IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Yadgir · 2014-09-29 · Initial Environmental Examination May 2012 IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program — Yadgir

Initial Environmental Examination May 2012

IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program — Yadgir

Prepared by the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 28 March 2012)

Currency unit – rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $0.01965

$1.00 = INR 50.865

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB : Asian Development Bank ASP : Activated Sludge Process BM : Bituminous Macadam DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan EP Act : Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 GoI : Government of India GoK : Government of Karnataka GSB : Granular Sub-base IEE : Initial Environmental Examination KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board MLD : Million Litre per Day MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL : Mean Sea Level MSS : Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NOC : No Objection Certificate NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen OM : Operations Manual PCC : Profile Concrete Course PWD : Public Works Department SOx : Oxides of Sulphur STP : Sewage Treatment Plant RSPM : Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter TSPM : Total Suspended Particulate Matter WMM : Wet Mix Macadam WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board DPR : Detailed Project Report CPHEEO : Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization CMC : City Municipal Corporation CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board KWS&DB : Karnataka Water Supply & Drainage Board ULB : Urban Local Body

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter mm – millimeter

NOTES

(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars (ii) ―INR‖ and ―Rs‖ refer to Indian rupees

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. INTRODUCTION 1

A. Overview 1 B. Methodology 1 C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance: 4 D. Asian Development Bank Requirements 4 E. Procedures for Confirmation of Environmental Considerations 4 F. Indian Environmental Law & Regulations 4 G. Scope of IEE: 7 H. Report Structure: 7

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMME COMPONENT 7

A. NKUISIP Investment Programme Goal 7 B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement: 8 C. Subproject Description 9 D. Implementation Schedule 11

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 11

A. Environmental Profile of Yadgir 11 B. Environmental Setting of Investment Programme Component Sites: 20

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF SUB COMPONENTS: 20

V. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 21

A. Overview 21 B. Sludge Management Plan 27

VI. INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY 28

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 31

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 35

A. Overview 35 B. Grievance Redressal Mechanisms 36

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 37

A. Overview: 37

X. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 44

A. Prioritization based on Environmental Issues 44 Appendixes: 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 2. Recommended Contract Clauses 3. Schematic Diagram of Yadgir STP

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is implementing the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the assistance ofAsian Development Bank. The goal of the programme is to improve the level, quality and sustainability of basic urban services in selected Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), contributing to improved quality of life among the urban poor. NKUSIP will be implemented over a period of eight years beginning in 2008, and will be funded by a loan via the Multi-tranche Financing Facility (MFF) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (PMU). The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULBs in co ordination with various other Departments of GoK. 3. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank‘s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in ADB‘s SPS (2009). This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the Yadgir CMC Tranche III Sub-Project, specifically for Sewer Network and STP for Yadgir Town. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is proposed as part of this report which includes (i) mitigation measures for significant environmental impacts during implementation, (ii) environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation, monitoring, and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and grievance redress mechanism. 4. Detailed design began in 2010 and completed in April 2011. Construction may begin in fourth quarter of 2011, and will take around 18 months. All civil works will be completed by 2013. Yadgir town is situated on the bank of Bhima river, which is one of the tributaries of river Krishna. Yadgir is located at an altitude of 370 m above the mean sea level and its geographical coordinates is 17° 7' North latitude and 76° 57' East longitude. The city is about 300 kms from Hyderabad and 115 km from Gulbarga city. The ground levels vary from the maximum of 390.53 m to 362.65 with slopes in all directions. The subproject locations are not located in areas prone to water-logging, salinasation, and flash flood. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuarines in or near the subproject location. Trees, vegetation (mostly shrubs and grasses), and animals are those commonly found in urban areas. The subproject location are not located in or near any historically-, culturally-, archaeologically- or architecturally-significant or tourists area. 5. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to construction and operation of the infrastructure. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs thus no impacts were identified as being due to the project design or location. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. 6. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of moderate quantities of excess soil; and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, and traffic. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation.

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7. Once the Sewer Network and STP system is operating, the facilities will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. The impact to nearby environment is minimum. The system will treat the collected waste water as per CPCB standards and will benefit the individuals and public health with improvements in hygiene. This will reduce the incidence of disease associated with poor sanitation. This will also lead to economic gains as people will be less away from diseases, work and indirectly increase their income. 8. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example it is proposed that the project will employ in the workforce people who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with a short-term economic gain; and ensure that people employed in the longer term to maintain and operate the new facilities are residents of nearby communities. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during construction and operation to ensure that all measures in the EMP are implemented and to determine whether the environment is protected as intended. This will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through face-to-face discussions on site and public meeting held at the STP site, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and the planning and development of the project. A grievance redress mechanism involving an NGO and a Grievance Redress Committee at District level has been proposed under the project. 9. Therefore the subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, the classification of the Project as Category ―B‖ is confirmed. It is concluded that the proposed sub-project should proceed, with appropriate mitigation measures and monitoring programs identified in the IEE.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Overview

1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank assistance. The proposed NKUSIP is the logical follow-on investment program to the ongoing Loan 2312-IND. The NKUSIP is being formulated as a sector loan with a multitranche financing facility modality. The project goal is to facilitate economic growth in the five towns of North Karnataka under Package 3 and bring about urban basic services to the citizens that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. Outputs from several vital studies, financial assessment and social and Environmental Assessment, etc, have formed the backbone for the programme appraisal leading to approval of loan. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report is considered as an important tool for incorporating environmental concerns at the project level. IEE should be carried out as early as the project planning stage as part of feasibility thus it can assure that the project will be environmentally feasible. 2. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed sub projects in ‗Yadgir Town’ is provided in this section following the guidelines of Asian Development Bank‘s (ADB) Safeguards Policy Statement. As the Sewer Network and STP for Yadgir Town in Trench 3 aims to improve the quality of life by significantly improving the environmental conditions of the city, the environmental impacts are expected to be low and hence a rapid assessment has been performed. The Environmental Assessment is based on reconnaissance surveys, primary and secondary data obtained during actual field surveys, analysis, and from various concerned government departments. The report describes environmental baseline condition of city, existing environmental policies and relevant legislations and administrative framework applicable for the proposed sub component of NKUSIP Package-3. The part covers environmental impacts and mitigation measures for construction and operation phases of the project. Categorisation of project impact has been identified. The Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Plan are substantiating the IEE report. The IEE report has been prepared as per requirements of ToR of Programme Consultants‘ Services. B. Methodology

3. Environmental Assessment (EA) is the process in which environmental factors are integrated into project planning and decision making in details so as to achieve ecologically sustainable development. It aims at predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the predictions and options to decision-makers. By using EA both environmental and economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduction of cost and time of project implementation and design, avoid treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws and regulations. The methodology adopted for the preparations of feasibility study for the environmental assessment of these sub project are as follows:

(i) Collection, documentation and analysis of environmental baseline data obtained from secondary sources and also the primary data obtained by conducting survey and field investigation,

(ii) Environmental Screening, (iii) Assessment of Environmental Effects, (iv) Mitigative Measures, (v) Preparation of Environmental Monitoring Plan and

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(vi) Preparation of Environmental Management Plan.

1. Collection, Documentation and Analysis of Environmental Baseline Data

4. Data was obtained from secondary sources and also the primary data obtained by conducting survey, testing and field investigation

2. Reconnaissance Survey

5. The study team visited the selected alignment of sewer line and proposed Sewerage Treatment Plant. Environmental features are being carried out in this survey.

3. Collection, Collation and Analysis of Data

6. Most of the data collected from the secondary sources. However, primary data field investigation has been drawn. Secondary information was collected from state maps, town maps, census handbooks, Forest Department, Metrological Department, Water Works Deptt and other government publications as well as reports prepared for other projects and the DPR prepared under NKUSIP in 2011 for the town. The data information collected from both primary and secondary sources were collated and analysed.

4. Documentations of Baseline Conditions

7. The documentation of the baseline conditions was completed for Project Influence Zone as per the ADB Guidelines. Primary surveys were carried out for determination of field existing scenario.

5. Environmental Screening

8. Environmental screening is necessary to assess the environmental effects associated with the Project with respect to human health and natural resources. It is also required to categorise the project in terms of its environmental impacts. Environmental screening has been done in line with the guidelines provided in the SPSADB SPS (2009).

6. Assessment of Environmental Effect

9. Potentials and significant impacts were identified on the basis of analytical review of baseline data (both primary and secondary); review of land uses and environmental factors within the Project Influence Zone (PIZ). Identification of the probable environmental effects and needful actions at an early stage of the project facilitate in mitigation of the effects. The environmental effects are therefore, assessed for three stages of implementation of the project i.e. Planning and Design (Pre-Construction), Construction and Post-Construction.

7. Mitigative Measures

10. Environmental effects anticipated from the Project have been identified based on the environmental screening. Appropriate measures are needed to mitigate such effects. The environmental effects and corresponding mitigative measures required during the Pre-Construction, Construction and Post-Construction phases of the project have been identified accordingly.

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Flow Chart 1: Methodology of Initial Environmental Examination

Identification of

Objectives

Collection of

Data Documentation Baseline

Analysis Environmental

Screening

Assessment

of Effect

Mitigative

Measures

Monitoring Plan

& Management

Plan

Primary

Sources

Secondary

Sources

•Reconnaiss

ance survey

for laying

Sewer Line

•Field

verification

for for STP

Site, Wet

well site

• Survey of India,

Map

• Census Handbook,

• District Gazetteer

• Pollution Control

Board Karnataka

• Water works Deptt,

• Geological Survey of

India Map

• Forest Deptt

• Deptt of Ecology,

Environment &

Forest

• Meteorological

Deptt,

• Archeological Deptt

• City Municipal

Corporation

• Archeological deptt.

• Irrigation & Minor

Irrigation Deptt.

• Primary

Surveyed

data in

Statistical

data format

• Collected

secondary

data, report

• Collation of

data of

Requisite

ADB format

• Project

Influence

Area

• Project Impact

Zone ;

Categorization of

Project

Impact & Mitigative

Measures for

• Planning Phase

• Construction

Phase

• Operation Phase

Physical

Environment

Biological

Environment

• Pre

Constructi

on Phase

• Constructi

on Phase

• Operation

Phase

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8. Preparation of the Environmental Monitoring Plan and Management Plan

11. Timely actions are needed to help in mitigating the environmental effects. Consultants have therefore prepared an Environmental Monitoring Plan and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) covering environmental issues, mitigative measures and actions required. Actions required for various agencies have also been identified in the EMP. The EMP has been prepared for three phases of the project namely Pre-Construction, Construction and Post Construction phases. C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance:

12. The section discusses the existing environmental policies, relevant legislations with respect to the Sewerage sub projects and the administrative frameworks for the supervision and implementation of the provisions stipulated therein. The environmental guidelines and procedures of Asian Development Bank (ADB) have also been discussed in this section.

D. Asian Development Bank Requirements

13. ADB confirms that project proponents must include appropriate environmental and social considerations, through various measures, so as to prevent or minimize the impact on the environment and local communities which may be caused by the projects for which ADB provides funding, and not to bring about unacceptable effects. It will thus contribute to the sustainable development of regions. In making its funding decisions, ADB conducts screenings and reviews of environmental and social considerations to confirm that the requirements are duly satisfied. E. Procedures for Confirmation of Environmental Considerations

1. Screening and Categorisation

14. The sub project was screened using Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA). Checklist (Appendix 1). Given the sector and scale of the project, the substance, and degree of potential environmental impact within the environmental and social context of the proposed project site and surrounding areas, the sub project is considered Category B, requiring an IEE (Table 1)

Table 1: Environmental Assessment Requirements for Category B

Category Basic Environmental Assessment Requirements

B. Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts – but of lesser degree and/or significance than category A (OM 20)

IEE

Public consultation

IEE report to be prepared

Source: ADB Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009

F. Indian Environmental Law & Regulations

1. The Environmental (Protect) Act, 1986 and the EIA Notification, 2006

15. The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 is the umbrella legislation providing for the protection of environment in the country. This act provides the Environment (Protection) Rules, which were formulated in 1986. The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and

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the various amendments thereto have been notified under this act. As per the Amendment, formal Environmental Clearance from the ministry is not required for any sewerage, drainage or water supply project

2. The Water and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Acts

16. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 resulted in the establishment of the Central and State Level Pollution Control Boards (CPCB and SPCB) whose responsibilities include managing water quality and effluent standards, as well as monitoring water quality, prosecuting offenders and issuing licenses for construction and operational of certain facilities similarly. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, empowers the SPCBs to enforce air quality standards set by the CPCB. 17. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The EP Act is umbrella legislation and supplements the existing environmental regulations, the Water Act and the Air Act. As per the Act, ―Central Government shall have the power to take all such measures as it deems necessary or expedient for purpose of protecting and improving the quality of environment and preventing, controlling and abating environmental pollution‖. The Act empowers the regulatory authority to ―restriction of areas in which any industries, operations or processes or class of industries shall not be carried out or shall be carried out subject to certain safe guards‖. Under this act Consent for Establishment (CFE) - Form XIII is applicable for siting STP at any place. In this project STP site is applicable for Green Category (only domestic sewage). Under this act State Pollution Control Board plays as regulatory authority to provide No Objection Certificate (NOC) for establishment of STP at particular site. 18. The Project requires the obtaining of clearances from the State Pollution Board of Karnataka pursuant to the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) act of 1974, the Cess Act of 1977 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981.

3. The Ancient Monument and Archeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958

19. According to this act, area within radii of 100 m and 300 m from the protected property are designated as ―Protected area‖ and ―Controlled area‖ respectively. No development activity (Including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the ―protected area‖ and development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the ―controlled area‖ without prior permission of the Archeological Survey of India (ASI) if the site/remains/monuments are protected by ASI or the protected by the State. The Proposed alignment is not close to any protected property and therefore, this act will not be applicable for the project.

4. Yadgir Municipal Council

20. Yadgir Municipal Council is mainly responsible for handling key responsibilities like supply of portable water, sanitation and public hygiene, public lighting, sustainable urban growth, regulation of building construction and licensing of commercial activities, etc. 21. With special reference to the sewerage system, the Yadgir Municipal Council is involved in:

(i) Operation and maintenance of proposed sewerage systems. (ii) Construction and maintenance of Sewerage lines along the road and STP within

municipal maintenance.

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5. Key Environmental Laws and Regulations

22. The environmental regulations and legislations relevant to this Project and its applicability of Acts and Rules described above have been summarized in Table 2 for Sewerage Sub Project.

Table 2: Summary of Relevant Environmental Legislations for Sewerage Sub Project in Yadgir

No Acts Year Applicability Reason

Yes No

1 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

1981 √ This act will also be applicable to the project during Construction of two STPs of 5.5 Mld for Ultimate year 2044. However Under Phase I for year 2026 design capacity of 5.5 Mld will be constructed at Hosalli Village

2 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act

1958 √ City is not rich in having monuments and protected sites. However, no construction work is anticipated near old heritage building, which can affect them. Therefore, this act is not applicable to the project.

3 Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

1998 √ These rules are not applicable, as the project would deal with Water Supply system.

4 Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects) Rules

1999 √ The said project is an urban infrastructure development project, so rules are not applicable

5 Environment Impact Assessment Notification

2006 √ Environment Impact Assessment Notification has been issued for requirement of EIA and activities requiring clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests and State Government: the activities of STP are not included in this notification. Therefore, the NKUSIP as an urban sector investment program does not require environmental clearance from MoEF and State Government.

6 Environmental (Protection) Act 1986 √ Since, all the environmental notifications, rules and

schedules are issued under this act, it is applicable.

7 Forest Conservation Act

1927 1980

√ In present case this act will not be applicable, as project does not require any forestland to be cleared.

8 Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

1989 2003

√ These rules are not applicable because the process does not required handling of any hazardous material

9 Land Acquisition Act

1894 1989

√ This act will be applicable because the project requires 22 acres,10 Guntas of land acquisition for the construction of a new STP and Wet well at Hossalli Village for phase I and ultimate design period 2044 will be done under UIDSSMT fund in second phase of this project..

10 Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

2000 √ The provisions of these rules shall be applicable as the solid wastes in terms of grit and screened waste are to be handled.

11 National Forest Policy

1952 1988

√ This policy shall not be applicable; the project does not require any forestland to be cleared.

12 Noise Pollution Regulation and Control Act

1990 √ This act will apply to the present project. Noise pollution may results during the construction and operation of the STPs. The Buffer zone is proposed for mitigation

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measures.

13 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

1974 √ This act will not be applicable as the project does not abstracts the raw water from perennial Bhima River

14 Wild Life (Protection) Act

1972 √ This act will not be applicable as there is no wild life within the project area to be affected.

Source: EIA Notification 2006, SPS 2003 and Analysis.

23. Pollution Control Board (PCB) is a regulatory authority for providing No objection Certificate (NOC) for Consent of Establishment (CFE) of any STP at particular site. Here Pollution Control Board, Gulbarga plays role of regulatory body for furnishing Conscent of Establishment. NOC Form XIII is submitted and consent of Establishment was obtained on 28 October 2010from PCB, Gulbarga. G. Scope of IEE:

24. Main Scope of this work to assess the categorization of projects components and assessment of potential impacts to be analysed. As per ADB guidelines Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts (Operations Manual 20) and preparation of mitigation plan, responsibility matrix, Monitoring plan and detailed Environmental Management report. H. Report Structure:

25. This report contains the following heads: (i) Stage 1: Description of the Investment Programme in this city (ii) Stage 2: Project Description (iii) Stage 3: Description of Environment (iv) Stage 4: Environmental Screening of Sub Component (v) Stage 5: Potential Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures (vi) Stage 6: Institutional Roles and Responsibility (vii) Stage 7: Environmental Monitoring Plan (viii) Stage 8: Environmental Management Plan (ix) Stage 9: Public Consultation and Information Disclosure (x) Stage 10: Findings & Recommendations

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMME COMPONENT

A. NKUISIP Investment Programme Goal

26. Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank assistance. The goal of the programme is to improve the level, quality and sustainability of basic urban services in selected Urban Local bodies (ULBs) contributing to improve quality of life among the urban Poor. The NKUSIP is consistent with GOIs urban reform objective for the Tenth Plan Period (2002-2007), which entails a reform agenda to initiate the process of:

(i) Enhancing the capacity of Urban Local bodies (ULBs) to assume their functions in accordance with the 74th Constitutional Amendments, with greater sustainability and accountability.

(ii) Strengthening local finance through rationalising and improvement of property tax, and levy of sufficient user charges;

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(iii) Ensuring improved maintenance of existing assets; and (iv) Introducing better accounting and financial management practices.

27. The NKUSIP would provide the momentum for the overall reform by supporting these objectives in Karnataka and promoting the emergence of better functioning cities.

28. The development purpose is designed to assist Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to ―promote good urban management, and develop and expand urban infrastructure to increase economic opportunities and to reduce vulnerability to environmental degradation and urban poverty‖. Outputs from several vital studies, financial assessment and social and Environmental Assessment, etc, have formed the backbone for the programme appraisal leading to approval of loan. B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement:

29. At present there is no hygienic system for sewage collection, treatment or disposal in Yadgir. Septic tanks are prevalent and those without septic tanks discharge effluents to open drains. Population density is very high so the septic tanks are not functioning properly. Sewage flowing through the roadside drains is visible, it is flowing into the open channels and polluting the surrounding water bodies. Solid waste is also dumped on road side drains. Most of the drains are choked. Nine public latrines have been constructed and they serve approximately 9,000 population. In areas where no public latrines are provided many people defecate on the streets or in open plots. 30. Total sewage generation within the existing municipal council has been derived by considering projected population within the CMC boundary covering 31 wards. Total sewage generation in Yadgir in the Intermediate stage (2029) and Ultimate Stage (2044) has been estimated as follows:

Table 1: Estimated Sewage Generation in Yadgir Subproject area

Description Present Intermediate Ultimate

2014 2029 2044

Projected population 73458 98122 131068

Per capita demand 80 lpcd 80 lpcd 80lpcd

Sewage demand 5.88 MLD 7.85 MLD 10.48 MLD

5% Groundwater Infiltration 0.29 MLD 0.39 MLD 0.52 MLD

Sewage demand with 5% Groundwater Infiltration

6.17 MLD 8.24 MLD 11.00 MLD

1. improving and augmenting the economic and social infrastructure of cities,

2. ensuring the basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices,

3. initiating wide – ranging urban sector reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate legal, institutional and financial constraints that have impeded investment in urban infrastructure and services, and

4. strengthening better accounting and financial management practices with the provisions of the 74

th Constitutional Amendment

Act, 1992

FOCUS OF

NKUSIP

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Table 4: Details of sewerage Infrastructure Proposed in Yadgir Town Infrastructure Description Location Land Acquisition

A. Components to be built under ADB financing (Phase I Works) for Zone I Area : 537.52 Ha, Population Served : 69057

Construction of new proposed Sub mains and Trunk mains for

Zone I

Zone I Zone I :

Wards : part of ward 2 (70%), 3, 4, 5 (40%), 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 (20%), 20,

21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 (15%), 27, 28, 29, 30 and

31

No Acquisition Required Dia (mm) Pipe line(m)

150 63267

200 4119

250 1562

350 2859

400 528

450 476

500 906

600 1207

700 1182

STP in M Hossalli Village

Zone I & Zone II total Capacity for 11.00 Mld

Zone I 22 Acres of Private Land. Status : 6(1)

Notification completed and 9(1) is under

Progress

Wet well at Near Char kaman

Zone I 10 Guntas of Private Land.

Status : 6(1) Notification completed

and 9(1) is under Progress

Electro-Mechanical Works

Non-clog Sewage Pump Set (6 Nos.) at Hosalli

The STP have been located in such a way that all trunk mains drain by gravity in to wet well of treatment plant and also adequate land is

available for construction of these plants

Hosalli Village Not Required

Source: DPR, Sewerage works, Yadgir, DHV 2011.

C. Subproject Description

31. Yadgir town is situated on the bank of Bhima river, which is one of the tributaries of river Krishna. Yadgir is located at an altitude of 370 m above the mean sea level and its geographical coordinates is 17° 7' North latitude and 76° 57' East longitude. The city is about 300 kms from Hyderabad and 115 km from Gulbarga city. It is also famous for its laminated limestone which is known as Yadgir stones. There are large deposits of limestone in and around Yadgir. The town has come into prominence on account of its big cement factory owned and run by the Associated Cement companies Limited (today under the aegis of Zawar cement). In 1954, the Yadgir Town Municipal Council (TMC) was constituted and upgraded to second grade City Municipal Council (CMC) in 2002. The town is divided into 31 wards spreading across an area of 14.95 sq. km and as per census 2001 population was 58,811 with the density of 3,933 person per sq km. Map 1 Shows the Project Area. The project area is the area under jurisdiction of Yadgir CMC.

32. The entire Yadgir town is divided in two sewerage zones. Zone I which is proposed to be implemented under NKUSIP is drainable by gravity to southern part of the city. This project includes sewerage pipeline, pumping stations and treatment plant near Hossalli Village under this Phase II Trench 3. The Proposed sewerage system is divided into two sewerage zones, out of which Zone I is planned to be implemented under Tranche 3.

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Table 4: Yadgir Sewerage Zones Sewerage

Zone Projected

Population 2044 Quantity of Sewage

Generation 2044 (MLD) Areas

Zone I 107,159 Total Area Served :

537.52 hectares

9.57 It comprises part of ward 2 (70%), 3, 4, 5 (40%), 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 (20%), 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26

(15%), 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31

Zone II 17,039 Total Area Served :

24.47 hectares

1.43 It comprises Ward 1, 2 (30%), 5 (60%), 19 (80%) and 26 (85%).

Total 131068 11.00 MLD

33. A total of approximately 76 km of sewer lines are proposed in the most congested areas of the city. The proposed sewerage system consists of trunk sewers of 5.63 km and laterals of 66.94 km which will connect 10,167 Houses. As there is no existing sewer lines in the proposed subproject all the trunk mains and laterals are to be laid along the road right-of-ways and away from water pipe lines with a minimum distance as specified in Indian Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Office (CPHEEO) Manual on Sewerage and Wastewater Treatment. 34. Further 3,786 house connections are proposed to be constructed which will connect 11,358 houses. 35. A Facultative Aerated Lagoon (FAL) treatment technology with 11.00 MLD capacity will be constructed at Hossalli Village covering the ultimate design period 2044. The STP will be developed in two phases: 5.50 MLD in first phase and 5.50 MLD in the next phase in later. 36. The technology meets the standards stipulated in the guidelines of Indian CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage and Wastewater Treatment. The components of the STP include: (i) inlet chamber; (ii) screen chamber; (iii) grit chamber; (iv) division box; (v) facultative aerated lagoon; (vi) aerator; (vii) sedimentation basin; (viii) chlorination tank; and (ix) sludge drying bed. The schematic diagram is attached as Appendix 3. The treated sewage will be used for land irrigation.

37. The STP location is 1.8 km from the nearest habitation. The land is neither placed at lowline area nor flood plain area. There is no drinking water source nearby the site area. Under Phase I secondary treatment units to cater 86 % of zone I sewage flows for which 5.5 MLD secondary units to be constructed. The remaining additional secondary units shall be taken up during Phase II which caters for the Zone – I (14%) and Zone – II (100%) sewage flows for 2044. The land is flat terrain with blackcotton soil. area buffer zone of at least 100 meter is included in the design as per requirements of the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB).

Table 5: Details of sewerage Infrastructure Proposed in Yadgir Town Infrastructure Description Location Land Acquisition

B. Components to be built under ADB financing (Phase I Works) for Zone I Area : 537.52 Ha, Population Served : 69057

Construction of new proposed Sub mains and Trunk mains for

Zone I

Zone I Zone I :

Wards : part of ward 2 (70%), 3, 4, 5 (40%), 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 (20%), 20,

21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 (15%), 27, 28, 29, 30 and

31

No Acquisition Required Dia (mm) Pipe line(m)

150 63267

200 4119

250 1562

350 2859

400 528

450 476

500 906

11

600 1207

700 1182

STP in M Hossalli Village

Zone I & Zone II total Capacity for 11.00 Mld

Zone I 22 Acres of Private Land. Status : 6(1)

Notification completed and 9(1) is under

Progress

Wet well at Near Char kaman

Zone I 10 Guntas of Private Land.

Status : 6(1) Notification completed

and 9(1) is under Progress

Electro-Mechanical Works

Non-clog Sewage Pump Set (6 Nos.) at Hosalli

The STP have been located in such a way that all trunk mains drain by gravity in to wet well of treatment plant and also adequate land is

available for construction of these plants

Hosalli Village Not Required

Table 6: Proposed STP Unit Components

Sl. No. Treatment Component Nos Size (m)

length width depth

1.0 Inlet Chamber 1 4.0 3.0 1.3

2.1 Screen Chamber 1+1 6.0 0.7 0.7

3.1 Grit Chamber 1+1 14.00 1.8 1.15

4.0 Division Box 1 2.5 2.5 1.15

5.1 Facultative Aerated Lagoon 1+1 110.0 73.00 3.50

5.2 Aerator 2 x 10 6.0 H.P.

6.0 Sedimentation Basin 1+1 89.00 58.0 1.10

7.1 Chlorination Tank 2 13 9 1.3

7.2 Chlorinator Capacity 2+1 4.59 kg/hr

38. Sewer Cleaning & De-siltation Process; Sewer lines are to be clean with sucking and jetting machines. Over a period of time man holes are to be opened and clean with sucking and jetting machines and ultimately will disposed off in designated landfill site of CMC Yadgir. A Separate O&M manual including training schedule will be developed for the proposed works and Technology by the Contractor and submitted to PIU prior to handing over to the Yadgir CMC.

D. Implementation Schedule

39. Construction of the subproject may begin in fourth quarter of 2011 and it will take around 18 months i.e. Second quarter of 2013.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Environmental Profile of Yadgir

40. The baseline environmental status of the project influence area is based on available secondary information and collection of primary data by conducting field survey within proposed sewer line and other components within project influence zone. It will help in assessing the magnitude of potential effect both beneficial as well as adverse due to the proposed project

12

activities on the environment. In order to assess the baseline environment conditions of the project area, the following aspects have been considered.

1. Topography & Geology

41. Yadgir is characterized by small hillocks near the centre with its top at an elevation of 539 m. From the foot of the hill, the ground slopes in all directions. However, the town slopes are towards the direction from west and south. The ground levels in the inhabited areas of the town range from 390.53 m above mean sea level to elevation 362.65 m above mean sea level. 42. Yadgir town is famous for its laminated lime stone which is known as Yadgir stones. There are large deposits of lime stone in and around Yadgir town.

2. Soil

43. The predominant soil in this town is silty-clay in nature. The top layer of soil, up to 2 m of depth consists of silt/silty clay followed by soft disintegrated rock and then hard rock. In some areas the soft layer extends up to 4 m, followed by hard strata. The size of clay is less than 0.002 mm in this region. The depth of ground water table extends between 7.5 m to 35 m below ground level. The physiochemical properties of Yadgir soil is drawn in following table:

Table 7: Soil Condition of Yadgir Town

Sl No. Parameter Component of Black

Soil Condition of Soil in Yadgir town

1. Organic matter 6-10 0.48

2. pH 8-9 7.2

3. Moisture ( %) 50-54 8.60

4. N ( %) 0.69 0.59

ASPECTS CONSIDERED FOR ASSESSMENT OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Project Influence Zone

• Topography

• Geology

• Soil

• Climate

• Land Utilisation

• Forest & Biodiversity

• Heritage Sites

• Surface Water Quality

• Ground Water Quality

• Ambient Air

• Ambient Noise

Site Specific

• Landform

• Soil

• Land Utilization

• Vegetation

• Resources

13

Sl No. Parameter Component of Black

Soil Condition of Soil in Yadgir town

5. P (%) 12.18 10.23

6. K ( ppm) 178 152

7. Zn (%) 0.64 0.60

8. Fe (%) 3.80 3.55

9. Cu (%) 3.81 3.15

10. Lime (%) 6.3 6.5

Source: Gulbarga University Tested Data, Yadgir UGD DPR DHV 2011.

44. The physicochemical condition of soil is not very productive. Organic component is moderate but soil is mainly acidic in nature. Moisture content is very low. The NPK value is on lower side. Even micro nutrients are almost lower end.

3. Climate

45. Yadgir town lies in the dry and arid zones. As a result of which the climate is generally dry and the mercury level rises to 41ºC or 44ºC during summers and goes as low as 12.0 ºC or 13.30 ºC during December – January in winters. The hot summer begins by the middle of February and extends up to the mid June. The town is classified as moderate to low rainfall-receiving area. Consequently, drought and scarcity conditions haunt the people of the region. The average annual rainfall in Yadgir is 728 mm with 55 rainy days, as against 720 mm of annual rainfall with 48 rainy days in Gulbarga district. The wind generally blows from south west to north east direction and north east to south west.

4%

15%

40%

2%

2%

2%

JAN, FEB, MARCH

45%

10%

4%

4%

20%

2 %

5 %

10%

APRIL, MAY, JUNE

25%

8%

4%

5%

6%

48%

JULY, AUG, SEP

4%

5%

5%

35 %

25 %

18%

4 %

4%

OCT, NOV, DECWIND DIRECTION - 2005

(DIRECTION OF ARROWS INDICATES PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WIND BLOWING)

SCALE : 1CM = 20%

10%

25%

2%

2 %

79%

13%

38%

49%

59%

73%

14 %

74%

JAN TO DEC

YADGIRYADGIR

YADGIR

YADGIR

YADGIR

Wind Rose Diagramme for Yadgir Town

14

4. Land Use Pattern (LUP)

46. Town are mainly divided into old and an around railway station area. The total developed area is 647.00 ha of which 43.27% is the total municipal area. Nearly 20% of the total municipal land is under vacant land and 5% of land is under hillocks and water sheet. The existing LUP is shown in Table 8

Table 8: Existing Land Use Pattern

Source: CDP, Yadgir.

5. Water Quality

a. Surface Water

47. Both surface and subsurface sources meet water supply requirement of Yadgir. River Bhima (originating in Maharashtra) is the main surface source of water supply, which accounts for over 90 percent of the town‘s water supply. Water abstraction from Doddahalla, a natural stream, also provides surface water. Sub surface sources comprising 90 borewells and 20 open wells supplement surface source supply to some habitat concentrations, which are not covered by the water supply scheme. The yield of these sources started going down and was insufficient to meet the requirements of the Town. Flow of water of river water is not good. As a result the homeostatic mechanism of water itself becomes poor along with the course of stretch. As per CPCB Norm the standard of water quality of surface water is as follows:

Table 9: CPCB Standard for Water Quality of Surface Water

Standard for Water Quality of Surface Water

Class Beneficial Use

A Drinking without conventional use

B Bathing

C Drinking after conventional use

D Propagation of Wild Life and fisheries

E Irrigation, cooling & controlled waste Disposal

Details of parameter of each Class:

Class Parameter Criteria

A D.O >6 mg/lt

B.O.D <2 mg/lt

Coliform <50/100 mt

Land Use Category Area (Hectares) Composition (%)

Residential 125 40,06

Commercial (Including APMC Area) 37 11,86

Industrial 17 5,45

Public and Semi-Public 49 15,71

Public Utilities 6 1,92

Parks, Play Grounds and Burial Grounds 18 5,77

Traffic and Transportation 60 19,23 Total 312 100,00

Water Sheet and Hillocks (16 H + 24 H) 40

Vacant Lands (Including Approved Layouts) 295 Grand Total 647

15

pH 6.5-8.5

B D.O >5 mg/lt

B.O.D <3 mg/lt

Coliform <500/mt

pH 6.5-8.0

C D.O >4 mg/lt

B.O.D <3 mg.lt

Coliform < 5000/100 mt

pH 6.0-8.0

D D.O >4 mg/lt

pH 6.5-8.5

Coliform <5000/100 mt

Free Ammonia <1.2 mg/lt

E pH 6-8.5

Sodium Ratio <26

Boron <2.0 mg/tonnes

Electrical conductivity at 25 degree Celsius

<2250 mcromos /cm

Source: CPCB, Redbook.

48. Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, Gulbarga has monitored water quality on upstream of bridge. The tested data has been tabulated as under:

Table 10: Surface Water Quality, Yadgir

Sl No.

Parameters Unit

Drinking Water

Standard IS 10500

Location Point

Board

1. pH 6.5-8.5 8.40

2. Turbidity N.T.U 5 08

3. Conductivity Micr. s/cm 0.83

4. Colour Hazen Unit 10 nil

5. Odour Odour less

6. Total iron mg/l 0.3 0.07

7. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l <1.2 0.11

8. Alkalinity as CaCo3 mg/l 200 220

9. Disolve Solids mg/l 500 390

10. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 150 76

11. Chloride mg/l 250 74

12. Total Hardness mg/l 300 150

13. Calcium as CaCO3 mg/l 75 58

14. Magnesium as CaCO3 mg/l 30 92

15. DO mg/l >6 7.0

16. BOD mg/l 5 1.40

17. COD mg/l 3 08

18. Faecal Coliform MPN / 100 ml Nil nil

19. Total coliform MPN/ 100 ml <50 280

20. Zinc mg/l Not Detected

16

Sl No.

Parameters Unit

Drinking Water

Standard IS 10500

Location Point

Board

21. Arsenic mg/l Not Detected

22. cadmium mg/l Not Detected

23. Copper mg/l Not Detected

24. Lead mg/l Not Detected

25. Chromium mg/l Not Detected

26. Nickel mg/l Not Detected

27. Mercury mg/l Not Detected

28. Cyanide mg/l Not Detected

Source: KSPCB, Gulbarga, Yadgir Water Supply DPR.

49. Viewing above data it is revealed that the turbidity of water is very high. The flow of water is very poor and subsequently TDS value of water has increased. But, BOD level is within permissible limit. Even chloride is also less than limit. Overall determined factor of area is good.

b. Lake Water Quality:

50. Inland lake is another important environmental feature in Deccan Trap area. Natural lake has huge catchments area and in earlier period it was another source of drinking water. But presently, this inland water accumulated drainage water from adjacent area. Eutrophication is common feature now. In Yadgir Sannakere is another major lake in town. Overall water quality is not vey poor. PH value is within limit. Only dissolve solis is more than desirable limit and total iron content is high. But content of DO is within limit.

Table 11: Lake Water Quality, Yadgir Sl

No. Parameters Unit

Drinking Water Standard IS 10500

SannakereLake

1. pH 6.5-8.5 7.79

2. Turbidity N.T.U 50 30

3. Fluorite mg/l 0.6-1.2 0.542

4. Total iron mg/l 0.3 1.8

5. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 8.19

6. Alkalinity as CaCo3

mg/l 200

204

7. Dissolve Solids mg/l 500 788

8. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 150 60


Total Hardness mg/l 300 174

10. Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 40

11. Magnesium as Mg

mg/l 30

34

12. BOD mg/l 5 6.3

13. D.O mg/l >5 9.0

Source: Gulbarga University, Yadgir Water Supply DPR.

c. Ground Water:

51. Ground water is drawn through open wells and bore wells fitted with hand pumps. To assess the water quality of city and people access of quality of environment is being assessed by examining the water quality of these open wells and bore wells. Even, the ground water table is depleting day by day. Basis of secondary data of KSPCB, there recent data has been tabulated as under for assessing the status of GW quality of city:

Criticality

Criticality

17

Table 12: Ground Water Quality, Yadgir

Sl No. Parameters Unit Drinking Water Standard

IS 10500 Ground Water

1. PH 6.5-8.5 7.2

2. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 5 10.4

3. Total Dissolved Solids

mg/l 500 680

4. Total Alkalinity mg/l 200 370


6. Total Hardness mg/l 300 764

7. SO4 mg/l 150 53

8. NO3 mg/l 45 170

Source: Gulbarga University, Yadgir Water Supply DPR

52. The ground water quality of Yadgir town is stated above. The hardness is very high. It may be due to geological formation of underneath aquifer. Rest parameters are permissible in this case. The overall the water quality is poor for this town . Maximum water is saline. Whole area‘s porosity is very high level. As a result the siltation process is also very high. The after effect of water TDS is more. Lots of silt and mud are coming from bore wells. Due to absence of sewer line proper drainage facility ground water is become polluted. Total hardness of water is also high it may be due to Aquifer chemical composition of area. Although, aquifer condition is basically determining factor of physical characteristics of water but the needful treatment is needed for drinking purpose over here.

d. Waste Water:

53. There is one time data available to assess the waste water of quality of Yadgir. The Environmental quality of waste water is as follow

Table 13: Sewage Quality, Yadgir S.No. Parameters Unit Tested Result

1 Total Suspended Solids (TDS) mg/L 70

2 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 400

3 Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 300

4 pH Value 7.5

Source : Yadgir UGD DPR, DHV 2011

54. Viewing above data it is reveleaded that the turbidity of water is vey high. Although, the flow of water is very poor and subsequently TDS value of water has incresed. But BOD level is more than 60 times more than permissible limit.

6. Ambient Air Quality:

55. The ambient air quality is one of the most significant indicators of environmental health of a Town. Ambient air quality monitoring has not been carried out at any point in the Yadgir Town. During site visit it is observed that SPM level is very high due to poor road side condition and very high vehicular emmission rate. To make pollution free zone there is need to control the vehicular emmission in town with proper system of fuel and proper maintenannce of road side berms. As per CPCB norms the standard for Ambient Air Quality of any particular area is as follows:

Criticality

18

Table 14: Ambient Air Quality Standards (National)

Pollutants Time-

Weighted Average

Concentration in Ambient Air

Method of Measurement Industria l Areas

Residential, Rural & Other

Areas

Sensitive Areas

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Annual Average*

80 µg/m3 60 µg/m

3 15 µg/m

3 Improved West and

Geake Method Ultraviolet Fluorescence

24 hours** 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m

3 30 µg/m

3

Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2)

Annual Average*

80 µg/m3 60 µg/m

3 15 µg/m

3 Jacob & Hochheiser

Modified (Na-Arsenite) Method

24 hours** 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m

3 30 µg/m

3 - Gas Phase

Chemiluminescence

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Annual Average*

360 µg/m3 140 µg/m

3 70 µg/m

3 - High Volume Sampling,

(Average flow rate not less than 1.1 m3/minute).

24 hours** 500 µg/m3 200 µg/m

3 100 µg/m

3

Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) (size less than 10 microns)

Annual Average*

120 µg/m3 60 µg/m

3 50 µg/m

3 Respirable particulate

matter sampler

24 hours** 150 µg/m3 100 µg/m

3 75 µg/m

3

Lead (Pb) Annual Average*

1.0 µg/m3 0.75 µg/m

3 0.50 µg/m

3 - ASS Method after

sampling

using EPM 2000 or equivalent

Filter paper

24 hours** 1.5 µg/m3 1.00 µg/m

3 0.75 µg/m

3 .

Ammonia1 Annual Average*

0.1 mg/ m3 0.1 mg/ m

3 0.1 mg/m

3 .

24 hours** 0.4 mg/ m3 0.4 mg/m

3 0.4 mg/m

3 .

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

8 hours** 5.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m

3 1.0 mg/ m

3 - Non Dispersive Infra Red

(NDIR)

1 hour 10.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m

3 2.0 mg/m

3 Spectroscopy

*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.

** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days

Source: CPCB.

7. Ambient Noise Quality:

56. Noise can disturb our work, rest, sleep and communication. It can damage his hearing and evoke other psychological and possibly pathological reactions. This fact has been experienced widely and is a serious concern to every one. The Govt. of India has timely included noise as an air pollutant in the amended act of 1997 for which has lie down as following:

19

57. The Central Pollution Control Board in exercise of its powers under section 16 (2) (h) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, notified the ambient air quality standard in response as:

Table 15: Standard of Noise Level

Category of Area Day time (6-9 AM) limits in

Decibels (dB) Night time (9-6 AM) limits in Decibels (dB)

Industrial Area 75 70

Commercial Area 65 55

Residential Area 55 45

Sensitive Zone 50 40

Source: CPCB.

58. There is not a single monitoring station to monitor and assess the Noise level of Town. The scenario of the commercial zones is as other towns of NKUSIP – Pkg III. None of the areas are very crowded and noisy. At present no noise buffering system is provided on road side or sensitive area or even residential area.

8. Social Environment

Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

59. No communities of ethnic minorities and indigenous people have been reported within the project area.

9. Health and Hygiene

(i) No safe disposal method does presently exist. A large number of dry latrines still exist but the night soil freely flows in the open causing serious unsanitary conditions and health hazard. The problem needs immediate attention as it pollutes the public water courses also.

(ii) The absence of municipal taps and non-availability of staff for maintenance have

resulted in the poor state of the public latrines, which are largely being used by the slum population.

10. Protected Areas

60. There are several religious monuments protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as well as Karnataka Government and falling under the project area. The listed monuments under ASI and GoK are:

(i) Mailarlinga Temple (ii) Jama Mosque (iii) Yadgir Fort, etc

61. There is no excavation and proposed Sewer works are within the controlled area of these protected area.

20

11. Forest & Biodiversity:

62. There is no forest area demarcated within Yadgir Town limit. But some big trees are found on road and open land. There is no endangered species found. There are approximately 20 trees in total vacant land and all of them are Neem (Azadirachta Indica) category. Other than total trees throny bushes present. Overall there is no loss of precious trees. 63. There are no endangered species found within site and as peripheral areas.

12. Demographic Characteristics:

64. Population Growth: The total population of CMC is 58,811 as per census 2001. The town has experienced tremendous population growth during the last decade (34.68 % from 1991 to 2001) compared to the consistently increasing growth rate since 1930‘s. .By the yea r2029 it is estimated to grow 98,122 and for ultimate design period 2044 it will become 1,31,068. 65. The total number of households in the CMC according to the census 1991 is 9,610. The household size for Yadgir is 6.31, compared to the average national household size of 6.3 (Census 2001).

13. Socio Economic Characteristics:

66. The share of working population also known as workers participation rate (WPR) in Yadgir is 35.23 percent (2002) as against 36 percent of thr State Urban WPR. B. Environmental Setting of Investment Programme Component Sites:

Site Selection for Sewerage Treatment Plant at Hossalli Village 67. The location of the sewerage treatment plant is selected based on the natural slopes of city to provide the gravity flow till the disposal plant. The city follows the natural slope from west towards south and therefore STP location is chosen as southern site. 68. The flow for ultimate period is estimated to be 11 Mld. It has been estimated that the land requirement per Mld of sewage is 2 acres. So the total land requirement is to be 22 acre 10 Guntas. Land of 22 acre, 10 Guntas is under acquisition by KUWS & DB. 69. The Topography of the town is predominantly flat. The environmental condition is as same as city general. There is no environmental sensitive area is prevalent within project area not even 100 m of project influence zone. STP will be constructed sufficiently away from the settlement area. The sites selection has been justified because the treated effluent from the plant will be used in agriculture purposes. The sludge can be extensively used for manure process and solid waste will be dumped at disposal site.

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF SUB COMPONENTS:

70. The proposed sewerage system consists of trunk mains, sub trunk mains and laterals connected to the main sewers. Old town area is congested but new area is planned. The impacts of proposed works are site- specific, and few are irreversible. In most cases, mitigation measures can be designed to minimize the impact. So this sewerage sub project will be categorized as Category B project. The detail REA checklist for sub components of sewerage sub project for Yadgir is appended in Appendix 1.

21

V. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Overview

71. This section identifies and assesses the probable impacts on different environmental parameters during planning, construction and the operation of the proposed development. After studying the existing baseline environmental scenario, initial field surveys, reviewing the process and related statutory norms, the major impacts have been identified and assessed for the design, construction and the operation phases. Potential positive impacts or improvements are also reviewed. 72. Planning and Design covers the construction details, materials of construction etc. that ultimately decides the impact during later phases. Most of the impacts are during construction and operation phase. While some of the construction phase impacts are temporary, some are permanent. The permanent impacts would be positive in nature such as increase in business & employment opportunities, reduction in accidents, and comfort in journey. 73. Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact magnitude (negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree) and impact duration (temporary/permanent). The following table shows the screening of impacts; N/T represents the lowest impact while S/P represents the highest impact. Numerator represents the Degree of Impact and denominator represents the Duration of impact.

Table 16: Screening of Impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impact)

Negligible(N) Moderate(M) Severe(S)

Temporary(T) N/T M/T S/T

Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P

Source: Analysis.

74. Summary of anticipated impact and the mitigation measures are written as follows:

22

The following tables provide the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures of sewerage components under NKUSIP in Yadgir:

Table 17: Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures of Sub Component

Environmental Impact Damages to Environment

Screening of Impacts

Recommended Feasible Protection Measure

Comments Implementing Agency

Problem related to siting for facilities

Land Acquisition Land degradation N/P Payment of compensation before taking possession of land

It is under process. Total land requirement is 22 acre 10 Guntas. It is predominantly agricultural land.

ULB, (CCG Yadgir)

Interference with other utilities

Nuisance/ disturbance to public

M/T

There is a provision for restoration of utility services, if any. All utility all along sewer line to be addressed in construction period and restoration work will be done.

No interference with existing utilities as the construction will carry out outskirt of town.

ULB, (CCG Yadgir)

Interference with street traffic/ blocking of access to building

Nuisance/ disturbance to public

M/T

In order to ensure access diversions to be prepared.

No interference expected in major road ,only sub internal roads some part are to be affected for local traffic

ULB, (CCG Yadgir)

Inadequate resettlement provision

Social inequities

N/P Adequate budget provisions to be made for temporary and permanent resettlements as per govt. compensation practice

No rehabilitation measures suggested

ULB, (CCG Yadgir)

Contamination of groundwater resources due to leaching of ponds

Ground Water Pollution

N/P Impervious bed will be constructed in Aerated Lagoons . Black Cotton Soil will be used for preparation of impervious bed

Adequate measures to be taken during the design of aerated Lagoons to prevent ground water pollution.

Design Engineer / Contractor

Loss of amenity and odor nuisance to neighbors.

Odour Nuisance

N/P Village habitation is far from proposed STP location. There is no anticipated nuisance is predicted.

Proposed land is far from village habitation.

Design Engineer

Design Phase

Overflow/bypassing hazards

Contamination of environment plus flooding

N/T

Diversion and disposal of run off is needed

Adequate design measures to be taken

Design Consultant

Discharge of partially treated sewage will have

The treated sewage may be used for

N/P

The effluent from the STP shall be confirmed to the following

Environmental Quality Standard to be monitored

Design Consultant

23





potential to pollute the agricultural fields.

irrigation. However, this may not be significant as treatment will be designed to meet inland surface water discharge standards which is stringer than irrigation standards

standards of discharge for inland surface water disposal:

Nuisance due to leakage / overflowing of sewers.

Contamination of land

N/P

Regular maintenance will nullify the impact. Usage of maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time.

Monitoring the operation practice

Implementing Agency, ULB

Nuisance due to mosquito breeding, rodents and bad odours from STP.

Odour and Mosquito breeding, Disease

M/P

Development of buffer zone as a physical separation and visual screen around the facility will also address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc. Even chlorination process will help to mitigate this anticipated impact. Rat trappers shall be kept.

Cleaning of Sludge and cleaning of banks of ponds, prohibit the grow the bushes and grasses.

O& M under ULB

Pollution due to improper sludge disposal methods. Sludge removal from the ponds may be done once for every 7 years, depending on the sludge generation.

Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.

M/P

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided to the workers. Sludge shall be dried in drying beds before its disposal in low-lying areas. A sludge management plan shall be prepared.

Cost to be included for sludge management

O& M under ULB

Adequate monitoring of gas

Regular monitoring of gas of manhole is not possible.

Shaft is already provided to remove the gas of manholes.

Cost is considered in DPR

O& M under ULB

Construction Phase

Silt runoff from construction of STP

Soil erosion plus damage to water quality

M/T

Arrangements are to be made by the contractor for proper and quick

Site Engineer will ensure that works are done in

Contractor

24





and aesthetics

discharge of run off. Desiltation will be addressed in construction work .

such a way that there is quick disposal of silt runoff from the site.

Dust/odour/fumes/ noise/vibration from construction

Health hazard/nuisance to workers and public

M/T

Careful planning, control and monitoring Adequate buffer zone around the proposed treatment works.

PPEs to be provided during construction by the contractor

Contractor

Inconvenience to access business, residential and other immediate facilities for the public and impact on livelihood die to loss of access to business

The access for business and other facilities along the proposed sewer laning areas will be disturbed during construction period.

M/T

During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways should be provided along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities

EMP should be executed during this construction phase

Contractor

Inconvenience to public during sewer laying along thick commercial areas and narrow streets; where public facilities are located.

Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses

M/T

Construction should be expedited in the least time frame. Activities requiring maximum access control should be done during non peak hours. Excavation along the road should be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time. Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate sign boards

Barricade during excavation and construction should be provided

Barricade during excavation and construction should be provided

Nuisance due to dust and noise; road blocking due to laying of sewer network; and, increased traffic flow due to vehicle movement for construction activities.

Dust generation may be significant as the dry weather condition prevails in the town.

M/T

Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages. In case of excavations for sewer lines in busy streets such as central areas of the town (market area, old town area), adequate arrangements for traffic diversion including prior intimation and by erecting proper sign board shall be provided. Considering the market and dense residential areas in the core town area, preparation of construction site

Sprinkler should be used for reducing dust and modern technology should be used for meeting desire noise limit

Contractor ULB Yadgir

25





management plan is necessary. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Dust and noise from construction of STP and lying/rehabilitation of sewer network activities.

Sewer network will be laid all over the town including high density areas. As the proposed STP is located away the habitation, as far as laying of sewer network is considered, the dust and noise nuisance may be considerable in the core town area and in all other areas it may be negligible.

M/T

Construction material shall be stockpiled. Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of sign boards. Dust generation must be arrested by water spraying. Ensure usage of standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any A construction site management plan shall be prepared. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbatethese impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Part of construction cost

Contractor/CCG Yadgir

26





Pollution and health hazards due to improper sludge disposal methods

Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.

M/P

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed – Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in drying beds before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or land filled. FAL technique has itself Sludge Management Process. Dried sludge will be used as manure

CCG Yadgir

Part of O & M costs

Nuisance due to overflowing/choking of sewers.

No major water bodies and ground water is very deep. However nuisance may be considered.

N/P

Implement the mitigation measures suggested in the design stage to avoid chocking. Sewer cleaning equipments have been provided

CCG Yadgir.

Part of Construction Cost.

Water logging and/or overflowing of sewer due to clogged sewer line

Health hazard and public nuisance

M/P

Design construction, O&M, plus monitoring during monsoon

Periodic cleaning of sewer lines

CCG Yadgir

Workers exposed to toxic gases in sewers in sewage during maintenance work

Serious/health/safety hazards

S/T

There should be proper measurement of hazardous gases in the sewers with the help of gas sensors. Safety equipment like mask, oxygen cylinder shall be kept for safety measure.

Not expected, safety measures would be taken by the contractor

CCG Yadgir

Inadequate operations stage monitoring

Nuisance/ hazard to Public in terms of effluent disposal, dour etc.

M/P O&M and monitoring other than the Recommended measures

Regular monitoring to be carried out.

CCG Yadgir

Public health risks of using sewerage for agriculture;

Land degradation

M/P

Sewage used for land irrigation is to be tested by relevant authorities (PCB) before land application to ensure it is not contaminated or pose risks to public health.

Periodical Monitoring

CCG Yadgir

27

B. Sludge Management Plan

75. A detailed sludge management plan will be prepared as part of O&M Manual and it shall be ensured by the ULB that it will be implemented during the operation phase of the project. 76. Sludge is to be removed from the STP once in about two years. The sludge that is drawn is provided for drying of sludge in the specified available land within the STP. After each layer of dried sludge has been removed the bed will be racked and levelled. It is preferable to apply the sludge at least a day or two after the sludge cakes are removed. 77. The dried sludge cakes will be sold as fertilizer. Some part of the sludge will be used in the STP itself for gardening, laws etc. 78. Records of operation of sludge drying will show the time and quantity of sludge drawn. The solids content of wet digested sludge, its volatile portion and pH will be determined and recorded. Other parameters like moisture content and fertilizer value in terms of NPK and presence of pathogens in dried sludge will also be analyzed and recorded 79. Sludge handling workers‘ safety must be considered and safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities

28

VI. INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY

80. Nodal Executing Agency (EA): The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUISP) under the Asian Development Bank assistance. The proposed NKUISP is the logical follow-on investment program to the ongoing Loan 2312-IND. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (PMU), which will be set-up within KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the PMU and will be assisted by an Executive Director at the Regional office of KUIDFC at Dharwad to oversee the Investment Program progress. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials will assist the Executive Director in controlling and monitoring Investment Program implementation activities. The Executive Director at Regional Offices are supported By Divisional Program Offices headed by Divisional Program Director, located at Gulbarga for Package 3. The consultant team will be under the Divisional Programme Director and will be involved in project planning, preparation of subproject and cost estimates, co ordination, technical guidance ans supervision, financial control, training and overall subproject management. All Investment Program decisions will be made by the Executive Director who shall operate from the PMU, Dharwad; only interactions with GoK, GoI and ADB shall be conducted through the KUIDFC office at Bangalore. 81. A state level Empowered Committee for investment Program with representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC has been constituted and Executive Director from Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when needed. The committee members include Additional Chief Secretary (Committee Chair), MD of KUIDFC (Committee Secretary), Principal Secretary of the Urban Development Department, Principal Secretary of Planning Department, Secretary for municipalities and urban development authorities of Urban Development Department, secretary for expenditure of the finance department and director of Directorate of Municipal Administration. 82. Implementing Agency (IA): The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co ordination with various other Departments of GoK. The programme component A, B, E will be implemented by ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Under the component B, for bulk water supply, Karnataka urban Water Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB) will be acting on behalf of ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Slum up-gradation will be done through Karnataka Slum Clearance Board reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component D will be implemented through co ordination of Karnataka State Fire & Emergency Services, The lake Development Authority, Department of Information and relevant ULB reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component F will be implemented through DMA and or KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director and Component G through KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director. 83. Other than the above institutional setup, District Level Programme Steering Committee will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of subprojects and institutional reforms. The District Level Programme Steering Committee shall consist of Deputy Commissioner of District, Divisional Program Director from concerned divisional office, Municipal Commissioners‘ / Chief Officers of Investment programme ULB and President / Chair of investment programme ULB. The District Level Programme Steering Committee will be reporting to Executive Programme Director. The organization hierarchy is as presented in Flow Chart 2

29

.

Flow Chart 2:

Executing Agency

Implementing Agency

Component A - Sanitation (Sewerage & Drainage) Component B – Water Supply Component C – Slum Improvement Component D – Non Municipal Infrastructure Component E - Urban Transportation Component F – Institutional Development Component G - Investment Program Assistance

Program Director

(MD of KUIDFC)

Executive Director at

Regional Office, Dharwad. Technical

Admin

Finance

Social

Divisional Program Director (4

Divisional Program Office at Bellary, Dharwad, Gulbarga &

Belgaum

A state level Empowered

Committee for investment

Program

Consultant: DHV for

Gulbarga Package 3

Water Supply

Sewerage

Drainage

Bulk Water

Supply

Slum

Improvement

Karnataka State Fire

& Emergency

Services, The lake

Development

Authority,

Department of

Information and

relevant ULB

Lake Development,

Fire Fighting

Institutional

Development

Karnataka Slum

Clearance Board ULB KUWSDB DMA /

KUIDFC

Investment

Program

Assistance

KUIDFC

District Level

Programme Steering

Committee

30

Table 18: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment

Program Phase

Activity Details Responsible

Agency

Pre -construction phase

Investment Program Categorization

Conduct Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) for each sub-components using REA checklists

ULB

Reviewing the REA and assigning Investment Program category (Ea/Eb/Ec) based on NKUSIP Environmental Assessment Guidelines and ADB Guidelines

PMU

Conducting EA Conducting IEE/EIA based on the Investment Program categorization Conducting Public Consultation and information disclosure Preparation of SIEE/SEIA

Investment Program Consultants

Investment Program clearances

Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from other Government Agencies

ULB

Review of EIA/IEE Reviewing the EIA/IEE and SEIA/SIEE Reports to ensure compliance of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same

PMU

Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE

Information disclosure -SIEE/SEIA reports should be made available to the public, and on request IEE/EIA also made available.

ULB

Incorporation of mitigation measures into Investment Program design

Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA in investment Program design and in contract documents.


Review of design documents

Review of design and contractual documents for compliance of mitigation measures

PMU

Construction Phase

Implementation of mitigation measures

Implementation of necessary mitigation measures Contractor

Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in monitoring plan during construction stage; monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures


Preparation of progress reports

Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a section on implementation of the mitigation measures

ULB in assistance of PC

Review of progress reports

PMU to review the progress reports, consolidate and send to ADB review

PMU

Operation Stage

Environmental Monitoring

Conducting environmental monitoring, as specified in the environmental monitoring plan.

ULB

Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring to review the environmental performance of sub-project component, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan

KSPCB

Source: Analysis.

a. Training Needs

84. As described in the above table the PMU will involve in monitoring the Investment Program implementation while the ULB will implement the Investment Program. It is therefore important that these agencies and particularly the officials involved in the Investment Program to have understanding of the ADB‘s environmental assessment procedures and also of environmental issues of various urban infrastructure components. As far as implementation of mitigation measures on site is concerned the Contractor will be involved. Hence, it is important to orient the contractors and supervisory staff towards the implementation of mitigation measures and their consequences.

31

b. Environmental Safeguard Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism

85. The environmental Safeguard monitoring system of NKUSIP includes the specific roles assigned to the Contractor, CSS, Consultants ES, Divisional ES, Regional ES as well as the State ES. The role of each in environmental safeguard monitoring system is as follows 86. Contractor: The Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of necessary mitigation measures as per the Bid document. The EMP requirement mentioned shall be strictly adhered by the Contractor which are legally binding 87. Construction Supervision Specialist (CSS): CSS will be monitoring the critical environmental safeguards as specified in Monitoring plan during construction. Submit report (hard copy and soft copy) in each month for each sub-component project of the town duly signed by AEE (NKUSIP) and CSS to Consultant ES. 88. Consultant ES: Consultant ES shall ensure that the EMP requirements are included in the bid document and agreement. Submission of status of implementation of mitigation measures to PMU as a part of Monthly progress report 89. Divisional ES: A minimum of one visit to each town to monitor the Implementation of mitigation measures as per the Bid document and Contract Document. Submission of a report to RO office once in a month 90. Regional ES : Visit few nos. Of project Town once in a month and monitor the compliances of the EMP as given in Agreement. Training of officers involved in the project on EMP monitoring as required. Submit consolidated reports once in a month to PMU in each Month. 91. State ES: Visits to project towns and provide training as and when required. Analysis and consolidation of reports submitted by RO. Submission of report to ADB

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

A. Detailed Environmental Monitoring Plan for Proposed Sewerage Project 92. A preliminary cost estimate has been made for implementation of proposed Environmental Management Plan for NKUSIP program in Yadgir, which is presented in Table 19, below.:

Table 19: Environmental Monitoring Cost for Sewerage works Sl. No. Item Sampling Method /

Frequency of Monitoring

Cost per Annum

(Rs)

1. Water quality monitoring during operation period

1.1. Water quality of the nallah flowing adjacent to the

STP@ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring

and analysis.

Grab sample / Once 5,000.00

2. Water quality monitoring during operation period

2.1. Sewage quality at the inlet of STP @ approx. Rs.

5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in a

month

60,000.00

2.2. Treated sewage quality monitoring at the outlet of

STP @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring

Grab sample / Once in a

month

60,000.00

32

and analysis.

2.3. Treated sewage quality monitoring by third party

@ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and

analysis.

Grab sample / Once in four

season per year

20,000.00

3. Sludge quality monitoring @ approx. Rs. 5000 /

sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in two

years

2,500.00

Total 147,500.00

Cost of training programs will be part of the capacity enhancement program of NKUSIP

1. Environmental Monitoring Plan

93. The environmental monitoring plan for the proposed sub-project is summarized in the table given below:

Table 20: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage Works Mitigation Measures

Parameters tobe Monitored

Location Measurement Frequency Responsibility Preliminary Costing

Pre-construction Stage

All location and design related mitigation measures. The measures are to mitigate the following through appropriate design of process and layout. (i) loss of amenity and nuisance (ii) sludge disposal

Incorporation of mitigation measures in the design including air dispersion modeling for STP site.

N/a. Verification of Investment Program design documentation

One-off inspection of designs

PMU N/a. Design checking

Testing of Water Quality at Bhima at 100 meters upstream and 100 meter downstream from discharge point of treated waste water

Parameters Unit Drinking

pH - Turbidity N.T.U 5 Colour HazenUnit Hex-Ct mg/l 40 Fluorite mg/l Total Iron mg/l Nitrate as NO3 mg/l Alkalinity as mg/l

Bheema River

6.5-8.5

10 0.05

0.6-1.2

0.3

45

200

500 150

250

300

Verification of Investment Program design documentation

One-off inspection of designs

PMU

N/a. Design checking

33

Mitigation Measures



CaCo3 Dissolve Solids mg/l Sulphate as mg/l SO4 Chloride mg/l Total Hardness mg/l Calcium as Ca mg/l Magnesium as mg/l Mg DO Mg/

75 30

l 5

Construction Stage

All construction related mitigation measures: construction site control the dust and noise nuisance, road blocks and provide access to businesses while pipe laying

Incorporation of mitigation measures in the contract

N/a.

Verification of Contract

Documents before signing

One-off inspection of Contract Document

PMU Na. Design checking

Implementation of construction site management plan: (i) noise and dust nuisance at site, (ii) traffic maintenance

Dust and noise nuisance and disturbance to traffic

at the sewer laying sites and surroundi ngs

Monitoring of air quality and noise is not required. Ensure the implementation of mitigation measures (usage of standard equipment complying with CPCB Noise Standards for Construction Equipments); assess the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people

Weekly

CMC Yadgir with the assistance of Investment Program Consultants

Part of consultancy cost

Operation Stage

Check for Influent Inlet of Analyze the Monthly as CMC Yadgir Sampling

34

Mitigation Measures



contamination of groundwater/ agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated STP effluent.

wastewater quality

STP

wastewater characteristics including heavy metals such as Mercury (As Hg), Lead (as Pb) Cadmium (as Cd), Total chromium (as Cr), Copper (as Cu), Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni)

part of plant operation

and laboratory test costs: Rs.5000 per sample

Treated wastewater quality at outlet discharge point of STP

Outlet of STP

Analyze the characteristics to comply with the PCB disposal standards. These include:

mg/l

– 5.5 – 9.0

mg/l

Monthly as part of plant operation Seasonal (four seasons) as third party monitoring.

CMC Yadgir KSPCB

N/a. Routine Operation Sampling and laboratory test costs: Rs.5000 per sample (Rs.20000 per year)

Implementation of the Sludge Management Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling.

Health status of STP staff

N/a

Health check up for STP staff

Yearly once

CMC Yadgir

Rs.5000 per

Potential for Gas explosion in pipes

Gas monitoring for sewage pipes

Shaft is provided with manholes for removing gas. But periodical check of its functionability is important

Once in three month

CMC Yadgir

Rs. 100 per location per unit time

Bad odours emanating from sewerage pipes

Leakage monitoring

Mitigation measure and maintenance process to be addressed to remove odour

When it is needed

CMC Yadgir

Depends on length of leakage and maintenance requirement

Emergency Plan

Mask, hand gloves, adequate fire fighting equipment,

CMC Yadgir

35

Mitigation Measures



oxygen

Source: Analysis.

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Overview

94. A checklist of questions was kept ready and responses were elicited from people and guidelines were issued to field assistants for the purpose. The questions were kept simple for people to comprehend. Notes were made for the responses and viewpoints presented by people. The following table shows the details of it. Further Focus Group Discussions were carried out with the houses located at the nearest vicinity of STP Site. The issues raised during Public Consultation and the mitigation measures incorporated in design and IEE and presented in Table 21.

Table 21: Issues Addressed during Public Consultation along Project Area in Yadgir

S.NO Issues Raised during

Focus Group Discussion Mitigation Measures

1. Loss of Livelihood and Income restoration Options

This issue was raised by maximum number of villagers as loss of fertile land will deteriorate their income sources. Instead of lump sum money they were more interested for limited regular income. Particularly those persons whose land belongs to land. Though land is not very fertile land, so consultant was discussed and actual requirement has been told. It was discussed that there is no loss of livelihood or any displacement. But leakage and open drain intercepts sewer affects the health problem and vice versa agricultural land.

2. Water Logging and

Drainage

Participants had a fear that during construction widening and alignment of sewer, water a pipeline will alter natural drainage pattern in the area and may cause un ease situation for local people.

3. Odour and Mosquito Breeding

which will raise disease of Nandikur Village

The community raised concern on odor nuisance. The STP technology has been revised from ASP to FAL. It was also emphasized to the community that the distance of the STP is 1.8 km from the nearest habitation therefore odor nuisance is not anticipated. Regular cleaning and periodical sludge removal does not poses any health disease over area. Provision of buffer zone and landscaping has been Integrated as a part of STP which will effectively control the nuisance to the immediate surrounding.

4. Over flowing of untreated Sewage and polluting agricultural lands and

affecting livelihood of public.

STP unit is adequately sized to handle the sewage and desirable discharge limit. It won‘t affect the irrigation potentiality and not will hamper the productivity of land.

5. Safety Measure for any leakage of

gas which will affect the local people

Proper safety measure are in build in design and proper operation and maintenance no anticipated gas leakage is predicted. But still during O&M proper safety measure to control any leakage will be taken care of.

Source: Public Consultation.

36

B. Grievance Redressal Mechanisms

95. A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the Concerned District Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A. E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns, in addition to the functions of the committee, Grievance redress was included as additional function vide GO: No N. A. E. 167 PRJ 05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns and for the additional four towns of Yadgir, Nipanni, Illkal & Sindhanur which were included later the DLPSC was established along the function of grievance redress vide Go No N. A. E124 PRJ 2007, dated 29/11/07, hence a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project. 96. A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) is formed to ensure that grievances are addressed in a timely manner, facilitating timely project implementation. The GRC will comprise representatives from APs (ensuring representation of vulnerable households), local government/Yadgir ULB, Investment Program Officials – Deputy Project Director of NKUSIP, and NGOs/ community based organizations (CBOs). The GRC redresses grievances at the local-level in a consultative manner and with the participation of the affected households, or their representatives. GRC meetings will be convened as necessary to address complaints as they arise. The time and date of GRC meetings will be announced to APs by the implementing NGO and RO a week in advance. The Process of Grievances Redressal Mechanism is as follows:

37

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Overview:

97. In order to address the impacts predicted in the earlier sections, mitigation measures are discussed in this section and an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is recommended. EMP also identifies the role of various agencies in the implementation of these measures. 98. No major environmental or social issues are anticipated due to the implementation of the proposed waste water works. The critical issues will however be to minimise air and noise quality impacts during the execution of this project. 99. While, the impacts are not very severe and permanent, care has to be taken to ensure that the ambient environmental conditions do not deteriorate. The project on the whole will improve the health and sanitary conditions, water portability and drainage system of the project area.

38

Environmental Management Plan for Proposed Sewerage Works

Table 22: Environmental Management Plan for Sewerage Works Environmental Issue / Component

Remedial Measures Approximate Location

Timeframe Institutional Responsibility

Implementation

Super-vision

A. Design Phase

A.1. Existing water supply and other utility lines

During design, it will be ensured that water supply and other utilities may not get affected. If any kind of public utilities are required to be shifted, then this shifting be done before start of construction phase and in minimum time duration.

All along the proposed sewerage system and STP

During design phase

Contractor Design Consultant

A.2. Interference with street traffic/ blocking of access to building

In order to ensure access diversions to be prepared. Though no interference expected in major road only sub arterial roads some part are to be affected for local traffic

Arterial and Sub arterial road

During design phase


B. Construction Phase

B.1 Construction waste generation and disposal

During the construction phase the silt and solid waste generated, shall be disposed of at the site approved by engineer. The operations related to the cleaning, removal, storage and transportation of the waste materials shall be performed in strict adherence to the central & State Pollution Control Board norms.

Construction sites During Construction phase


B.2. Use of water for construction

The contractor will make arrangements for water required for construction in such a way that water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected. For construction purpose water will be taken from surface body.



B.3. Urban Services Construction wastes should be collected and disposed in environmentally sound manner as soon as construction is over at a particular stretch. In a particular stretch, where construction activities are being initiated, local people should be made aware about the construction schedule so that they co-operate with the construction activities. For construction purpose, local water resource should be used judiciously so as to avoid any shortage of water to other stakeholders.



B.4. Air pollution and dust emissions from construction activities

Vehicles transporting construction waste, loose and fine materials, like sand and fine aggregates should be fitted with tailboards to reduce spills. Water sprinkling to suppress dust shall be



39

carried out at the construction sites (if required). The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the level of dust from construction activities and machineries either by sprinkling of water or encapsulation of dust source and by erection of screen/barriers/curtains. Regular maintenance of machinery, vehicles and equipment will be carried out. All vehicles, plants and equipment used in construction will conform to the MOEF/SPCB air quality standards. Ambient air quality monitoring should be carried to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

B.5. Noise Levels Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) should be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines. Construction equipments and machinery should be maintained properly. Operation of construction machines will be scheduled to coincide with period when people would least likely be affected. The unloading of materials at construction sites in/close to settlements will be restricted to daytime only. Noise levels should be monitored during construction phase and suitable control measures should be taken, if noise levels are found to be above the prescribed standards.

Construction Sites During Construction phase


B.6. Sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps/worker‘s camp (Based on requirement of camp)

The construction camps will be located away from the habitation. Supply of sufficient quantity of potable water in every workplace/labour camp site at suitable and easily accessible places and regular maintenance of such facilities is to be ensured. The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. Unless otherwise arranged by local sanitary authority, arrangements for disposal of night soils (human excreta) will have to be provided by the contractor. Contractor will keep the sewage system for the camp area in such a fashion that no health hazard occurs. Separate toilets/bathrooms, wherever required, screened from those from men (marked in vernacular) are to be provided for women. Adequate water supply is to be provided in all toilets and urinals.

At Construction camp locations, wherever located along the Project corridor

During Construction phase


40

Temporary medical facilities to be provided by the contractor to the workers.

B.7. Drainage and runoff

Contractor will ensure that construction materials like earth, stone or appendage are disposed off in a way not to block the flow of water of any water course. In addition to the design requirements, the contractor will take all required measures as directed by the Engineer to prevent temporary or permanent flooding of the site or any adjacent area.

Throughout Project Corridor

Construction Phase


B.8. Accessibility The contractor will provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles and pedestrians. The contractor will not disturb the existing access for any construction activity without providing adequate alternate provisions. Barricade during excavation and construction should be provided


Construction phase


B-9. Inconvenience to access business, residential and other immediate facilities for the public and impact on livelihood die to loss of access to business.

The access for business and other facilities along the proposed sewer lining areas will be disturbed during construction period. During construction period contractor will place planks / makeshift pathways along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities


Construction Phase

Contractor

Supervision Consultant

B.10. Flora and Fauna The contractor will take reasonable precautions to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any flora (plant/vegetation) and fauna (animal/bird). The unloading/dumping of construction and waste materials should be done away from the existing trees.

Throughout Project corridor/ Worker‘s camp

Construction phase


B.11. Safety near construction activities

To ensure safe construction, temporary accesses during construction, lighting devices and safety signal devices will be installed. First aid facilities to be provided by the contractor at the construction sites. The contractor will take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic and people during construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as required by the Engineer for the information and protection of traffic approaching or passing through the construction areas. The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labor Organization (ILO)



41

Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work and no woman will be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form.

B.12. Contamination of soil from fuel and

Construction vehicles and equipment will be maintained and refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel


Construction Phase


lubricants Spillage does not contaminate the soil.

B.13. Contamination of soil from construction wastes

Construction wastes, generated, will be dumped by contractor in consultation with Engineer at suitable Site. Any excavated materials will be prioritized for re-use on-site. The contractors to seek the approval of the Project Management Unit and the Construction Supervision Specialist for designated disposal areas.


Construction Phase


B.14. Check for contamination of groundwater/ agricultural fields due to discharge of Untreated/partially treated STP effluent.

Construction wastes, generated, will be dumped by contractor in consultation with Engineer at suitable site.

Throughout Project Corridor and STP site

Construction Phase


B.15. Noise and air quality testing

As per CPCB ambient air quality and Noise quality standard


Construction Phase


C. Contractor’s Demobilization

C-1. Clean-up Operations, Restoration and Rehabilitation

The clean-up and restoration operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. The contractor will clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage and night soils waste as desired by Engineer. All construction zones used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor‘s expense, to the entire satisfaction to the Engineer.

Throughout Project corridor

Construction Phase

Contractor Design Engineer

D. Operation Phase (Defect Liability Period)

D.1. Waste water quality

After treatment and before treatment waste water quality to be monitored

At identified locations Operation Phase

CMC Yadgir CMC Yadgir

D.2 Pollution and health hazards due to improper sludge disposal methods

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in Drying beds before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or land filled.

STP Site Operation Phase


Sludge removal will be conducted every five STP Site Operation Phase CMC Yadgir CMC Yadgir

42

years. It will be dried in the sludge drying bed and analyzed prior to reuse as soil conditioner and/or fertilizer as per requirements of the CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage and Wastewater Treatment.

D.3. Water logging and/or overflowing of sewer due to clogged sewer lines

Monitoring during monsoon STP Site Operation Phase


D.4. Workers exposed to toxic gases in sewers in sewage during maintenance work

There should be proper measurement of hazardous gases in the sewers with the help of gas sensors. Safety equipment likemask, oxygen cylinder shall bekept for safety measure.

STP Site Operation Phase


B. 13 Testing of Water Quality c at 100 meters upstream and 100 meter downstream from discharge point of Treated waste water at Bhima.

Parameters Unit Drinking Water Standard 10500 pH - 6.5-8.5 Turbidity N.T.U 5 Colour Hazen 10 Unit

Hex-Ct 40

mg/l 0.05 Fluorite mg/l 0.6-1.2 Total iron mg/l 0.3 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 Alkalinity as mg/l 200 CaCo3 Dissolve Solids mg/l 500 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 150 Chloride mg/l 250 Total Hardness mg/l 300 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 Magnesium as mg/l 30 Mg DO Mg/l 5

IASt Bhima River Operation Phase


Waste Water Quality BOD, COD, Total Solid Inlet of STP Outlet of STP

Monthly as part of plant operation


Public health risks of using treated sewerage for agriculture

Sewage used for land irrigation is to be tested by KSPCB before land application to ensure it is not contaminated or pose risks to public health.

Outlet of treated waste water from STP

Monthly as part of plant operation

KSPCB CMC Yadgir

Odor, Pests, Vectors Nuisance

The lagoons will be monitored regularly for excessive algal bloom to mitigate odor nuisance. Good housekeeping will be mandatory at the STP site to

STP Monthly as part of plant operation

CMC Yadgir CMC YAdgir

43

prevent pest and vector nuisance. Earthen structures used as impoundments must be inspected for rodent damage.

Source: Analysis.

44

The recommended contract clauses are given as Appendix 2.

X. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Prioritization based on Environmental Issues

100. The present study is an attempt to highlight important environmental considerations undertaken in study of construction of new sewage system under NKUSIP and use finding from this study to determine the nature and focus under the IEE. 101. Environmental indicators are developed based on the severity of negative impacts produced by the sewage improvement program. An indicator so selected has been assigned depending upon the nature and severity of externalities

Environmental Screening Matrix / Results for Sewerage Work 102. A matrix of environmental impacts, as shown below in Table: 23 was developed from examination of potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures discussed in earlier Sections

Table 23: Matrix of Environmental Impacts of Proposed Sewerage Works

Physical Resources

Environmental Attributes

Human and Economic Development

Quality of Life Values

To

po

gra

ph

y

So

il/G

eo

log

y

Ero

sio

n/S

ed

ime

nta

ti

on

Su

rfa

ce

Wate

r

Gro

un

d W

ate

r

Air

Qu

ali

ty

Ec

olo

gy

La

nd

Us

e

Co

mm

un

itie

s

Tra

de

/Co

mm

erc

e

Infr

as

tru

ctu

re

Ho

us

ing

Tra

ns

po

rtati

on

So

cio

-eco

no

mic

Res

ett

lem

en

t

Pu

bli

c H

ea

lth

Flo

od

ing

/Wa

ter

Cu

ltu

ral/

His

tori

ca

l

Aes

the

tics

Rec

rea

tio

n

Construction Phase

Operation Phase

Source : Analysis.

Insignificant impact, no change over existing conditions

Minor short time negative impact

Moderate short-term negative impact

Positive impact

Significant positive impact

103. As evidenced from the above matrix, the project is not expected to cause any irreversible impact on the area. However, most of the environmental impacts that are likely will occur for a short period of time during construction phase. The project upon completion would realize several positive impacts, most significant of which being the improved environmental quality and centralized waste water system.

45

(i) The Environmental ManagementPlan (EMP) along with monitoring plan should be ensured for proper implementation from contractor.

(ii) Since the city does not have any sewerage system, the CMC should take appropriate action for commissioning of 11.00 MLD STP to promptly solve the unsanitary conditions prevailing in the city.

(iii) It may be emphasized that, owning to : (i) scale of activity, (ii) location of the proposed sub-project component, and (iii) ‗no environmental sensitivity‘ of the

(iv) sub-project town, none of the components required to go through the process of EIA. It may be emphasized that the present IEE, which identifies potential impacts and suggests appropriate mitigation measures, is sufficient enough to safeguard the environment. There are no significant adverse impacts, which are irreversible or may lead to considerable loss/destruction of environment, envisaged. All the impacts are simple and moreover proven mitigation measures exists to minimize/mitigate the same. Hence, no further study such as an EIA is required.

46 Appendix 1

APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST Instructions:

This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a

Regional Department.

This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.

Answer the questions assuming the ―without mitigation‖ case. The purpose is to identify

potential impacts. Use the ―remarks‖ section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures. Country / Project Title India / North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Programme Sector Division Urban Developement

SEWAGE TREATMENT

A. Project Siting Is the project area…

Densely populated? The population distribution shows that the

town core, i.e. the Yadgir City area, is

densely populated.

Heavy with development activities?

Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

No stretch of the sewerage subproject

components is within locations in or near

sensitive and valuable ecosystems, including

protected areas and forests.

Cultural heritage site

Protected Area

Wetland

Mangrove

Estuarine

Buffer zone of protected area

Special area for protecting biodiversity

Bay

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

Not anticipated. The subproject will

improve/prevent degradation of cultural

property, loss of cultural heritage and

tourism revenue.

interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings?

Anticipated during construction activities.

However, impacts are temporary and short

in duration. The EMP ensures measures are

included to mitigate the impacts.

nuisance to neighboring areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?

Not anticipated.

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

No displacement of communities is required

in this subproject.

Appendix 1 47

disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

Not applicable.

impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated sewage?

Collected sewage will be treated at the STP.

overflows and flooding of neighboring properties with raw sewage?

The subproject will improve current

situation of discharging sewage to open

drains.

environmental pollution due to inadequate sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges illegally disposed in sewers?

The EMP ensures measures are included to

manage sludge. Yadgir CMC to ensure only

domestic sewage will be disposed in the

sewer network.

noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?





risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, and biological hazards during project construction and operation?

Not anticipated. The EMP ensures

occupational health and safety measures are

included.

discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers?

Not anticipated. The subproject sites are

predominantly residential areas. Thus

discharge of hazardous materials into sewers

are unlikely.

inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?

The STP site includes at least 100-m buffer

zone.

road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during the rainy season?

Not anticipated. Construction activities will

be conducted during non-monsoon season.

noise and dust from construction activities? Anticipated during construction activities.




traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?





Construction contractors will be required to

coordinate with the local traffic police.

temporary silt runoff due to construction? Run-off during construction will be more.




Construction contractors will be prohibited

from stockpiling loose materials along drain

channels and will be required to

immediately dispose any waste materials.

hazards to public health due to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewerage system?

Not anticipated. Design life of the

subproject is 30 years.

deterioration of water quality due to inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage water?

Not anticipated. The EMP ensures measures

are included to manage sludge. The STP

includes an O&M Manual to ensure effluent

complies with government standards.

contamination of surface and ground waters due to sludge disposal on land?


are included to manage sludge.

health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials which maybe contained in confined areas, sewage flow and exposure to pathogens in untreated


are included to mitigate the impacts. An

O&M Manual including emergency

response, for the STP will also be developed

48 Appendix 1

sewage and unstabilized sludge? as part of the subproject.

large population increase during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure (such as sanitation system)?

Priority in employment will be given to

local residents. Construction contractors will

be required to provide workers camp with

water supply and sanitation. Yadgir CMC

will provide manpower to operate the

improved system.

social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and community workers?

Priority in employment will be given to

local residents.

risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?

Not applicable. Construction will not

involve use of explosives and chemicals.

Trenching will be done manually.

community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

Operational area will be clearly demarcated

and access will be controlled. Only worker

and project concerned members will be

allowed to visit the operational sites.

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions

The following questions are not for environmental

categorization. They are included in this checklist to help

identify potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No Remarks

Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes,

floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges,

tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see

Appendix I)?

Environmental factors like lithology, regolithic

characteristics have very limited or no

influence on the foundation, which are already

found to be suitable, and the area is free from

landslide problems. Any proposed facility will

require compliance with government rules for

seismic design.

Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or extreme

events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or

financial sustainability (e.g., increased extreme rainfall

increases flooding, damaging proposed infrastructure)?

Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the

Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g., high incidence

of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal

settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

Proposed project will not impact any

marginalized population, rural-urban migrants,

illegal settlement, etc.

Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster

vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by paving

vulnerable groundwater recharge areas, or using water from

a vulnerable source that is relied upon by many user groups,

or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

Appendix 2 49

APPENDIX 2: RECOMMENDED CONTRACT CLAUSES A. Sources of Materials

(i) Use quarry sites and sources permitted by government (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PMU and

CSS (iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction has started, obtain

written approval from PMU and (iv) Submit to CSS on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials

B. Air Quality

(i) Consult with CSS on the designated areas for stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel and other construction materials

(ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather

(iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks

(iv) Carry out air quality monitoring as per EMP; and (v) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices

which are operating correctly C. Surface Water Quality

(i) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets

(ii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, consult with PMU/CSS on designated disposal areas

(iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies

(iv) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies

(v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites and

(vi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management Plan

D. Noise Levels

(i) Plan activities in consultation with PMU/CSS so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance

(ii) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle‘s approach

(iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers fitting jackhammers with noise reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor

(iv) Measurement of noise level at construction site as per EMP (v) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 dB when measure d at a

distance of 10 m or more from the vehicles E. Existing Infrastructure and Facilities

(i) Obtain from PMU/CSS the list of affected utilities and operators;

50 Appendix 2

(ii) Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services

F. Accessibility

(i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites;

(ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic

congestion (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner (vi) Coordinate with Traffic Police/ concerned department for temporary road

diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours

(vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns / complaints

G. Landscape and Aesthetics

(i) Prepare and implement Waste Management Plan; (ii) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (iii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse

recycling and disposal to designated areas (iv) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings

shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (v) Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that the necessary environmental

restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work. H. Socio-Economic – Income

(i) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access for

people and vehicles (iii) Increase workforce in front of critical areas such as institutions, place of (iv) worship, business establishment, hospitals, and schools (v) Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this

in work schedule (vi) Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of

construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints I. Socio-Economic – Employment

(i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons within the 2-km immediate area if manpower is available; and

(ii) Secure construction materials from local market. J. Occupational Health and Safety

(i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H and S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) H and S Training for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents

Appendix 2 51

(ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site

(iii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers (iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks (v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water; (vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or

noxious substances (vii) Provide H and S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are

apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers

(viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted

(ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas

(x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms (xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized

electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate

(xii) xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dB(A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively

K. Community Health and Safety

(i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities (ii) Liaise with PMU/CSS in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to

minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure

L. Work Camps

(i) Consult with PMU/CSS before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants;

(ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees (iii) Provide water and sanitation facilities for employees (iv) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood (v) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can

potentially cause soil contamination (vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site (vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse

recycling and disposal to designated areas (viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings

shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (ix) (ix) Request SIPMU/CSS to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and

restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work M. Social and Cultural Resources

(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds of any historical remnants in any excavation work

52 Appendix 2

(ii) Request PMU/CSS or any authorized person with field training to observe excavation

(iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected (iv) Inform PMU/CSS if a find is suspected, and take any action they require

ensuring its removal or protection in site

Ap

pe

nd

ix 3

53

APPENDIX 3: Schematic Diagram of Yadgir STP

Distance of the STP Site to the Nearest Habitation/Settlement