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Inactive & Overweight Inactive & Overweight Kids: What can Physical Kids: What can Physical
Educators Do?Educators Do?
Stephen C. JefferiesStephen C. Jefferies&&
Kirk E. MathiasKirk E. MathiasCentral Washington UniversityCentral Washington University
President John F. KennedyPresident John F. Kennedy
presents…presents…
A Vision for A Vision for
Children’s Health in AmericaChildren’s Health in America
The Problem? The Problem? Growing ObesityGrowing Obesity
In the last 30 years . . .In the last 30 years . . . NEARLY TRIPLED OBESITYNEARLY TRIPLED OBESITY
Children ages 2-5 (5 to 14%)Children ages 2-5 (5 to 14%)
Youth ages 12-19 (5 to 17%)Youth ages 12-19 (5 to 17%) QUADRUPLED OBESITYQUADRUPLED OBESITY
Children ages 6-11 (4 to19%)Children ages 6-11 (4 to19%)
(Ogden, Carroll, & Flegan, 2003)(Ogden, Carroll, & Flegan, 2003)
Health Implications of ObesityHealth Implications of Obesity
YouthYouth poor self esteempoor self esteem lower quality of life lower quality of life hypertensionhypertension obstructive sleep apnea and gallbladder disease obstructive sleep apnea and gallbladder disease
tripled between 97-99tripled between 97-99 type 2 diabetes (45% of all newly diagnosed diabetes type 2 diabetes (45% of all newly diagnosed diabetes
cases in pediatrics)cases in pediatrics)
AdultsAdults overweight by age 8 results in adult with BMI of 41 overweight by age 8 results in adult with BMI of 41
adult obesity identified at 35.adult obesity identified at 35.
(Rosenbloom, 2002)
Parents will have a longer
Parents will have a longer
lifespan than their c
hildren
lifespan than their c
hildren
(Dietz & Robinson, 2005)
Cause of ObesityCause of Obesity
Children are Children are consuming too muchconsuming too much of the of the wrong kinds of food and beverages and wrong kinds of food and beverages and doing too littledoing too little. .
Energy Balance
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Time
Cal
ori
esSed Un
Sed Healthy
Active Un
Active Healthy
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
read
/tv/
read
/tv/
sit/
eat
sit/
eat
trav
eltr
avel
clas
scl
ass clas
scl
ass
vid
eo g
ames
/tv
vid
eo g
ames
/tv
din
ne
rd
inn
er
trav
el
slee
psl
eep
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
clas
scl
assclas
scl
ass
The Impact of Just One Soda…The Impact of Just One Soda…
12 oz soda = 160 calories12 oz soda = 160 calories
Walk 45 minutes = no weight gainWalk 45 minutes = no weight gain
Failure to exercise for 22 days = gain 1lbFailure to exercise for 22 days = gain 1lb
Failure to exercise for 1 year = gain 20lbsFailure to exercise for 1 year = gain 20lbs
Shared Responsibility Shared Responsibility
Government
Communities
FamilySchools
Industry & Media
Overweight children become overweight adults. (Perry et al., 1990)
GovernmentGovernment
Obesity is a security riskObesity is a security risk
Financial consequencesFinancial consequences
Social consequencesSocial consequences
Future perspectiveFuture perspective
Industry & MediaIndustry & Media
Advertising bans & Advertising alternativesAdvertising bans & Advertising alternatives
Collaborative agreementsCollaborative agreements sodassodas snack foodssnack foods
Refocus on healthier and profitable Refocus on healthier and profitable alternativesalternatives
CommunitiesCommunities
TWO key issues:TWO key issues:
1.1. SafetySafety
2.2. AccessibilityAccessibility
CommunitiesCommunities
Environmental modifications including:Environmental modifications including: recreation facilitiesrecreation facilities
parks, pools, gyms, trailsparks, pools, gyms, trails safe roadssafe roads bike lanes and trailsbike lanes and trails walking routeswalking routes child accessible parkschild accessible parks
Physical activity program accessibilityPhysical activity program accessibility team sportsteam sports sport lessonssport lessons recreational sports/activitiesrecreational sports/activities
FamiliesFamilies
Prevent obesity Prevent obesity before it startsbefore it starts
FamiliesFamilies
Develop parenting skillsDevelop parenting skills birth – k habitsbirth – k habits limit sedentary activitieslimit sedentary activities
control TV, video and computer usecontrol TV, video and computer use promote active playpromote active play encourage active transportation to and from encourage active transportation to and from
schoolschool support and engage the students in after support and engage the students in after
school activities and recreational programsschool activities and recreational programs search out summer activity programssearch out summer activity programs
..and then there are our schools
Energy Balance by Groups
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Calo
ries
Sed Un
Sed Healthy
Active Un
Active Healthy
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
read
/tv/
read
/tv/
sit/
eat
sit/
eat
trav
eltr
avel
clas
scl
ass clas
scl
ass
vid
eo g
ames
/tv
vid
eo g
ames
/tv
din
ne
rd
inn
er
trav
el
slee
psl
eep
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
rec
es
s/t
alk
to
fri
en
ds
clas
scl
assclas
scl
ass
SchoolFamilies Families
Industry & Media
Government
SchoolsSchoolsSchool MealsSchool MealsCompetitive FoodsCompetitive FoodsResist School Marketing & AdvertisingResist School Marketing & AdvertisingSchool Wellness PoliciesSchool Wellness PoliciesRecessRecessLonger School DayLonger School DayChanging School Policies - Words of AdviceChanging School Policies - Words of AdvicePE ClassesPE ClassesPE Substitutions and WaiversPE Substitutions and WaiversTransportationTransportation
Physical EducationPhysical Education
Daily Physical EducationDaily Physical EducationBefore and After School ProgramsBefore and After School ProgramsSharing Body Mass Index & Student Health DataSharing Body Mass Index & Student Health Data10 minutes Classroom-based Physical Activity 10 minutes Classroom-based Physical Activity program (GoZonkers.tv)program (GoZonkers.tv)Activity promoting programsActivity promoting programs Log itLog it VerbVerb
Summer and Vacation PE programsSummer and Vacation PE programsBe an Advocate - Role modelBe an Advocate - Role model
Physical EducationPhysical Education
Changing Physical EducationChanging Physical Education Increase actual activity time during class. Increase actual activity time during class.
decrease down time or waiting time (Siedentop, 1987; Simons-decrease down time or waiting time (Siedentop, 1987; Simons-Morton, 1993; Healthy People 2010) Morton, 1993; Healthy People 2010)
Activity variety Activity variety Drills are often not motivatingDrills are often not motivating Success = fun = lifelong physical activity participation Success = fun = lifelong physical activity participation Avoid discouraging the overweight and inactive!Avoid discouraging the overweight and inactive!
Redefining Physical Redefining Physical Education for the 21Education for the 21stst Century Century““The activities selected to be taught within school hours The activities selected to be taught within school hours
must tend to carry over into the out-of-school play must tend to carry over into the out-of-school play periods. During childhood and youth the only activities periods. During childhood and youth the only activities which will be carried on with intensity are the play which will be carried on with intensity are the play activities. These activities tend to be continued because activities. These activities tend to be continued because of the pleasure they give. Formalized and artificial of the pleasure they give. Formalized and artificial activities are fatiguing and uninteresting after the novelty activities are fatiguing and uninteresting after the novelty has worn off, and they cease to go on as soon as adult has worn off, and they cease to go on as soon as adult compulsion is discontinued.”compulsion is discontinued.”
Clark Hetherington, Clark Hetherington, School program in physical education School program in physical education (1922)(1922)
Habit ChangingHabit Changing
“We want students to habituallyhabitually choose to be active and to eat
healthy foods.”
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