India: History and Culture

Please title page 59, “India: British Rule and Independence,” and page

60, “India: Culture.”

Quick Review: Matching

1. Gangetic Plain2. Ganges3. Deccan Plateau4. Aryan5. Mughal6. Britain

a. Islamic empire; Taj Mahalb. In the south of India.

Surrounded by E. & W. Ghatsc. Developed India’s

infrastructure.d. Brought India its pantheon.e. Holy to Hindus.f. Fertile area.

Independence

• Indians treated as second class citizens– No voting rights

• Attempts by Indians to act politically are unsuccessful

Independence

• Mahatma Gandi (1930s and 40s)– Nonviolent, noncooperation

Write in your notebook:

Why is nonviolent, noncooperation sometimes effective? What circumstances might make it ineffective?

Gandhi on WWII

“I would like you to lay down the arms you have as being useless for saving you or humanity. You will invite Herr Hitler and Signor Mussolini to take what they want of the countries you call your possessions...If these gentlemen choose to occupy your homes, you will vacate them. If they do not give you free passage out, you will allow yourselves, man, woman, and child, to be slaughtered, but you will refuse to owe allegiance to them.”

• India declared independent 1947• Partition of India– Muslim minority wants independence from India– India divided into East Pakistan and West Pakistan

(today Bangladesh)– Mass chaos and rioting• 15 million displaced• 1 million killed in rioting