Impulse-Radio Waveforms for MM- Wave Satellite ...disi.unitn.it/~sacchi/Presentation_EUCAP2016_Sacchi.pdf · Q/V band satellite link (DVB-S2 standard transmission); In the meanwhile

M.DeSanc*s,C.Sacchi,et.al. Impulse-RadioWaveformsforMM-WaveSatelliteCommunica*ons…

Impulse-RadioWaveformsforMM-WaveSatelliteCommunica9ons:Poten9alBenefitsandOpenIssues

MauroDeSanc*s(*),ClaudioSacchi(o),Ernes*naCianca(*),TommasoRossi(*)

(*)UniversityofRome“TorVergata”,Dept.ofElectronicEngineering,Rome(Italy)

(o)UniversityofTrento,Dept.ofInforma@onEngineering

andComputerScience(DISI),Trento(Italy)

10thEuropeanConferenceonAntennasandPropaga@on(EUCAP’16),Davos(CH)10-15April

2016


Outline

  Introduc@on;

MmWavesatellitecommunica@ons:opportuni@esandchallenges;

  IRwaveformsformmWaveSatcoms;

 Performanceanalysis; Conclusionandfuturework.

2


Introduc*on

MmWave:thenewbroadbandfron9er  Sinceearly2000,EHFspectrumpor*onsbeyondKa-bandhavebeenconceivedforsatellitecommunica*ons(DAVID,WAVEexperiments1999-2004)[Cianca11];

  Finally,inJuly2013,the“AldoParaboni”payloadhasbeenlaunchedbyESAinordertocarryonthefirstexperimentoveraQ/Vbandsatellitelink(DVB-S2standardtransmission);

Inthemeanwhile,terrestrialcommunica*onshaveconsideredtheuseofmmWave(81GHzfrequency)forwirelessLOSbackhaulofmobilecells(explicitlyforecastedinLTE),withsomerelatedcommercialproducts[Ceragon];

  RecentworkshavesuccessfullytestedtheuseofE-band(71-76GHz,81-86GHz)alsoforNLOScellularcommunica*onsintheframeworkoffuture5Gstandards[Rappaport13].

3


Introduc*on

 EHFfrequencyalloca9onforsatellitecommunica9ons

4

Uplink Downlink Q/V-band 42.5-43.5 GHz

47.2-50.2 GHz 50.4-51.4 GHz

37.5-42.5 GHz

W-band 81-86 GHz 71-76 GHz

No*cetheoverlapofW-bandfrequencyalloca*onwithterrestrialE-bandslots!Satellitedownlinkwillhavetoco-existwithterrestrialE-banduplinkandterrestrialE-banddownlinkandbackhaulwithsatelliteuplink.Cogni*veandopportunis*ccoexistencestrategieswillbewelcome,inthefuture!


MmWavesatellitecommunica*ons:opportuni*esandchallenges

 Opportuni9esEnormousbandwidthavailability,ascomparedwithexis*ngbands(KuandKabands);

Reducedinterferencelevel(EHFarenotlargelyused);

 Thankstoveryshortwavelength,antennaswithhighgainandreducedsizecanbeused;

 TheEHFbeamisverynarrow:high-capacitymul*-beamsatellitesystemswithaggressivefrequencyreuseareenabled(terabitsatellites[Gay09]).

5



 Challenges:atmosphericpropaga9onimpairments(1) Es*mated(CDF)atmosphericagenua*onindB(rain,cloudagenua*on,oxygenabsorp*on,scin*lla*ons)[Cianca11]:

6



  Challenges:atmosphericpropaga9onimpairments(2)  Radiometrices*ma*onoftheatmosphericagenua*onin“clear-sky”condi*ons,obtainedformALPHASATin-orbitdata[Rossi16]:

7



 Challenges:de-poin9nglosses Veryaccurateantennapoin*ngisrequiredinEHFsatellitetransmission:veryliglede-poin*ngmaydrama*callyimpactonlinkperformance[Cianca11]:

8

Lpe ≈12

θ ⋅D ⋅ fc65c

⎛

⎝⎜⎞

⎠⎟

2

(dB)

Poin9ngerrorloss(dB)–Distheantennadiameter(inmeters)andthetathepoin*ngmisalignment(indegrees)



 Challenges:nonidealbehaviorofRFhardware EHFisa“dirtyRF”environment,becauseRFhardwareisveryfarfromideal(andlinear)behaviors:

994GHzKlystronamplifier(CPI–CAN):Pin-Pout/gaincharacteris@c(OBO=5dB)

Phasenoise:one-sidedPSDofoscillatorsusedinDVB-S2applica@ons


  SummaryofrequirementsofmmWavesatcoms  Linkbudgetisseverelyconstrainedbylong-rangepathloss,depoin*nglosses,atmosphericagenua*ons,rainfadingandscin*lla*ons(interrestrialcommunica*onsmul*pathfadingisdominant);

  Forthisreason,amplifiersshouldbeoperatedatthemaximumefficiency,veryclosetosatura*on(powerback-offsarenotwelcome;inshort-rangeterrestrialcommunica*onstheycanbetolerated);

Transmissionshouldberobustagainstnonlineardistor*onandphasenoiseratherthanspectrally-efficient(spectralefficiencyincrowdedterrestrialspectrumisamust);

Simple,robustandcost-effec*vereceiverarchitectureswithreduced*me-frequencysynchroniza*onissuesaregenerallypreferredinorbit;

Thewaveformshouldbedesignedtooccupylargespectrumpor*onswithoutprohibi*vehardwarecomplexityand/orsamplingrate. 10


IMPULSERADIO(IR)WAVEFORMSMAYREPRESENT

EFFECTIVESOLUTIONS!


IRwaveformsformmWavesatcoms  IRforsatcoms:Time-HoppingImpulse-Radio(TH-IR)

  ItisprobablythecheapestandeasiestIRsolu*onforbroadbandcommunica*ons;  Itisbasedonthepulse-posi*onmodula*on(PPM),usingGaussianmonocyclepulses:

11

s t( ) = Αd j/ Ns⎡⎣ ⎤⎦

k

j=−∞

+∞

∑ p t − jΤ f − cjk( )Tc −δ j/ Ns⎡⎣ ⎤⎦

k( )( )k=1

K

∑

Αd j/ Ns⎡⎣ ⎤⎦

kBinarysymbolofk-thuser

( )2

222

tAtp t e σ

σ−

= pulsewaveform

fT Framedura*on(aframeisdividedintoNTHslotsofdura*onTceach)( )k

jc Time-Hoppingpseudo-randomsequenceoftheuserk

( )kδ Time-shipintroducedbythePPM


IRwaveformsformmWavesatcoms

  IRforsatcoms:DirectSequence-UWB(DS-UWB) DS-UWBisbasedonDirect-SequenceSpreadSpectrumtransmissionprinciple;  Itissecureandrobustagainstjammingandmul*pathfading.

12

s t( ) = cl

kd jk p t − lTc − jTs( )

l=0

Ns−1

∑j=−∞

+∞

∑k=1

K

∑

( )2

222

tAtp t e σ

σ−

= pulsewaveform d j

kBinarysymbolofuserk

clk l-thchipofpseudo-noise

binarysequenceofuserk


IRwaveformsformmWavesatcoms  IRforsatcoms:Pulse-ShapedModula9on(PSM)withPSWF

ProlateSpheroidalWaveFunc*ons(PSWF)[Slepian61]arecharacterizedbytheop*malenergyconcentra*oninthe*meandfrequencydomain;  Theycanexploitpulse-shapedmodula*on(PSM)[Usuda04];  2-leveland4-levelPSMuseorder1andorder2PSWFcharacterizedbyverylowPAPR(1dB).4-levelPSMwithPSWFshasbeenconsideredforW-bandsatcoms[Sacchi11]:

13

s t( ) = A ajnψ n t − jTs( )

n=1

N

∑j=−∞

+∞

∑

Α signalamplitude

ψ n t( ) order-nPSWF(n=1,2,3,…)

a jn ∈ −1,1{ } PSMcoefficient

(readthepaperforsomenotesaboutPSWFgenera*on)


IRwaveformsformmWavesatcoms

 TransmiOerandreceiverschemes

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TH-IR DS-UWB

8-levelPSM(PSWF)


Performanceanalysis  Simula9onparametersandsetup

  Simula*onsinMATLABandSIMULINKenvironmenthavebeenperformedinordertoevaluatetheperformanceofdifferentIRtechniqueinmul*-gigabitQ-band(40GHz)andW-band(83GHz)satellitetransmission;

 Assessedwaveforms:TH-IR(Gaussianmonocyclepulse),DS-UWB(Gaussianmonocyclepulse)and2-levelPSMwith1st-orderPSWF;

  Spectralefficiency1b/s/Hz(forall),occupiedbandwidth:5GHz(withoutchanneliza*on);

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Parameter Q band W band Carrier frequency 40 GHz 83 GHz

Spectral Efficiency 1 bit/s/Hz 1 bit/s/Hz HPA OBO 5 dB 5 dB

Phase Noise PSD (1 MHz) -140 dBc/Hz -100 dBc/Hz Phase Noise PSD (10 MHz) -160 dBc/Hz -120 dBc/Hz


Performanceanalysis

 Linkperformance(Bit-Error-Rate) Simula*onresultsintermsofBERareshownbelow:

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Performanceanalysis  Discussionofresultsandprac9calconsidera9ons

2-levelPSMwithPSWFsofferthebestperformanceasexpected:itsverylowPAPRallowstoeffec*velyfacenonlineardistor*on.Aslightperformancedegrada*onisinvolvedbyphase-noise(in4-levelPSMisnotsoslight[Sacchi11];

TH-IRsa*sfactorilyperformsinthepresenceofnonlinearamplifica*onandisfairlydegradedbyphase-noise;

DS-UWBisstronglydegradedbynonlineardistor*on(thedetectorismatchedtothepseudo-noisewaveformthatisalteredbynonlinearamplifica*on)andbyphase-noise;

  Thegenera*onofPSWFatveryhighdataratesrequiresveryhighsamplingrates,notaffordedbycurrentstate-of-the-artsignalprocessingdevices;

TH-IRisagood“subop*mal”solu*on,characterizedbythebesttradeoffbetweenefficientgenera*onofveryshortpulsesandrobustnessagainstmmWavesatellitelinkimpairments.

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ConclusionandfutureworkImpulseradiotechniques(usedinterrestrialUWB)representgoodandviablesolu*onsforrobusttransmissioninmmWavesatellitecommunica*ons;

  Thereachedspectralefficiencyislow,butIRwaveformscaneasilyoccupylargespectrumpor*onswithcontrolledpowerspectrumlevel;

ProlateSpheroidalWaveFunc*ons(PSWFs)withPSMmodula*onseemstoperformbegerthanotherIRwaveforms,buttheirgenera*oniss*llbeyondthecapabili*esofstate-of-the-artdevices;

TH-IRisanefficientsolu*oncharacterizedbyaffordablecomplexityandeasywaveformgenera*on;

  FutureworkmayberelatedtothedirectmmWavewaveformgenera*onbymeansofband-passfilteringofextremely“short”pulses(psec.dura*on);

  Thisarrangementwouldallowtoavoidtheeffectsofphasenoise,injectedbyhighfrequencyoscillatorsandmixers.Somepreliminaryworksarealreadyavailableintheliterature(e.g.[Kraemer07]and[Nakasa08]). 18


Acknowledgments

THANKYOUVERYMUCHFORYOURATTENTION!!

 Forfurtherinforma*on,pleasecontactus:[mauro.de.sanc*s,ernes*na.cianca,

tommaso.rossi]@uniroma2.it

[email protected]

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References[Cianca11]E.Cianca,T.Rossi,A.Yahalom,Y.Pinhasi,J.Farserotu,C.Sacchi,“EHFforsatellitecommunica*ons:thenewbroadbandfron*er”ProceedingsIEEE,vol.99,p.1858-1881,Nov.2011.[Ceragon]CeragonCorp.,“Wirelessbackhaulsolu@onsforsmallcells,”applica*onnote,hgpavailableat:hgp://www.ceragon.com/files/Ceragon.[Rappaport13]T.S.Rappaport,S.Sun,R.Mayzus,H.Zhao,Y.Azar,K.Wang,G.N.Wong,J.K.Schulz,M.Samimi,F.Gu*errez,“MillimeterWaveMobileCommunica*onsfor5GCellular:ItWillWork!”,IEEEAccess,vol.1,2013,pp.335–349.[Gay09]JGayrard,“TerabitSatellites:MythorReality?”inProc.of2009IEEESPACOMMConf.,Colmar(France),20-25July2009,pp.1-6.[Rossi16]T.Rossi,M.DeSanc*s,F.Maggio,G.Codispo*,G.Parca,“Q/V-bandSatelliteCommunica*onExperimentsonChannelEs*ma*onwithAlphasatAldoParaboniP/L,”Proc.of2016IEEEAerospaceConf.,BigSky(MT),March2016.[Slepian61]D.Slepian,andH.O.Pollak“ProlateSpheroidalWaveFunc*ons,FourierAnalysisandUncertainty”,I.BellSystemTech.J.,vol.40,1961,pp.43-64.[Usuda04]K.Usuda,H.Zhang,andM.Nakagawa,“M-arypulseshapemodula*onforPSWF-basedUWBsystemsinmul*pathfadingenvironment”,inProc.IEEEGlobecom2004Conf.,Dallas(TX),Nov.29-Dec.42004,pp.3498-3504.[Sacchi11]C.Sacchi,T.Rossi,M.RuggieriandF.Granelli,“EfficientWaveformDesignforHigh-Bit-RateW-bandSatelliteTransmissions”,IEEETrans.onAES,vol.47,no.2,pp.974-995,Apr.2011.[Kraemer07]M.Kraemer,A.Lecointre,D.Dragomirescu,R.Plana,“ArchitectureConsidera*onsfor60GHzPulseTransceiverFrontEnds”,inInterna@onalSemiconducteurConference,CAS2007,Sinaia,Romania.[Nakasha08]Y.Nakasha,Y.Kawano,T.Suzuki,T.Ohki,T.Takahashi,K.Makiyama,T.Hirose,andN.Hara“AW-bandWaveletGeneratorUsinga0.13-μmInPHEMTsforMul*gigabitCommunica*onsBasedonUltra-WidebandImpulseRadio,”in:Microw.SymposiumDigest,2008IEEEMTT-SInterna@onal,June2008pp.109-112.

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Impulse-Radio Waveforms for MM- Wave Satellite ...disi.unitn.it/~sacchi/Presentation_EUCAP2016_Sacchi.pdf · Q/V band satellite link (DVB-S2 standard transmission); In the meanwhile