvironment friendly, and the processof manufacturing was labourintensive, which offered large scaleemployment.

Karsanbhai notched up one successafter another. After establishing itsleadership in economy-priceddetergents, Nirma foray into thepremium brand segment, in cakes and

detergents was equally successful. Itbuilt up a 30% market share in thepremium detergent segment andachieved a greater than 20% share inthe premium soaps market.

Karsanbhai Patel has won manyaccolades on his way to success. TheFederation of Association of Small


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Scale Industries of India, New Delhi,awarded him with the 'UdyogRatna'.The Gujarat Chamber of Commercefelicitated him as an 'OutstandingIndustrialist of the Eighties'. TheGovt. of India twice appointed himChairman of the Development Councilfor Oils, Soaps & Detergents.

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