IN ANIMAL FEEDSTUFF FORMULATIONS MAIZE AGRI · PDF filemielie agri-produkte in die formulering van dierevoere maize agri-products in animal feedstuff formulations ths coproduct repro

MIELIE AGRI-PRODUKTE

IN DIE FORMULERING VAN DIEREVOEREMAIZE AGRI-PRODUCTS

IN ANIMAL FEEDSTUFF FORMULATIONS

THS COPRODUCT REPRO 2008/9 11/25/08 2:37 PM Page 1

ForewordVoorwoord


TToonnggaaaatt HHuulleetttt SSttaarrcchh is the Starch and Glucose Division of the Tongaat-

Hulett Group, and is the largest wet-miller on the African continent, with mills

in Germiston, Meyerton, Kliprivier and Bellville. The company’s technological

agreement with CPI (Corn Products International) – a world leader in the

wet-milling industry – and an ISO 9001:2000 listing, underlines TToonnggaaaatt HHuulleetttt

SSttaarrcchh’s ongoing commitment and quest for quality products and services.

This brochure has been produced as a guide to customers who could benefit

from the application of TToonnggaaaatt HHuulleetttt SSttaarrcchh’s agri-products for animal

feedstuff formulations. The information provided herein underlines the quality

and value of the company’s agri-products and is offered as part of our

commitment to customer satisfaction.

FOREWORD

TToonnggaaaatt HHuulleetttt SSttaarrcchhis die Stysel- en Glukose-divisie van die Tongaat-

Hulett-groep, en is die grootste natmieliemeulenaar in Afrika, met fabrieke in

Germiston, Meyerton, Kliprivier en Bellville. Die maatskappy se tegnologiese

ooreenkoms met CPI (Corn Products International) – 'n wêreldleier in die

natmaalbedryf – asook 'n ISO 9001:2000-gradering, beklemtoon TToonnggaaaatt

HHuulleetttt SSttaarrcchhse volgehoue toewyding en strewe na produkte en dienste

van gehalte.

Dié brosjure is 'n gids vir klante wat TToonnggaaaatt HHuulleetttt SSttaarrcchhse agri-produkte

tot hul voordeel in dierevoerformulasies kan aanwend. Die inligting hierin

beklemtoon die gehalte en waarde van die maatskappy se agri-produkte en

maak deel uit van ons strewe na kliëntetevredenheid.

VOORWOORD



HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOUTH AFRICA’SMAIZE PRODUCTION CAPABILITY

Maize has long been South Africa’s most important agricultural crop and accounts for

more than 45 percent of the total value of field crops. Not only is it the staple food for

most of the population, it is one of the country’s most significant feed grains. In addition,

the maize industry earns considerable foreign exchange and contributes to many

employment opportunities

One of the unfortunate characteristics of maize farming in SA is that production varies

dramatically from season to season. Over one particular period of two years, production

dropped from 12,4 million tons to 8 million tons. Such variations are twice those

experienced in the USA.

Since May 1995, the grain and oilseed industry in South Africa has been subject to a

free-market system, with import tariffs in place, to provide some protection against low

priced imports of grain. Maize production in SA is approximately 8 million metric tons,

with little prospect of increased production. (All available farmland is used and severe

restrictions on water for irrigation are foreseen). With the demand for animal products

increasing each year, maize imports will become a long-term reality.

HISTORIESE AGTERGROND OOR SUID AFRIKASE VERMOË OM MIELIES TE PRODUSEER

Mielies is lank reeds Suid-Afrika se belangrikste landbougewas en maak meer as

45 persent van die totale waarde van graangewasse uit. Dit is die stapelvoedsel van die

grootste deel van die bevolking, en is een van die land se belangrikste voergraan-

gewasse. Boonop verdien die mieliebedryf groot bedrae aan buitelandse valuta en

bied talle werkgeleenthede. Een van die groot uitdagings van mielieboerdery in

Suid-Afrika is dat produksie van die een seisoen na die volgende aansienlik kan wissel.

In 'n bepaalde tydperk van twee jaar het produksie van 12,4 miljoen ton na 8 miljoen ton

gedaal. Sulke wisselings is twee keer groter as wat in die VSAervaar word.

Sedert Mei 1995 is Suid-Afrika se graan- en oliesaadbedrywe aan 'n vryemarkstelsel

blootgestel, met invoertariewe wat 'n mate van beskerming teen die invoer van goed-

koop graan bied. Suid-Afrika se mielieproduksie beloop sowat 8 miljoen metrieke ton,

met weinig kans tot enige verdere toename in produksie. (Alle beskikbare landbougrond

word reeds benut, en na verwagting sal al hoe minder water vir besproeiing gebruik kan

word.) Die vraag na diereprodukte styg elke jaar, en dus sal die invoer van mielies oor

die lang termyn 'n werklikheid word.


MAIZE WET-MILLING

Maize is an incredibly versatile grain. The end products of its processing are numerous,

and they are used in countless foods, beverages, drugs, cosmetics, industrial products,

as well as in animal feeds.

The first step in the processing of maize is “steeping”, which through softening the kernel,

facilitates the separation of the various components of the maize kernel.

Maize components:

WWaatteerr constitutes about 12,6 percent of the maize kernel, with the balance

of the kernel (on a DM basis) being as follows:

• SSttaarrcchh occurs in the endosperm of the grain in the form of granules and constitutes

about 70 percent of the kernel. It is a source of starches and nutritive sweeteners.

• Most of the protein is found in the endosperm and is referred to as gglluutteenn. This

non-soluble protein is seperated from the starch slurry and is known as Gluten-60.

• The hhuusskk is the fine skin around the kernel. The husks go into Gluten-20 for animal

feedstuffs.

• The ggeerrmm is the seed-like pod within the kernel. It contains about 50% oil and is a

source of oil for use in foodstuffs, drugs, and industrial products. Once most of the oil

has been removed, the remainder of the germ becomes maize germ cake meal and is

used in animal feed formulations.

The wet-milling process begins when maize is steeped in warm water and sulphur

dioxide to soften the kernels. The process is strictly controlled so that the bacterium

Lactobacillus can reach an optimum level of lactic acid, which softens the maize by dis-

solving some of the protein and other binding material.

At the end of the steeping period, the excess liquid - corn steep liquor (CSL) - is separated

and concentrated by evaporation to a heavy liquid of approximately 40 percent solids.

• The softened maize kernels are ground just enough to crack the kernel and free the

germ which still has some endosperm fragments (starch, gluten, and husks) clinging

to it. The germ is then separated from these fragments in hydrocyclones and dried to

a moisture content of approximately 4 percent.

NATMAAL VAN MIELIES

Mielies is 'n buitengewoon veelsydige graansoort. Die eindproduk na verwerking

is veelvuldig en word aangewend in talle voedselsoorte, dranke, genees- en

skoonheidsmiddels, nywerheidsprodukte asook dierevoer. Die eerste stap in die

prosessering van mielies is die weekproses, wat die skeiding van die verskeie dele

van die mieliepit vergemaklik deur dit sag te maak.

Die komponente is as volg:

Hoewel die mieliepit sowat 12,6 persent vvooggbevat, bestaan die res van die mieliepit

(op 'n DM-basis) uit die volgende:

•SSttyysseellkom voor in die endosperm van die mieliepit en maak sowat 70 persent van die

pit uit. Dit is 'n bron van stysel en voedselversoeters.

•Die meeste van die proteïene kom in die endosperm voor en word gglluutteenngenoem.

Hierdie onoplosbare proteïen word vanaf die stysel geskei en staan bekend as

Gluten-60 (word aangewend in die vervaardiging van hoëprotein konsentrate

asook hondekos en katkos).

•Die vesel is die dun vel om die mieliepit. Die vveesseellword met die weekwater gemeng

en word dan gedroog tot die eindproduk wat as Gluten-20 bekend staan.

•Die kkiieemmis die saadagtige deel in die mieliepit. Dit bevat sowat 50% olie en is 'n bron

van olie vir voedsel, geneesmiddels asook nywerheidprodukte. Sodra die meeste

van die olie verwyder is, word die res van die kiem, nl mieliekiemkoekmeel, in die

veevoer bedryf aangewend.

Die natmaalproses begin deur die mielies in warm water en swaeldioksied te week om

die pitte sag te maak. Die proses word streng beheer sodat die Lactobacillus-bakterie

kan vermeerder. Dié bakterieë produseer melksuur wat die mielies sag maak deur 'n

deel van die proteïen en ander bindmateriaal op te los. Ná afloop van die weektydperk

word die oortollige water – mielieweekwater (MWW) – deur verdamping geskei en

gekonsentreer tot 'n dik vloeistof met sowat 40 persent vastestowwe.

•Die sagte mieliepitte word net genoeg gemaal om dit te kraak en die kiem, waaraan

die endospermfragmente (stysel, gluten en doppe) vaskleef, los te maak. Die kiem

word dan in hidrosiklone van dié fragmente geskei en tot 'n voginhoud van sowat

4 persent gedroog.


• The starch, gluten, and husks are finely ground to reduce the size of the starch grains

and gluten particles, which are then removed with sieves.

• The husks (fibre) are separated, mixed with CSL, and dried to a moisture content

of 12 percent, resulting in Gluten-20. CSL is rich in minerals and protein (50% crude

protein on a DM basis) that have been leached from the maize, and in

combination with the husks is a valuable animal feed ingredient.

• The starch granules and gluten particles are separated from each other. The gluten is

washed again to remove the last traces of starch and dried to a moisture content of

approximately 9 percent.

• The starch is refined so that it is ready for processing into starch powders and glucose

syrups.

The main object of maize wet milling is to manufacture starch and glucose syrups,

as well as various glucose powders.

•Die stysel, gluten en vesel word fyngemaal om die styselkorrels en glutendeeltjies

kleiner te maak, en dié word dan met siwwe verwyder.

•Die vesel word geskei, met MWW gemeng en tot 'n voginhoud van 12 persent

gedroog, met Gluten-20 as die eindproduk. MWW bevat baie minerale en proteïene

(50% ru-proteïen op 'n DM-basis) wat uit die mielies geloog is, en saam met die vesel

is dit 'n waardevolle veevoerbestanddeel.

•Die styselkorrels en glutendeeltjies word van mekaar geskei. Die gluten word weer

gewas om die oorblywende stysel te verwyder en dan tot 'n voginhoud van sowat

9 persent gedroog.

•Die stysel word geraffineer sodat dit geskik is om tot styselpoeier en

glukosestroop/poeier geprosesseer te word.

Die belangrikste doelwit met die natmaalproses is om stysel en glukose stroop

en poeier te vervaardig.


THE MAIZE WET MILLING PROCESSCO-PRODUCTS GENERATION AND APPLICATION

MAIZE DELIVEREDMaize offloading

MAIZE CLEANED

STEEPING TANKS

MAIZE KERNEL CRACKED(COARSE MILL)

GERM SEPARATION

MILLING PROCESS(FINE MILL)

FIBRE SEPARATION

GLUTEN/STARCH SEPARATION

STARCH WASHED

STARCH

DRIED

ENZYME/ACID CONVERSION

GLUCOSEPOWDER

GLUCOSESYRUP

A medium protein (20%), mediumenergy (75% TDN) product is wide-ly used in ruminant, poultry and pigrations. In ruminant rations it par-tially replaces more expensive pro-teins while at the same time reduc-ing starch levels thereby limiting aci-dosis. It may be included at levelsof 15 to 20% of the diet. In poultryand pig rations gluten-20 can beincluded at levels of 10 to 15% with-out reducing feed efficiency or egg ormeat production

This protein and energy rich rawmaterial (61% crude protein) with ahigh bypass value contains anabundance of sulphur - amino acidswhich are invaluable for wool andmilk production. High levels (8 to15%) of Gluten-60 may be fed inpoultry and pig diets, providing theamino acids are balanced correctly.The dark yellow colour contributesto yolk and skin colour in poultry

DRYERDRYER

FIBRE+ CORN STEEP

LIQUOR

MAIZE FIBRE

GERM EXPELLED

MAIZE OILMAIZE

GERM MEAL

Fibre Separation

The steeping process gives rise to

steepwater which is concentrated

to give corn steep liquor (CSL)

which is added back to the maize

fibre to give gluten-20. CSL has

50% crude protein on a dry matter

basis and is rich in energy and min-

erals

HEAVY STEEPWATERMaize is steeped in water plus

sulphur dioxide at 50oC for 36

hours. Lactobacil lus bacteria

thrive producing lactic acid.

Soluble nutrients leach out. The

softened kernels are subsequently

cracked and milled

Steeping Tanks

Germ 6.5%

Gluten-60 4.5%

Gluten-20 17.5%

Starch 70%

The soluble portions of

the kernel are used for

food and feed materials

Gluten-60

GLUTEN-60GLUTEN-20

DIE MIELIE NATMAALPROSES,AGRI-PRODUKTE EN -AANWENDING

GELEWERDE MIELIESMielies afgelaai

MIELIES SKOONGEMAAK

WEEKTENKS

MIELIEPIT GEKRAAK(GROF MAAL)

KIEMAFSKEIDING

MAALPROSES(FYN MAAL)

VESEL AFSKEIDING

GLUTEN/STYSEL AFSKEIDING

STYSEL GEWAS

STYSEL

GEDROOG

ENSIEM/SUUR-OMSETTING

GEPOEIERDEGLUKOSE

GLUKOSESTROOP

‘n Middelmaat-proteien (20%), middel-maatenergie (75% TVV) produkword algemeen gebruik in herkouer-,pluimvee- en varkrantsoene. In her-kouerrantsoene vervang dit gedeeltelikdie duurder proteiene, terwyl ditstyselvlakke verlaag en daardeurasidose beperk. Dit mag teen vlakkevan 15 tot 20% van die dieet ingesluitword. In pluimvee- en varkrantsoenemag Gluten-20 teen vlakke van 10tot 15% ingesluit word sonder omvoerdoeltreffendheid, eier- of vleis-produksie te verlaag.

Hierdie proteien en energierykegrondstof (61% ruproteien) met ‘nhoë verbyvloeiwaarde bevat ‘noorvloed swaelaminosuur wat vanonskatbare waarde is met wol enmelk-produksie. Hoë vlakke (8 tot15%) Gluten-60 mag in pluimvee-en varkdiete gevoer word mits dieaminosure korrek gebalanseer is.Die donkergeel kleur dra by toteiergeel- en velkleur by pluimvee.

DROËRDROËR

VESEL+ MIELIE-

WEEKWATER

MIELIEVESEL

KIEM UITGEPARS

MIELIEOLIEMIELIE-

KIEMMEEL

Vesel-afskeiding

Die weekproses lei tot weekwater

wat gekonsentreer word om mielie-

weekwater (MWW) te verkry wat

weer by die mielievesel gevoeg

word om Gluten-20 te vervaardig,

MWW het 50% ruproteien op ‘n

droe basis en is ryk aan energie en

minerale.

SWAAR WEEKWATERMielies word in water en swawel-

dioksied geweek teen 50oC vir

36 uur.Lactobacillus bakteria

floreer en vervaardig melksuur.

Oplosbare voedingstowwe word

uitgeloog. Die versagde pitte word

daarna gebreek en gemaal.

Weektenks

Kiem 6.5%

Gluten-60 4.5%

Gluten-20 17.5%

Stysel 70%

Die oplosbare delevan die pit word virvoer en voeding-stowwe gebruik

Gluten-60

GLUTEN-60GLUTEN-20



TIPIESE ONTLEDING VANTONGAAT HULETT STARCH SE AGRI-PRODUKTE

(SOOS GEVOER BASIS)

Gluten-60 Gluten-20 MWW Vol VetKiem

Droë materiaal %92904095

ME, MJ/kg (pluimvee)15,98,64,421,1

VE, MJ/kg (varke)17,6610,574,823,9

NEL, Mcal/kg1,841,720,70-

ME, MJ/kg (herkouers)13,211,24,820,6

TVV %88,075,032,0137,6

Ruproteïen %63,020,019,310,5

Verbyvloeiproteïen % van RP60252536,19

Verbyvloeiproteïen %37,85,04,83,8

Arganien %2,000,90,880,73

Lisien %1,050,60,640,51

Metionien %1,750,360,400,34

TSAS metionien en sistien %2,700,851,040,57

Triptofan %0,310,120,040,11

Isoleusien %2,680,550,560,39

Treonien %2,20,750,720,62

Ru-vet %2,02,00,049,8

Neutrale suiweringsvesel (NSV) %12,740,80,09,7

Suursuiweringsvesel (SSV) %4,69,70,02,0

Ruvesel %2,69,40,06,0

Nie-strukturele koolhidraat %9,723,015,324,2

Kalsium %0,070,160,110,02

Beskikbare fosfor %0,150,220,440,09

Totale fosfor %0,500,771,440,28

Natrium (Na) %0,050,050,090,04

Chloor (Cl) %0,080,20,340,1

Magnesium (Mg) %0,100,370,570,08

Swawel (S) %0,720,190,47-

Kalium (K) %0,101,201,920,16

Yster (Fe) mg/kg28040288179

Koper (Cu) mg/kg2538,412,52,42

Mangaan (Mn) mg/kg423,723,21,99

Sink (Zn) mg/kg4057,452,855

Selenium (Se) mg/kg0,830,240,280,18

Totale as %1,87,87,86,1

Lynoleïnesuur1,32---

Densiteit kg/m36005201 250410

Gluten-60 Gluten-20 CSL Full Fat

Germ

Dry matter, % 92 90 40 95

ME, MJ/kg (poultry) 15,9 8,6 4,4 21,1

DE, MJ/kg (pigs) 17,66 10,57 4,8 23,9

NEL, Mcal/kg 1,84 1,72 0,70 -

ME, MJ/kg (ruminants) 13,2 11,2 4,8 20,6

TDN, % 88,0 75,0 32,0 137,6

Crude protein, % 63,0 20,0 19,3 10,5

Bypass protein, % of CP 60 25 25 36,19

Bypass protein, % 37,8 5,0 4,8 3,8

Arginine, % 2,00 0,9 0,88 0,73

Lysine, % 1,05 0,6 0,64 0,51

Methionine, % 1,75 0,36 0,40 0,34

TSAA Methionine and Cystine, % 2,70 0,85 1,04 0,57

Tryptophan, % 0,31 0,12 0,04 0,11

Isoleucine, % 2,68 0,55 0,56 0,39

Threonine, % 2,2 0,75 0,72 0,62

Crude fat, % 2,0 2,0 0,0 49,8

Neutral Detergent Fibre [NDF], % 12,7 40,8 0,0 9,7

Acid Detergent Fibre [ADF], % 4,6 9,7 0,0 2

Crude fibre, % 2,6 9,4 0,0 6

Non-structural carbohydrate, % 9,7 23,0 15,3 24,2

Calcium, % 0,07 0,16 0,11 0,02

Available Phosphorus, % 0,15 0,22 0,44 0,09

Total Phosphorus, % 0,50 0,77 1,44 0,28

Sodium [Na], % 0,05 0,05 0,09 0,04

Chloride [Cl], % 0,08 0,2 0,34 0,1

Magnesium [Mg], % 0,10 0,37 0,57 0,08

Sulphur [S], % 0,72 0,19 0,47 -

Potassium [K], % 0,10 1,20 1,92 0,16

Iron [Fe], mg/kg 280 402 88 179

Copper [Cu], mg/kg 25 38,4 12,5 2,42

Manganese [Mn], mg/kg 4 23,7 23,2 1,99

Zinc [Zn], mg/kg 40 57,4 52,8 55

Selenium [Se], mg/kg 0,83 0,24 0,28 0,18

Total ash % 1.8 7.8 7.8 6,1

Linoleic acid 1.32 - - -

Density, kg/m3 600 520 1250 410

TYPICAL ANALYSES OF AGRI-PRODUCTS(AS FED BASIS)


Minerale

Al die agriprodukte bevat baie fosfor, kalium en magnesium. Daar is egter min kalsium

en natrium, en dus moet dié twee elemente uit ander bronne aangevul word. Al die

agriprodukte bevat betreklik baie yster en sink. Dié spoorelemente kom gekonsentreerd

voorin die MWW, en dus word die spoormineraalinhoud van Gluten-20 in

verhouding tot die hoeveelheid MWW wat by dié neweproduk gevoeg word,

verryk. In die algemeen maak agri-produkte uit die natmaalproses ten opsigte van

noodsaaklike minerale en spoorelemente 'n beduidende bydrae tot voerformulering.

Energie

Die energiewaardes van die agri-produkte wissel ten opsigte van verskillende

dierespesies. Beeste verkry bykans soveel energie uit die hoëvesel-, laeproteïen

Gluten-20 as wat hulle van Gluten-60 verkry. Pluimvee en varke kan meer van Gluten-60

se energie-inhoud metaboliseer as dié van Gluten-20.

Huidige navorsing dui egter daarop dat bepaalde klasse pluimvee en varke Gluten-20

in bepaalde omstandighede veel doeltreffender benut as wat voorheen vermoed is.

Minerals

All of the feedstuffs are high in phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. However,

they are low in calcium and sodium, which means that these two elements should

be provided through other sources.

All the agri-products are relatively rich in iron and zinc. The trace minerals

tend to concentrate in the CSL, and so the trace-mineral content of Gluten-20

is enriched in proportion to the amount of CSL added to this agri-product.

In general, feedstuffs from maize wet-milling make significant contributions of

essential minerals and trace elements to the feed formulations in which they are used.

Energy

The energy values of the feedstuffs vary for different animal species. Cattle derive

almost as much energy from the higher-fibre, lower-protein Gluten-20 as they do from

Gluten-60. Poultry and pigs can metabolise more of the energy content of Gluten-60

than that of Gluten-20.

However, current research findings indicate that under suitable conditions, certain

classes of poultry and pigs utilise Gluten-20 much more efficiently than was

previously believed.


APPLICATIONS OF TONGAAT HULETT STARCH’SAGRI-PRODUCTS

MONOGASTRICS

Poultry

The use of maize wet-milling agri-products in poultry feeds depends almost entirely on

the nutritive requirements of the class of bird being fed.

In poultry feeds, Gluten-60 is the agri-product mostly used. It has a high nutrient

density and concentrated energy value as well as high levels of methionine

(biologically available even to young chicks). It also includes xanthophyll, which is the

yellow pigment that makes it desirable in diets for broilers and layers. Research

shows that broilers and layers do not discriminate between feeds containing up to

14 percent Gluten-60. Neither is performance reduced at those high levels,

provided that diets are balanced for the essential amino acids

The relations between Gluten-60 and both yolk colour and skin colour are as follows.

Note that for skin colour, 0 is light and 10 is dark.

Skin colour = 2,9 + (0,43 x Gluten-60 inclusion %)

Yolk colour = 6,5 + (0,27 x Gluten-60 inclusion %)

For both skin colour and yolk colour, evaluations were based on the DSM colour fan.

The relatively high levels of linoleic acid (1.32%) in Gluten-60 makes it useful for young

chicks, because they have a high requirement for essential fatty acids.

For Monogastrics, Gluten-20 has relatively high fibre levels and is therefore restricted

to formulations for laying hens, pullet rearing, and broiler breeders. Levels of between

10 and 15 percent may be used in balanced diets without affecting feed efficiency

or egg production.

Pigs

Gluten-60 is very suitable as an ingredient of pig feed and may be included at levels of

up to 8 percent in grower rations.

Gluten-20 can be used at levels of up to 15 percent in pig feeds without suppressing the

conversion ratio or performance of the feed. The availability or quantity of tryptophan

may limit its application, however. When the amino acid of the diet is balanced,

growing and finishing swine can utilize up to 30 percent in their diets.

AANWENDING VAN TONGAAT HULETT STARCHSE AGRI-PRODUKTE

ENKELMAAGDIERE

Pluimvee

Die hoeveelheid agri-produkte wat in pluimveevoer gebruik word, hang geheel en al af

van die voedingsbehoeftes van die tipe pluimvee wat gevoer word. Gluten-60 word

meestal in pluimveevoer asook hondekos en katkos aangewend. Dit het 'n hoë

voedingsdigtheid en gekonsentreerde energiewaarde asook hoë metionienvlakke

(wat selfs vir jong kuikens biologies beskikbaar is). Dit sluit ook xantofil in – 'n geel

pigment wat in die dieet van braaikuikens sowel as lêhenne voorkom. Navorsing

toon dat braaikuikens en lêhenne geen onderskeid tref tussen voere wat tot 14 persent

Gluten-60 bevat nie. Prestasie word ook nie teen dié hoë vlakke ingeboet nie, mits

diëte vir die noodsaaklike aminosure gebalanseer word. Die verband tussen Gluten-60

en beide eiergeelkleur en velkleur is as volg. Let Wel, in die geval van velkleur,

is 0 lig en 10 donker.

Velkleur = 2,9 + (0,43 x Gluten-60 insluiting %)

Eiergeelkleur = 6,5 + (0,27 x Gluten-60 insluiting %)

Wat beide vel- en eiergeelkleur betref, is die beoordelings op die DSM-kleurwaaier

gegrond.

Die betreklik hoë linoleïnesuurvlakke (1,32 %) in Gluten-60 maak dit nuttig vir jong

kuikens, vanweë hul hoë behoefte aan noodsaaklike vetsure.

Wat enkelmaagdiere betref, bevat Gluten-20 betreklik hoë veselvlakke, en dus word dit

beperk tot formules vir lêhenne, die grootmaak van hennetjies en braaikuiken-teelouers.

Vlakke van tussen 10 en 15 persent kan in gebalanseerde diëte gebruik word sonder om

voerdoeltreffendheid of eierproduksie in te boet.

Varke

Gluten-60 is uiters geskik as 'n bestanddeel in varkvoer en kan tot vlakke van 8 persent

in groeirantsoene ingesluit word.

Gluten-20 kan tot vlakke van 15 persent in varkvoer gebruik word sonder om die

doeltreffendheidsverhouding of voerprestasie nadelig te beïnvloed. Die beskikbaarheid

of hoeveelheid triptofaan kan die aanwending egter beperk. Wanneer die aminosure

in die dieet gebalanseer is, kan groei- en afrondingsvarke tot 30 persent Gluten-20

in hul dieet doeltreffend benut.


COMPOSITION, NUTRITIVE VALUES,AND FORMULATION

Protein and amino acidsAll of the products described in this brochure are protein supplements under the

NRC classification.

In the ruminant, amino acids reaching the abomasum and small intestine are provided

by two radically different sources. The first source of amino acids is known as microbial

protein. This microbial protein (which has a constant amino acid composition) is

derived from the nitrogenous feed material which is fermented in the rumen

[RDP = Rumen Degradable Protein]. The second source is that protein in the

feed that bypasses the rumen (commonly referred to as “bypass protein”). The

amino acid composition of this bypass protein can have a measurable influence

on the performance of the animal.

For monogastrics (poultry and pigs), protein quality is a more complex consideration

in that amino acids must be present and biologically available in sufficient quantities and

in correct proportions to meet the animal’s requirements.

Gluten-60 is particularly valued for its high methionine content, which is an essential

amino acid that many feed ingredients lack in useful concentrations.

Fats and fibreThe fat content of Tongaat Hulett Starch’s agri-products (except CSL) contributes to their

energy value as feedstuffs. Moreover, the high degree of unsaturation of the fats should

enhance the utilization of saturated fats in other components of a feed.

The high proportion of linoleic acid (an essential fatty acid) that is a characteristic of

maize fat is of special importance in poultry feeds and pet food.

Fibre values affect the use of the feedstuff. Gluten-20 tends to be more useful for beef

and dairy cattle, pigs, and poultry layers, while the lower-fibre Gluten-60 is desirable for

high nutrient-density feeds for broilers and aqua-culture.

VitaminsGluten-60 is a good source of carotenoids, which have vitamin A activity. In addition, all

the agri-products described in this brochure can make important contributions of choline

and B-vitamins in all monogastric formulations.

SAMESTELLING, VOEDINGSWAARDESEN FORMULERING

Proteïene en aminosureAl die produkte wat in dié brosjure beskryf word, is proteïen-aanvullings volgens die

NRC-klassifisering. In herkouers kom die aminosure wat die melkpens en dunderm

bereik, van twee geheel en al verskillende bronne. Die eerste bron van aminosure

staan as mikrobiese-proteïen bekend. Dié mikrobiese-proteïen (met 'n konstante

amino-suursamestelling) is afkomstig vanaf stikstofryke voermateriaal wat in die

grootpens fermenteer (RDP= Rumen Degradeerbare Proteien). Die tweede bron

is die proteïen in die voer wat verby die grootpens vloei, nl "verbyvloeiproteïen".

Die aminosuur-samestelling van dié verbyvloeiproteïen kan 'n groot invloed op die

dier se prestasie hê. Wat enkelmaagdiere (pluimvee en varke) betref, is proteïenge-

halte 'n ingewikkelderoorweging omdat die aminosure teenwoordig moet wees, en in

voldoende hoeveelhede asook in die korrekte verhoudings biologies beskikbaar moet

wees om aan die diere se behoeftes te voldoen.

Gluten-60 is veral van hoë waarde weens ‘n hoë metionien-inhoud – in wese 'n aminosuur

wat in talle voerbestanddele nie in bruikbare hoeveelhede aangetref word nie.

Vette en veselDie vetinhoud van Tongaat Hulett Starch se agri-produkte (behalwe MWW) dra by tot hul

energiewaarde as voedingstowwe. Boonop behoort die hoë vlakke van onversadigde

vette die benutting van versadigde vette in ander komponente van die voer te verhoog.

Die hoë proporsie linoleïnesuur ('n essensiële vetsuur) in mielievet, is veral in

pluimveevoer en troeteldierkos van besondere belang.

Veselwaardes het 'n invloed op die benutting van die voedingstowwe. Gluten-20 is

gewoonlik nuttiger vir vleis- en melkbeeste, varke en lêhenne, terwyl Gluten-60, met

minder vesel, wenslik is vir braaikuiken-en visvoere met ‘n hoë voedingsdigtheid.

VitamieneGluten-60 is 'n goeie bron van karotenoïede met 'n vitamien A-aktiwiteit. Boonop kan

al die neweprodukte wat in dié brosjure beskryf word, belangrike hoeveelhede cholien

en B-vitamiene tot alle enkelmaag-formulering bydra.



RUMINANTS

Dairy cattle

All Tongaat Hulett Starch’s agri-products are well suited to use in dairy feeds.

Gluten-60 is a protein source that readily bypasses the digestive process in the rumen and

is thus available for digestion in the small intestine. Gluten-60 has high levels of methionine,

which is usually limited in diets of high-producing dairy cows, and so complement lysine-rich

feed sources (fish meal, soya beans, and proteins of animal origin).

Gluten-20 is rich in neutral detergent fibre (NDF), has a medium energy level, and is

relatively low in starch (23 percent). It therefore plays an invaluable role in high-energy

rations with high starch levels by reducing starch levels in these rations and thereby

limiting acidosis. The high fibre content in Gluten-20 helps enhance butterfat levels.

Gluten-20 with 20 percent crude protein partially replaces some of the more costly

protein sources. It can be used at levels of 15 to 20 percent (on a DM basis) in

formulations for dairy cattle.

HERKOUERS

Melkbeeste

Al Tongaat Hulett Starch se agri-produkte is uiters geskik vir gebruik in die voeding

van melkbeeste. Gluten-60 is 'n uitstekende bron van verbyvloei proteïen wat na

die laer spysverteringskanaal vloei en dus vir vertering in die dunderm beskikbaar

is. Gluten-60 bevat ook hoë vlakke van metionien, wat in hoog produserende

melkkoeie beperkend is, en vul dus lisienryke voedingsbronne (vismeel, sojabone

en dierlike proteïene) suksesvol aan.

Gluten-20 bevat baie neutraal bestande vesel (NDF), met 'n medium energievlak, en

betreklik min stysel (23 persent). Dit speel dus 'n baie belangrike rol in hoë-energie-

rantsoene met 'n hoë styselvlak deur die styselvlak in dié rantsoene te verminder en dus

asidose te beperk. Die hoë veselvlak van Gluten-20 help om bottervet vlakke te verhoog.

Gluten-20 met 20 persent ru-proteïen kan sommige van die duurder proteïenbronne

gedeeltelik vervang. In formules vir melkbeeste kan dit op vlakke van 15 tot 20 persent

(op 'n DM-basis) ingesluit word.


Beef cattle

Gluten-60 is limited in its application for beef rations because the quality of protein

generally required is less important for beef cattle than for dairy cows. On the other

hand, young stud bulls of less than 250 kg need good quality protein, and Gluten-60

may therefore be useful in their rations.

Gluten-20 may be used at relatively high levels (20 to 30 percent) in Beef feedlot

rations; it helps limit starch levels in the feed and thus minimizes the possibility of

acidosis and liver abscesses.

Gluten-20 is particularly effective in protein and energy supplements such as

production licks and lick blocks. In lick blocks, Gluten-20 helps bind the raw

materials to give acceptable hardness

Sheep

Gluten-60 has special significance in sheep feedlot rations and supplementary diets.

The high level of bypass protein in Gluten-60 enhances growth rates in the feedlot. Also,

its methionine content contributes to good wool growth and crimping.

Gluten-20 may be included at levels of 12 to 15 percent in sheep feedlot diets; it reduces

starch levels in the diet, thus minimising the possibility of Acidosis.

OTHERPets

Gluten-60, with its high protein and methionine levels, is an ideal alternative source

of vegetable protein in pet foods. The use of Gluten-60 does not cause the flatulence

commonly associated with materials produced from soya beans. It is a valuable

ingredient in pet foods because of its high digestibility, low residue production and

high linoleic acid content.

Gluten-20 is an ideal filler and an alternative to other fibre sources. It has the added

advantage of reducing total fibre levels and in doing so increasing the overall digestibility

of pet foods. With a protein level of 20 percent, it helps meet the high protein

requirement of pets.

Both Gluten-60 and Gluten-20 are acidic and therefore help reduce the incidence

of feline urolithiasis syndrome (FUS) in cats.

Vleisbeeste

Gluten-60 het 'n beperkte gebruik in vleisbeesrantsoene aangesien die proteïen

behoefte van vleisbeeste gewoonlik laer is as dié van melkbeeste. Daarenteen het

jong stoetbulle van minder as 250 kg proteïen van 'n goeie gehalte nodig, en dus

kan Gluten-60 in laasgenoemde rantsoene aangewend word. Gluten-20 kan in

voerkraalrantsoene teen betreklik hoë vlakke (20 tot 30 persent) ingesluit word.

Dit help om die styselvlakke in die voer te beperk en dus die moontlikheid van

asidose en lewerabsesse tot 'n minimum te beperk. Gluten-20 is veral doeltreffend in

proteïen- en energie-aanvullings soos produksielekke asook lekblokke. In lekblokke

help Gluten-20 om die bestanddele saam te bind en dit hard genoeg te maak.

Skape

Gluten-60 is veral in voerkraalrantsoene en aanvullende diëte vir skape van belang. Die

hoë vlak van die verbyvloeiproteïen in Gluten-60 sorg vir 'n vinniger groeitempo in 'n

voerkraal. Die metionieninhoud dra ook by tot goeie wolgroei en karteling.

Gluten-20 kan teen vlakke van 12 tot 15 persent in skaap rantsoene ingesluit word; dit

help om stysel vlakke in die voer te verlaag, om sodoende die voorkoms van Asidose

tot ‘n minimum te beperk.

Troeteldiere

Danksy die hoë proteïen- en metionienvlakke is Gluten-60 'n ideale bron van

plantaardige proteïen in troeteldierkos. Die gebruik van Gluten-60 veroorsaak nie die

winderigheid wat gewoonlik met sojaboonmateriaal gepaard gaan nie. Danksy goeie

verteerbaarheid, lae residuvlakke en 'n hoë linoleïnesuur-inhoud is dit 'n waardevolle

bestanddeel in troeteldierkos.

Gluten-20 is 'n ideale vuller en 'n alternatief vir ander veselbronne. Daar is die

bykomende voordeel dat totale veselvlakke daal en die algehele verteerbaarheid van

troeteldierkos dus verhoog. Met 'n proteïenvlak van 20 persent help dit om aan

troeteldiere se hoë proteïenvereistes te voldoen. Beide Gluten-60 en Gluten-20 is

suuragtig en help dus om die voorkoms van urolitiasesindroom (FUS) in katte te

verminder.


TTOONNGGAAAATT HHUULLEETTTT SSTTAARRCCHH

Vaal Gold Gluten-60

(Class: Maize gluten meal)

(Klas: Mieliegluten)

Reg No. V5140

COMPOSITION / SAMESTELLING

g/kg

Protein (min.) 610.0 Proteïen (min.)

Fat (min.) 10.0 Vet (min.)

Fibre (max.) 50.0 Vesel (maks.)

Moisture (max.) 100.0 Vog (maks.)

MASS 50 kg MASSA

FFEEEEDDIINNGG RREECCOOMMMMEENNDDAATTIIOONNSS // VVOOEERRIINNSSTTRRUUKKSSIIEESS

Feed as recommended by an animal nutritionist

Voer soos aanbeveel deur 'n veevoedingskundige


Vaal Gold Gluten-20

(Class: Maize gluten feed)

(Klas: Mielieglutenvoer)

Reg No. V5309


g/kg




MASS 50 kg MASSA




2 Dick Kemp Street, Meadowdale, Germiston, 1401 South Africa. Private Bag 2019, Isando, 1600, SA.Tel: (2711) 458-5000. Fax: (2711) 458-5071. Website: www.tongaathulettstarch.co.za

ISO 9001:2000REGISTERED COMPANY


Vaal Gold Gluten-60

(Class: Maize gluten meal)

(Klas: Mieliegluten)

Reg No. V5140


g/kg


Fat (min.) 10.0 Vet (min.)



MASS 50 kg MASSA





Vaal Gold Gluten-20

(Class: Maize gluten feed)

(Klas: Mielieglutenvoer)

Reg No. V5309


g/kg




MASS 50 kg MASSA




2 Dick Kemp Street, Meadowdale, Germiston, 1401 South Africa. Private Bag 2019, Isando, 1600, SA.Tel: (2711) 458-5000. Fax: (2711) 458-5071. Website: www.tongaathulettstarch.co.za

ISO 9002:2000REGISTERED COMPANY


Documents

IN ANIMAL FEEDSTUFF FORMULATIONS MAIZE AGRI · PDF filemielie agri-produkte in die formulering van dierevoere maize agri-products in animal feedstuff formulations ths coproduct repro