Index Card Summaries for MOH 1

The Mystery of History, Volume 1 Page 1

Lesson 1 Creation c. 4004 BC

Day 1 Night and day

Day 2 heaven or firmament

Day 3 seas and earth: grass and trees

Day 4 sun, moon, stars

Day 5 sea creatures and birds

Day 6 animals and man Day 7 God rested


Lesson 2 Adam and Eve c. 4004 BC

God created the first two people, parents to

Cain and Abel.

Adam lived to be over 900 years old.

When they sinned, they were ashamed. Sin and

death entered the world; man was cursed to

work; woman was cursed with birth pains.


Lesson 3 Jubal and Tubal-Cain (10 Generations

After Adam)

Jubal was the father of all who play harp and

flute; he was a musician.

Tubal-Cain was the father of bronze work and

iron making.


Lesson 4 Noah and the Worldwide Flood c. 2349 BC

8 people were on the ark: Ham, Shem, and

Japheth, their wives, and Mr. and Mrs. Noah; they

had never seen rain before the flood. The earth

grew colder after the flood. Noah helped to

save the human race and all the animals. God

gave the rainbow as a sign of His promise to

never flood the entire earth again.


Lesson 5 The Ice Age c. 2300-1600 BC

The Ice Age ended slowly, lasting about 1000

years. Humanity lived through it. Only portions

of the earth were covered with glaciers. We

don’t know the exact date. Exposed land

bridges allowed humans and animals to travel

from continent to continent.


Lesson 6 Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs were created on the 5th and 6th days of

Creation.

Most dinosaurs died after the worldwide flood.

The word “dinosaur” means “terrible lizard”; Mary

Mantell discovered the first tooth fossil in modern

times.


Lesson 7 The Sumerians c. 2300 BC

Sumer was located in the Fertile Crescent, which

is the land between the Tigris and Euphrates

rivers. Sumer was also called Mesopotamia. The

people had running water, schools, and a written

language using a wedge-shaped alphabet

called cuneiform writing; they built flattened

pyramids called ziggurats. This was an early

civilization that appeared after the Flood.


Lesson 8 The Tower of Babel c. 2242 BC

Located in Mesopotamia, “Babel” means

“confusion”. The true story is found in Genesis. The

people had incredible intelligence and knowledge,

and decided they would build a tower to heaven

and their gods. God destroyed this tower and

scattered the people by instantly causing them to

speak in many languages so they had to form people groups based on their languages.


Lesson 9 The Epic of Gilgamesh c. 2000 BC

Epic = a long poem. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a

fictional story about creation and a flood.

Gilgamesh is the king in the story. Utnapishtim

built a great ship covered with pitch. Gilgamesh

fell asleep under a tree, and then awoke to find

that eternal life had been stolen by a snake.

Worldwide, there are over 270 flood stories that

exist.


Quarter 2 ~ Lesson 10 Stonehenge c. 2000 BC

Stonehenge is a structure made of huge rocks,

also called a megalith. Stonehenge was used to

mark the summer and winter solstices or seasons,

as well as used for other purposes that we don’t

entirely know.


Lesson 11 Early Egyptians 3rd and 4th Centuries BC

King Khufu decided to he wanted to be buried in a

pyramid-type of structure, so pyramids were built as

tombs. Kheops’ pyramid is one of the Seven Ancient

Wonders of the world.

During the process of mummification, the brain

was thrown away and the heart was preserved

because they thought that was what man used to

think.


Lesson 12 The Minoan Civilization 2000 BC

According to legend, the King kept a minotaur

which is a half-bull, half-man creature for a

dangerous sport called “bull leaping”. He also

built the palace of Knossos. The Minoan

civilization was located on the island of Crete,

which is a stepping stone between Asia and

Europe.


Lesson 13 Abraham 1922 BC

Abraham’s name means “father of a great

nation”. Abraham left Ur in the country of Sumer

to go where God told him. He married Hagar,

and she gave birth to Ishmael; He was father to

Isaac by his wife, Sarah. Abraham’s nephew, Lot,

was told to leave Sodom and Gomorrah.


Lesson 14 Jacob and Esau 1836 BC

Jacob worked 7 years for Rachel but was given Leah

instead for his bride. He worked 7 more years in order to

marry Rachel. Jacob and his two wives had 12 sons;

Joseph, one of their sons, was loved most by Rebekah, his

mom. Jacob’s was changed to Israel, so the Israelites

received their name from Jacob (Israel). Esau (Jacob’s

twin brother) was a hairy redhead; he was loved most by

Isaac, his father. Esau’s descendants became known as the Edomites.


Lesson 15 Joseph 1728 BC

Joseph was the son of Jacob and Rachel. He was

thrown into a well and then sold into slavery by his

brothers; Rachel died in childbirth with Benjamin,

Joseph’s youngest brother. While in slavery in Egypt,

Joseph was accused by Potipher’s wife and was sent

to prison. Later, he saved his own family from dying

during the drought. His family moved to Egypt at his request.


Lesson 16 Hammurabi 1792 BC

Hammurabi was known for writing a code of 300

laws, one which included a minimum wage to

pay workers.


Lesson 17 The Israelites in Slavery date unknown

While the Israelites were slaves in Egypt, they

made bricks for large building projects. The

Israelites increased in number and called

themselves Hebrews. They were enslaved for

about 400 years in Egypt before the Exodus.


Lesson 18 China and the Shang Dynasty c. 1600-

1046 BC

A dynasty is a term for a family that rules a

country; Xia was the first, Shang the second in

China (about 600 years). During the Shang

Dynasty, they developed an alphabet with more

than 50,000 figures. China is cut off from other

countries by the natural barriers of mountains,

desert and oceans.


Quarter 3 ~ Lesson 19 Moses and the Exodus

1491 BC

“Moses” means “to draw out”. Idolatry (false

worship) was the type of religion in Egypt. The

Passover lamb rituals began during the Exodus;

the story is found in the book of Exodus.


Lesson 20 The Ark of the covenant and the

Tabernacle 1491 BC

The Tabernacle was a worship tent used while in

the wilderness. The High Priest was only allowed

in the Holy of Holies on the Day of Atonement.

The Tabernacle contained symbols that

represent Christ. It had 3 main divisions, and it

was a dwelling place for God; used for 40 years.


Lesson 21 Joshua, Jericho, and Rahab 1451 BC

During Joshua’s battle at the city of Jericho, the

men marched around the city for 6 days and

shouted on the 7th day, and the walls of Jericho

fell down!

Rahab protected the Hebrew spies from the men

of Jericho, so she and her family were rescued.


Lesson 22 Amenhotep IV and Nefertiti 1353 BC

Egyptians worshipped only one sun god;

Amenhotep gave himself a new name,

“Akhenaton” which meant “pious servant of

Aten”. They lived during the Early New Kingdom

in Egypt.


Lesson 23 King Tut 1333 BC

King Tut’s coffin had 4 layers. The third was made

of 2,500 pounds of gold. His tomb was

discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter; Tut had

married the daughter of Nefertiti as a boy.


Lesson 24 Ramses II (the Great) 1304-1237 BC

Ramses II was the Pharaoh of the Later New

Kingdom. He was known as a great builder. He

built the temple at Abu Simbel and the Great Hall

at Karnack. Eventually, a lack of iron for building

weapons led to the decline of Egypt.


Lesson 25 Legend of the Trojan Horse c. 1200-1184 BC

A legend written by Homer about a war over Helen that lasted

over 10 years. In this legend, a giant wooden horse was built by

the Greeks and delivered as a gift to the Trojans. The Trojans

looked at this as a victory and celebrated. That night, after the

celebration, the soldiers who were hiding inside the giant horse

snuck out and opened the gates for more soldiers and killed the

Trojans. A man named Schliemann found evidence of the

ancient city of Troy.


Lesson 26 Ruth and Naomi c. 1200 BC

Ruth was married to Naomi’s son. When he died,

Ruth devoted herself to Naomi and moved to

Naomi’s hometown with her. Because Ruth’s

husband had died, the nearest male relative had

the duty to act as a kinsmen-redeemer and

marry the widow. Boaz was a rich man who was

Ruth’s kinsmen redeemer.


Lesson 27 Gideon 1199 BC

Gideon was a judge over Israel. God called him

to form an army of 300 men to fight the

Midianites. His men were to take horns, torches,

and clay pots and surround the Midianites in the

middle of the night. All at once, they were to

blow the horns, break the pots, and raise the

torches. The Midianites were so afraid that some

of them killed themselves while others fled.


Quarter 4 ~ Lesson 28 Samson 1117 BC

Samson was a Hebrew judge betrayed to the

Philistines by Delilah, his wife, who deceived him and

cut his hair. He was a Nazarite, which meant he had

3 vows: never drink alcohol, never touch something

dead, and never cut his hair. He had great strength.

He was called by God to fight the Philistines. He was

put in prison but ended up killing many Philistines when he pushed the pillars down.


Lesson 29 Zhou (Chou) Dynasty c. 1046-256 BC

This dynasty was formed after the Shang dynasty

was overthrown by King Wen’s son, King Wu. The

Zhou Dynasty was divided into the Eastern and

Western dynasties. They believed in a Mandate

of Heaven that would make them victorious but

could be taken away if they acted badly. This

dynasty lasted about 800 years.


Lesson 30 Samuel 1095 BC

Samuel’s mother, Hannah, dedicated him as a

child, to God. Samuel went to live at the temple

with Eli as a boy. He heard from God as a child

and grew up to be a prophet/judge who

anointed Saul the first king of Israel. Samuel was

the last judge over Israel.


Lesson 31 King Saul 1095 BC

Saul was the first king of Israel. He started out in

an honorable way but then turned his heart

against God. King Saul first met David when

David came to sing for him. He later began to

hate David. Saul was anointed by Samuel, the

last judge over Israel.


Lesson 32 David 1055 BC

As a young man, David killed a bear with his

hands to protect his flock of sheep. Later, he

killed Goliath when no one else would fight him.

David became a great king. He is described by

God as a man after God’s own heart; David

wrote many of the Psalms.


Lesson 33 Solomon 1015 BC

Solomon was King David’s son. Solomon asked

God for wisdom. He wrote the books of

Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, and most of

Proverbs. His greatest downfall was his love for

women.


Lesson 34 The Phoenicians c. 1000 BC

The Phoenicians were known for their alphabet,

from which our alphabet came. They invented

and perfected the process of making glass, and

they also made large amounts of red/purple dye

from a certain type of rotten snails.


Lesson 35 The Kingdom of Israel Divides 975 BC

After Solomon’s reign, his son Rehoboam was

cruel to the people while he reigned. Ten of the

tribes rebelled and selected their own king,

Jeroboam. The Northern Kingdom was led by

Jeroboam and kept the name Israel; the capital

was Samaria. The Southern Kingdom was led by

Rehoboam and was called Judah; the capital

was Jerusalem.


Lesson 36 Elijah 896 BC

Elijah was a prophet to the Northern Kingdom

during the reign of King Ahab. For three years, it

didn’t rain until Elijah prayed to God for rain.

Elijah also called down fire from heaven to light a

sacrifice on Mount Carmel. Elijah was nearly killed

by Jezebel after that. However, Elijah didn’t die

as all humans die; God took him to heaven in a

chariot of fire.


Lesson 37 Elisha 895 BC

Elisha received Elijah’s anointing from God to be

the next prophet. He performed many miracles

(like Jesus): Pools of water; healing of Naaman’s

leprosy; raised to life the Shunamite woman’s

son. He was buried too close to another man

and that man came back to life.


Lesson 38 Joel and Obadiah Exact Date

Unknown; 587 BC

Joel was a prophet to Judah, the Southern

Kingdom. He wrote parts of the Bible during a

locust plague.

Obadiah spoke to the Edomites, who were

descendents of Esau. Edomites were wiped out

because they didn’t worship the one true God.


39 Homer c. 800 BC

Homer was a blind bard from Greece. A bard is

a person who writes epics and retells them as a

form of historical entertainment and passing on

the knowledge of a culture.


Lesson 40 India and Hinduism Date Unknown

Their epics are called Vedas. The law of Karma is

a belief in rebirth after death into other people

and animals (called reincarnation). The caste

system was used in India: 4 classes of people

were created because of the prejudice between

the light-skinned Aryans and dark-skinned

Dravidians. Their primary religion is Hinduism.


Lesson 41 Olympic Games 776 BC

The Olympic Games was an athletic competition

started in Greece to honor the Greek god, Zeus.

While it began as foot races run in the nude, it

later included a pentathlon event featuring 5

events.


Lesson 42 Jonah and Amos c. 760 BC; 808 BC

Jonah was called by God to tell Nineveh to repent from their

wickedness, but instead, Jonah tried to hide in Tarshish from God.

Jonah ended up in the belly of a great fish, and he was the first

prophet to Nineveh after the fish spit him out.

Amos, the prophet, was a fig farmer who lived in Judah but was

told by God to go to Israel to speak for Him. Unlike Jonah, he

obeyed; he was kicked out of the city by the priest.


Lesson 43 The City of Rome 748 BC

Rome was a city founded by the Etruscans and

Latins on the plain of the Tiber River. The

language they spoke was called Latin. Wishing

on a wish bone was a tradition that started here!

Rome would later become one of the world’s

largest empires.


Lesson 44 Isaiah and Micah (Judah’s Prophets) 740 BC; 735 BC

Isaiah was a well-educated prophet of Judah. He

wrote a book of the Bible that resembles a small Bible

in itself because of its length and format.

Micah was a prophet known for the prophecy of

where Jesus would be born; by trade, he was a farmer.


Lesson 45 Israel falls to Assyria 721 BC

27,290 Israelites were deported from Israel to

Assyria and were replaced by foreigners called

Samaritans. The Israelites were deported

because of their refusal to honor, obey, and

follow God.


Lesson 46 Hosea (Israel’s Prophet) c. 721 BC

Hosea was a prophet of Israel. Hosea spoke for

God, telling the people not to sin and that God

loved them. God told him to marry a harlot

named Gomer who was unfaithful to him but

Hosea still loved her, as a picture of God’s

faithfulness to Israel despite their sin as a nation.


Lesson 47 Hezekiah and Sennacherib 701 BC

Hezekiah was one of the good kings of Judah. He

turned to God and asked for help when

Sennacherib, king of Assyria, tried to conquer

Judah.


Lesson 48 Ancient Native Americans c. 700 BC

4 major groups of native Americans:

1) Paleo Indians: roamed NA as far back as 5000

BC. Followed herds of animals for food and skins.

2) Archaic Indians: more settled, dried their

meat and harvested grain.


(Lesson 48 - Ancient Native Americans, Card 2)

3) Adena Indians: farmed, made pottery, built

burial mounds.

4) Hopewell Indians: built many mounds, earning

themselves the name “Mound Builders”, farmed

corn and tobacco; Great Serpent Mound is

located in Ohio.


Lesson 49 The Rise of Athens and Sparta c. 700-

500 BC

Athens and Sparta were two city-states in

Greece that were constantly at odds. Athenians

loved drama, music, and all forms of art. They

believed in education and had great schools of

thinking. A huge rocky hill called the Acropolis

(which means High City) overlooks Athens. The

Parthenon is built here.


(Lesson 49 – The Rise of Athens and Sparta, Card

2)

The city of Sparta was strong because their

members believed in training men for battle. The

Spartans lived very strict lives, feared their

neighbors, and taught their children to be tough.


Lesson 50 Manasseh 677 BC

Mannasseh was the king of Judah, son of

Hezekiah. He depended on the counsel of older

men to rule the country since he was only 12

when he began to reign. He was one of the worst

kings. When he was captured by the king of the

Assyrians, he turned to God and God forgave

him. He spent the rest of his days trying to repair

the damage he had done to Judah.


Lesson 51 The Powers of Mesopotamia 668-626

BC

The Assyrians and Babylonians ruled this area.

The Assyrians spoke Aramaic and were great

warriors. The Babylonians were excellent

mathematicians.


Lesson 52 King Josiah 630 BC

Josiah was a godly king of Judah, destroying

false idols and alters to Baal. He restored

Solomon’s temple and discovered the Book of

the Law, which he had it read aloud to the

people. He died at the age of 39.


Lesson 53 Nahum and Zephaniah 630 BC; 629 BC

Nahum, the 2nd prophet to Nineveh, wrote a book of the

Bible to warn the people of Nineveh of their wickedness.

He lived during the reign of Josiah; his name means “comfort.”

Zephaniah was prophet during the reign of Josiah, but his

message was to Jerusalem who appeared to be loyal to

God but inwardly they were lost; was the great-great-grandson of Hezekiah and cousin to Josiah.


Lesson 54 Jeremiah (Judah’s Prophet) 629 BC

Jeremiah lived during the reign of the last 5 kings

of Judah, before the nation collapsed. He was

forbidden twice from preaching. He wrote the

book of Lamentations. He was known as the

weeping prophet. He used a filthy waistcloth to

display the sin of Judah. He endured many trials

including being put in prison, exile, and being

locked in stocks.


Lesson 55 Nineveh destroyed 626 BC

Niniveh was located near the Tigris River.

Nineveh was founded after the flood by Nimrod,

Noah’s great grandson. Ninevah ad a 100 ft.

wall with high towers so wide that 3 chariots

could ride on top of it. A huge flood that had

been prophesied caused part of the wall to

erode and collapse.


Lesson 56 Habakkuk and Huldah 609 BC; 7th

Century BC

God enabled Habakkuk to write about the sin of

the people in the book of Habakkuk, found in the

Bible. God told him He had a plan to use the

Chaldeans (Babylonians) to get Israel’s attention;

Habakkuk lived in Judah. Huldah was a

prophetess (woman prophet) who verified that

the Book of the Law that Josiah found was real.


Lesson 57 The Babylonian Captivity 605, 599, 588

BC

Nebuchadnezzar II, king of Babylon, captured

Judah’s king, Jehoikim. He also took Daniel and

some other youths as slaves. It took 3 sieges

before Judah completely fell. The last king of

Judah before the complete takeover by Babylon

was Zedekiah. Zedekiah watched his sons be

killed and then he was blinded.


Lesson 58 Nebuchadnezzar II and the Hanging

Gardens 605 BC; 570 BC

Nebuchadnezzar II was a great builder. He built the Ishtar Gate

which was made of blue, glazed brick with pictures of lions and

dragons on it. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon was a huge

ziggurat with plants and trees covering it. It is one of the 7

Wonders of the Ancient World.

Nebuchadnezzar II was driven mad by God and had to live like

an animal for 7 years because of his pride. His hair became like

eagle feathers and his nails like bird claws.


Lesson 59 Daniel 604 BC

Daniel was carried away as a youth (14-15) to

Babylon during the first siege. They were forced

to eat the king’s food, but Daniel and his friends

asked to eat fruits and vegetables and became

stronger. He was thrown into the lion’s den for

not praying to the king. Danial saw many visions

from God, including seeing the 4 great empires;

his Babylonian name was Belteshazzar.


Lesson 60 Aesop’s Fables c. 600 BC

Aesop was a slave in Greece who was a master

story teller. He used fables about animals to

teach moral lessons. He was eventually

murdered by the people of Delphi.


Lesson 61 Ezekiel 595 BC

Ezekiel was carried into captivity in Babylon as a

young man. He lived along the Chebar River.

Five years later, he became a prophet whom

God gave a vision and told him to eat a scroll.

He prophesied over a valley of dry bones and

they came to life. Saw a “wheel within a wheel.”


Lesson 62 Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego

Mid-6th Century BC

These young men were friends of Daniel who

were also taken captive. They refused to bow to

Nebuchadnezzar II and were thrown into a

furnace but didn’t die because God protected

them. These are their new names of Babylonian

gods; their real names were Hananiah, Mishael,

Azariah.


Lesson 63 Buddha c. 563 BC

Buddha was born in 563 to a wealthy family in

India. As an adult, he sat under a tree for 7 days

until he felt he was enlightened with “the truth.”

He changed his name to “Buddha” which means

“enlightened one.” He developed an 8-fold path

that supposedly led to Nirvana…a state of mind

that is supposed to bring peace.


Lesson 64 Pythagoras and the Temple of Diana

547 BC; 550 BC

Pythagoras developed the Pythagorean theory: a2 + b2=

c2. He believed the earth was round, that numbers could

explain everything, and that reincarnation existed. He was

from Greece.

The Temple of Diana is another of the 7 Wonders of the

Ancient World. It was a marble temple built as a monument to the goddess, Diana, also known as Artemis.


Lesson 65 Confucius 547 BC

Confucius was born in Lu, China, and was called

Kung-Fu-tzu. He compiled a book called The Five

Classics that included his ideas for making China

a better place.


Lesson 66 Belshazzar and Cyrus the Great 539 BC;

538 BC

Belshazzar was put in charge by his father because his

father liked archaeology better than being king.

Belshazzar drank from the gold and silver goblets

stolen from Solomon’s temple. At a feast he held, a

hand appeared and wrote on the wall. Daniel

interpreted the writing that told of Belshazzar’s death due to his disrespect toward God.


(Lesson 66 – Belshazzar and Cyrus the Great,

cont.)

Cyrus the Great invaded Babylon that night and

killed Belshazzar; Cyrus was used by God to set

the Jews free from the Babylonian Captivity.


Lesson 67 Darius I 522 BC

Darius ruled over the Medo-Persian Empire; his official title

was “Shahanshah” which means “king of kings.” He

organized the empire into 20 satrapies; introduced silver

and gold coins; built better roads, and designed the 1st

postal service. Had words and pictures inscribed on a

giant carving called the Behistun Rock. He was the father-

in-law to Esther. Rediscovered and used the decree from

Cyrus the Great to help the Jews fight off enemies and rebuild the temple.


Lesson 68 Zerubbabel 520 BC

Zerubbabel was a true servant of God. He was

grandson of Jehoiachin, one of the last 3 kings of

Judah. Zerubbabel was a governor of Judah

who rebuilt the temple.


Lesson 69 Haggai and Zechariah 520 BC

Haggai was a prophet who helped Zerubbabel rebuild the

temple; Haggai wrote the book of Haggai in the Bible to show

that God could still work miracles and that God wanted to bless

the people again.

Zechariah was a priest and prophet whose name means

“Jehovah remembers.” His book of the Bible tells of 7 visions that

reveal how much God loves His people. Zechariah prophesied the Lord’s coming to earth through Jesus Christ.


Lesson 70 The Roman Republic 510 BC

The Roman Republic developed so that one man

wouldn’t have so much power. Two rulers called

“consuls” were chosen. They had to agree on

big decisions. They appointed men to a senate

who gave advice to the consuls. There was a

class system: patricians were the upper class,

and plebeians were the lower class.


Lesson 71 The Battle of Marathon 490 BC

Darius I of Persia conquered Ionia on the coast of Turkey even

though the nearby Greeks tried to help. He then marched over

to the plain of Marathon, 25 miles from Athens, Greece, to try to

fight them, too. The Greeks charged and ran the Persians back to

their ships, defeating Darius I. In order to keep the Persians from

trying to attack Athens, the leader of the Greek army sent their

fastest runner, Pheidippides, to Athens to announce the victory.

He gave the news and fell down dead. The term “marathon”

came to mean a long race of 26 miles.


Lesson 72 Herodotus c 484 BC

Herodotus was called “the father of history”

because he studied and wrote about the events

of the past and things going on around him. He

was born in Ionia, Greece. Ionia is now known as

Asia Minor or Turkey.


Lesson 73 Xerxes I 480 BC

Xerxes I was the son of Darius I. He hated the

Greeks like his father; he wanted to have a

surprise attack, so he lined up his boats side by

side across the Hellespont and had a bridge

placed on top of them so his army could cross

over. This was called a floating bridge


Lesson 74 Esther date unknown

Esther was a young Jewish orphan girl who lived with her

cousin, Mordecai. She was chosen by Xerxes to be the new

queen. She discovered a plot by Xerxes’ top aid, Haman,

to kill the Jews, so she went before the king to plead for her

people. The king granted her request and she was able to

warn the Jews they were going to be killed, so they were

prepared to fight and were spared. Jews today celebrate

Purim to remember Esther.


Lesson 75 The Golden Age of Athens 478-399 BC

The Golden Age of Athens was also called the

Golden Age of Greece. This was 50 great years

in the history of Greece. Dionysia was an annual

Greek theater event that was held. Great

contributions from mathematicians, philosophers,

scholars, doctors, and architects were made.

The Parthenon was one of the greatest buildings

built on top of the Acropolis in Athens.


Lesson 76 Socrates c 469-399 BC

Socrates was one of the greatest Greek

philosophers who lived during the Golden Age.

He was arrested for his teaching and was

sentenced to death. His students tried to sneak

him out of prison but failed. He was forced to

commit suicide by drinking hemlock poison.


Lesson 77 Hippocrates and the Statue of Zeus ?-

377 BC; c. 456 BC

Hippocrates was named “the father of

medicine.” He began to approach medicine

more scientifically than religiously. He held beliefs

about the way doctors should care for patients

that were written down and became known as

the Hippocratic Oath. One belief was that

woman would not get abortions.


(Lesson 77, Card 2: Hippocrates and the Statue

of Zeus)

The statue of Zeus was also one of the other 7

Wonders of the Ancient World. Built by Phidias in

Olympia, it was 40 feet high. Zeus was the “king”

of the Greek gods. The statue stood for about

800 years but was burned in 476 AD.


Lesson 78 Ezra and Artaxerxes 467 BC

Jewish priest and scribe given permission to

return to Judah by King Artaxerxes of Persia who

was the son of Xerxes I. Artaxerxes’ nickname

was Longimanus or “long-handed” because he

had a deformed hand. Ezra and his caravan of

10,000 Jews and treasures crossed the desert

from Babylonia to Judah without bodyguards.

They prayed for safety, and God answered them.


Lesson 79 Nehemiah 454 BC

Nehemiah, aJew, lived in Persia and was a

cupbearer to King Artaxerxes. When he heard

that Jerusalem was having trouble with their

neighbors, he asked the king if he could go and

help rebuild the walls. The king sent him off with

supplies, and the walls were rebuilt in 52 days.


Lesson 80 Pericles 443-429 BC

Well-loved Greek statesman; Pericles was a

military commander knows as a strategoi. He

was treated and loved as a king even though he

didn’t have that authority. He died from the

plague while in Athens.


Lesson 81 Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC

A war between the Athens and Spartans; in

anticipation of war, the Athenians built brick walls

called “the Long Walls” from Athens to the sea to

keep the Spartans out. 15 years after the war

started, one of Athens’ leaders fled to Sparta as

a traitor. By 405 BC, the Spartans had wiped out

the Athenian navy with a surprise attack.


Lesson 82 Malachi Mid-5th Century BC

Malachi was the last prophet of the Old

Testament, and he also wrote the last book of the

Old Testament. In this book, God rebuked the

Israelites for the way they gave their offerings; he

scolded the priests for not being true to God and

leading others astray. He told the people of his

hatred for divorce. He also told them he was

sending a messenger in the future.


Lesson 83 Plato and Aristotle c 427-347 BC; 384-

322 BC

Both were from Greece. Plato is a nickname meaning “broad

shouldered’; his real name was Aristocles. He was a student of

Socrates. He started the first university ever established and called

it the Academy.

Aristotle was Plato’s student, and he stayed at the Academy for

20 years. He was Alexander the Great’s teacher. He started a

school called the Lyceum. The students here would walk around

and think aloud.


Lesson 84 Philip II of Macedonia and the

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus 359-336 BC; 353 BC

Philip’s brother was king of Macedonia. Philip became a

prisoner in Thebes as a child when his country was

attacked. He was returned home some time later; when

he grew up, he became king and ruled for 25 years. He

invented the idea to line his soldiers up in a marching

rectangle 8 - 10 rows deep: a phalanx. If one man was

wounded, the next one behind him would step up and take his place.


(Lesson 84 – Philip II of Macedonia and the

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus , cont.)

The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was another of

the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was

built under the orders of Queen Artemisia as a

tomb for King Mausolus, who was the king of

Caria in Asia Minor.


Lesson 85 Alexander the Great 336 BC

Alexander was tutored by Aristotle. He tamed his

own wild horse and named it Bucephalus. He

became king when he was 20, conquering the

“world” which included Greece, Egypt, Asia

Minor, Mesopotomia, Persia, and part of India.

Alexander the Great died from malaria.


Lesson 86 The Split of Alexander’s Empire 323 BC

Alexander’s empire was during the 400 years of

silence between Malachi and the New

Testament. After his death, the empire was

divided into 4 more manageable portions. This

fulfilled Daniel’s prophecy in Daniel 8:20-22. The

split also helped the future spread of the Gospel.


Lesson 87 Archimedes and the Lighthouse of

Alexandria c. 287-212 BC; c. 285 BC

Archimedes was a Greek scientist He once said if you

gave him a place to stand, he could move the world.

He came up with many great ideas: using mirrors on

ships to burn other ships; moving water with a giant

screw; “pi”, which is used to determine the

dimensions of a circle; and the principle of displacement (while soaking in the tub).


(Lesson 87 ~ Archimedes and the Lighthouse of

Alexandra, cont.)

The Pharos or lighthouse is in Alexandria, Egypt. It

is 400 feet tall and is another of the Seven

Wonders of the Ancient World.


Lesson 88 Emperor Asoka of India 273-232 BC

Asoka was a Mauryan ruler who improved the

water supplies and created the first rest stop for

travelers. He planted banyan trees along major

roads to provide shelter for the people. He

changed the major religion of India to Buddhism.


Lesson 89 The Septuagint and the Colossus of

Rhodes 277 BC; 292 BC

The Septuagint is the oldest Greek translation of

the Old Testament that still exists today. 70-72

men translated the first five books of the OT in just

70-72 days. Septuagint means “70” in Latin. It is

abbreviated in Roman numerals as LXX.


Lesson 90 The Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty 221-206 BC

Qin was a Chinese ruler who had enough power

to unite the feuding states into one government.

He named himself Shi Huang Ti which means “First

Emperor of China”. He built canals, created one

type of money, made one standard system of

weights and measures, and standardized the size

of chariots. He also burned most history books so

history would begin with him. He built the Great


(Lesson 90 ~ The Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, cont.)

Wall of China, which is 1,500 miles in length and is

25 feett high. It has 35-40 foot towers every 200 -

300 yards; it is 25 feet thick at the base; and it is

15 feet wide across the top where chariots can

ride. He was buried with thousands of terra cotta

soldiers.


Lesson 91 Hannibal, Elephants, and the Punic

Wars 218 BC

Carthage, an ancient city and state in northern Africa, was a

threat to Rome. Fighting between the two was known as the

Punic Wars. “Punic” was a word the Romans used for

Phoenicians. Hannibal rose to power in Carthage and

challenged the Roman rule. He marched across the Alps with 37

war elephants to attack Rome from the northwest. The Romans

eventually wiped out Carthage. Hannibal wouldn’t surrender

and ended his own life by drinking poison he stored in a secret

ring.


Lesson 92 The Han Dynasty 206 BC - 220 AD

The Han Dynasty lasted more than 400 years.

Fine china or porcelain was made from fine white

clay; paper was invented; the first seismograph

to measure earthquakes was invented; and the

writings of Confucius were rediscovered. “Silk

Road” was the name given to a group of roads

from China to Syria that merchants traveled to

bring silk to other parts of the world.


Lesson 93 The Maccabean Revolt 165 BC

Israel was being oppressed by a man named

Antiochus IV, who had no respect for the beliefs of

the Jews and wanted them to adopt the Greek way

of life. This was called “Hellenization”. He took over

the Jewish temple and sacrificed a pig on the altar.

God raised up a man by the name of Judas

Maccabee, who led a revolt against Antiochus. This became known as the Maccabean Revolt.


Lesson 94 Spartacus Date Unknown – 71 BC

Spartacus was a Roman slave and gladiator who

led a great but unsuccessful revolt against the

Romans for the way slaves were treated. The

word “gladiators” comes from the Latin word

“gladius” which means “sword”. Gladiators were

taught to fight in the public arena until death.


Lesson 95 The First Triumvirate 60 BC

“Triumvirate” means “ruled by 3 persons or parties.” Rome

was ruled by Marcus Licinius Crassus, Pompey the Great,

and Julius Caesar. Crassus stopped Spartacus from their

rebellion, and was a consul and censor. Pompey was also

a consul and was admired for fighting pirates. Caesar was

in charge of public works and games and was a military

general known for being very cruel. He fought his way

through Germany and into Great Britain. He swayed Pompey and Crassus to join him in ruling Rome.


Lesson 96 Julius Caesar 49 BC

Julius Caesar was feared by the Roman Senate and was told not

to return to Rome. He crossed the Rubicon River, which showed

the Romans that he came to take over Rome. Pompey fled to

Egypt and Crassus had died, so that left Caesar in charge. He

updated the calendar and inserted a month named after him. He

gave himself the title “dictator for life” and enjoyed the term

“Imperator” from which the word emperor comes. He met

Cleopatra, fell in love with her, and spent much time in Egypt

while still trying to rule Rome. They dreamed of ruling the entire

world. He was assassinated by the Roman Senate.


Lesson 97 The Second Triumvirate 43 BC

After Julius Caesar was killed on March 15, 44 BC, the “ides

of March”, the second Triumvirate started with Gaius

Octavian, Marcus Lepidus, and Mark Antony. Octavian

was only 18; he had two of Caesar’s assassins killed and

then tried to restore order to Rome. He didn’t get along

with Antony; this caused Lepidus to retire, leaving the two

to fight it out. The Republic was divided; Octavian ruled

the western part, and Antony ruled the eastern part which included Egypt.


Lesson 98 Cleopatra 37 BC

Cleopatra lived in Alexandria, Egypt and spoke

several languages. She wanted to be queen, so

she married her brother. When he died, she

married her other brother, who also died. She

wanted the protection of Rome, so she

smuggled her way in to meet Julius Caesar by

being rolled up in a carpet. They met and fell in

love, and he helped her secure the throne. She


(Lesson 98 ~ Cleopatra, cont.)

was the last ruler of Ptolemy. When Caesar was

killed and the Roman Republic was divided, she

met Mark Antony. He, too, fell in love with her;

she had captured the love of 2 great Roman

leaders. She nearly ruled the known world and

was eventually poisoned by a snake.


Lesson 99 Herod the Great 37 BC

Herod was a very cruel governor over Galilee and

eventually took over all of Palestine (name given to Judah

after the Babylonian Captivity). He murdered almost all of

his family for the sake of keeping his throne over Palestine;

he acquired the title “King of the Jews” even though he

was hated by the Jews. He tried to gain favor with the

Jews by remodeling the temple. He was the one who

commanded all the boys 2 and under killed after the wise men came looking for Jesus. He died of a strange disease.


Lesson 100 Battle of Actium 31 BC

The Roman Republic was split by Octavian and Mark

Antony. Mark Antony married Cleopatra and appeared

more loyal to Egypt; Octavian and Antony didn’t trust

each other. Octavian declared war with a sea battle.

Cleopatra got scared and fled, and Antony followed her.

Octavian hunted them down. When Antony thought

Cleopatra was dead, he killed himself. Then, Cleopatra

allowed a poisonous snake to bite her, and she died.


Lesson 101 Augustus Caesar and the Roman

Republic 27BC

Ocatavian was declared emperor by the Senate

and was given the name “Augustus” which

means “exalted one”. In respect to his great

uncle, he kept the name Caesar, becoming

Augustus Caesar. He liked to be called the

“princeps” or “first citizen” of the land. He ruled

over the Empire for more than 40 years and lived


(Lesson 101 ~ August Caesar, cont.)

in peace and prosperity. During this time, the

Empire became the Republic, and he was the

first Emperor of Rome. He is the one who called

for a count or census for everyone in the land to

be registered, causing Joseph and Mary to

travel to Bethlehem.


Lesson 102 John the Baptist c. 5 BC – c. A.D. 32

John’s parents were Zacharias and Elizabeth, who

was Mary’s cousin. He fulfilled the prophecy of “the

voice of one crying in the wilderness: Prepare the way

of the Lord, make His paths straight.” He preached

the message of repentance in the wilderness and

proclaimed the coming of Jesus. He baptized all who

believed. He was thrown in prison by Herod and was later beheaded.


Lesson 103 Jesus Christ, His Birth c. 4 BC

The angel Gabriel appeared to Mary and told her she

would give birth to God’s son. This fulfilled 350 prophecies.

There are 13 places in the Old Testament that say Jesus

would be born of the lineage of David. Earthly son of Mary

and Joseph who had traveled to Bethlehem, the city of

David, to be counted in the census that Augustus Caesar

had ordered. The city motels and homes were full, so Jesus

was born in a barn or stable.


Lesson 104 Jesus, His Teachings and Miracles

c 30-33 AD

Jesus, God’s Son, taught about the Kingdom of Heaven,

repentance , loving one’s enemies, how to pray, fasting,

and how to have faith. His teachings were very practical

and in the form of parables or stories. Jesus allowed people

to worship Him, and He claimed to be God. Religious

leaders wanted to stone Him for blasphemy, which is claiming to be God.


Lesson 105 Tiberius Caesar, Pilate, and Herod

c. AD 14-37; AD 26-36; c. 4 BC-AD 39

Tiberius was the 2nd Roman emperor, not liked by

the Romans. He ruled from about 14-37AD. He

appointed Pontius Pilate to rule over the Israelites.

Herod Antipas governed over Galilee and had

John beheaded. Jesus was from Galilee, so

during His trial, Pilate sent Jesus to Herod for

another opinion on His guilt or innocence. Pilate


(Lesson 105 ~ Tiberius, Caesar, Pilate, Herod,

cont.)

and Herod thought Jesus was innocent and

didn’t want to sentence Him to death but were

too fearful not to. Pilate washed his hands saying

he was innocent of the blood of Jesus.


Lesson 106 The Twelve Disciples of Christ c. AD

30-33

Disciple=one who follows the teachings of

another person. Many followed Jesus, but only

12 were chosen to spend intimate time with Him.

The three closest to Jesus were brothers: Peter,

James, and John. Others: Andrew, Matthew,

Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, James, Thaddaeus,

Simon, and Judas Iscariot.


Lesson 107 Jesus, His Death and Resurrection c.

AD 33

At the Passover feast, Jesus instituted

communion, the breaking of bread to symbolize

His body that was broken for us, and drinking

wine to symbolize His blood that was poured out

for us. Because Jesus was God and claimed to

be God, the religious leaders wanted to stone

Him for blasphemy. He was put on trial and


(Lesson 107 ~ Jesus, His Death and Resurrection,

cont.)

sentenced to death on a wooden cross. He was

buried, and He came back to life and rose again

in 3 days. At His ascension, or going back to

heaven, the angels said He would return the

same way He left - in the clouds.


Lesson 108 Jesus, the Mystery of History

Yesterday, Today and Forever!

Facts that make the story convincing:

1. Jesus first appeared to women, who weren’t

respected in that culture, so their story wouldn’t

have been believed


2. Jesus appeared to over 500 people after His

resurrection; 500 was considered a great crowd

back then.

3. If Jesus had not risen, where was His body?

4. Jesus fulfilled hundreds of prophecies in his

lifetime.

© 2011 by Valerie Denton (edited by Julieanne Miller)

Documents

Index Card Summaries for MOH 1