INDEPENDENT INDIA

It is the policy of substituting imports

with domestic production.

Import substitution

SectorContribution to GDP (In %)

1950 - 51

1970 - 71

1990 - 91 2010 - 112014 -

15

Primary sector59.26 48.23 34.52 14.5 16.1

Secondary sector 13.29 19.91 24.49 22.9 23.3

Tertiary sector28.03 32.18 40.58 62.6 60.6

Average annual growth rate of GDP

Average annual growth rate of GDP

1900 - 1950 Around 2 %1950 - 1960 3.59 %1960 - 1970 3.95 %1970 - 1980 2.94 %1980 - 1990 5.79 %1990 - 2000 5.80 %2000 - 2010 7.26 %2015 - 2016 7.6 %

Average annual growth rate of GDP

Changes in Agriculture Sector

● Land Reforms

● Green Revolution

Land Reforms

Aims

● Reducing inequalities in the distribution of land

● Raising agricultural production through increased productivity.

Land Reforms

Measures/ Features

● Abolition of intermediaries like Zamindars● Distribution of land among landless● Fixed ceiling on agricultural holdings.● Organisation of Cooperative farming

Land ReformsEffects/ Results

● The abolition of intermediaries ● The reform faced resistance in many areas● Some big landlords challenged the law in courts● Some landlords registered the land in the name

of their relatives

Land ReformsEstimate

● Land reforms were successfully implemented in states like Kerala and West Bengal.

● The poor landless agricultural workers who really worked on land did not get any land.

● Most of these agricultural labourers belonged to SC/ST.

● So they did not benefit from land reforms.

FIVE YEAR PLANNING IN INDIA – A GLANCE

TARGET AND ACTUAL – FIVE YEAR PLANS

ACHIEVEMENTS AT A GLANCE