Importance of trace minerals for nutrient stability in feed and optimized trace element supply of animals

7/28/2019 Importance of trace minerals for nutrient stability in feed and optimized trace element supply of animals

1/9

Digital Re-print -March | April 2013

Importance of trace minerals fornutrient stability in feed and optimized trace

element supply of animals

www.gfmt.co.uk

Grain & Feed Milling Technology is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies,the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis ofinformation published.Copyright 2013 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any formor by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1466-3872
http://-/?-http://-/?-


2/9

225 Rock Industrial Park Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63044 U.S.A.

The color blue, when used in connection with elevator buckets, is a U.S. registered trademark owned by Tapco Inc. 2011 Tapco Inc. All rights reserved.

Tel.: +1 314 739 9191 Fax: +1 314 739 5880 Email: [email protected] www.tapcoinc.com

For over 35 years, and in more than50 countries, Tapco has been solving theproblem ofbent & tornsteel buckets.

STYLECC-HD (HEAVYDUTY)Polyethylene Elevator Bucket

Urethane Nylon

Tapco nonmetallic buckets have the ability to absorb impactin the elevator leg and give or yield to bypass an

obstruction. They then return to their original shape and keepon working for you.

Tapco buckets weigh less than their pressed steel counterparts,lack sharp edges and therefore are far safer and easier to handlewhen fitting an elevator.

With 900,000 buckets in 93 sizes stocked throughoutthe world, Tapco has what you want, when you need it!Tapco also maintains over 15 million elevator bolts

in imperial and metric threads in six styles. Tapco

fanged elevator bolts have been specificallydesigned to work with nonmetallic buckets.

Contact Tapco or visit www.tapcoinc.com today.

Replace your steel buckets with Tapco the bucketswith the memory.

FANGED HEADElevator Bolt

Have You ExperiencedThis In Your Elevator?

ELEVATOR BUCKETS - ELEVATOR BOLTS
http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/http://www.tapcoinc.com/


3/9

Trace element supplementation

to maintain optimal health and

performance in livestock is often

underestimated. This is partly due to the

fact that trace elements perform very

complex functions in the metabolism and

deficiencies can lead to general disorders in

animals and due to the important physiolog-

ical functions it is therefore

necessary to provide them to

the animal through the feed.

On the other hand, higher

allowances for example of

zinc and copper have also

specific effects on intestinal

health. To address the difficult

discussion about physiology,

intestinal health and finally

environmental pollution too,

the supply of trace elements

in the EU is regulated by law

(EU Regulation 1334/2003).

Several years ago, the

maximum concentrations

in the feed were significant-ly lowered again to reduce

the heavy metal output in

the environment (Table 1).

Impact onbioavailability

It is known that the bio-

availability of trace elements

is difficult to compare due to

the anatomy of the digestive

tract between the different

species. In addition, the trace

element uptake capacity of

the intestine decreases with

increasing age of the animals

in general. Furthermore, recent

studies show that the trace

element availability is dependent on health

and also on the presence of stress. The trace

element bioavailability, however, depends

further on a number of factors such as

performance stage, trace element status,

form of the chemical bonds, trace element

dosage and antagonists which inhibit absorp-

tion (Flachowsky 2000). The lowering of the

legal limits inevitably raises the question of

trace elements with high bioavailability, and

to understand even at lower concentrations

in the feed the supply to the animals and

also the possible additional effects at least

partially.

Important for absorption of, for example,

zinc, manganese and copper are the mutual

interactions as well as the die-

tary amounts of iron, calcium,

phosphorus, potassium and

sulphur and further antago-

nists. Unbalanced or high levels

of some of these elements

lead to shortages of the other

elements. For example, a zinc

surplus will cause copper trans-

port across the enterocytes

(intestinal epithelial cells) to be

blocked due to the formation

of intestinal metallothionein.

This is also recognised as a

secondary copper deficiency.

Other factors affecting the

availability of trace elementsare, for example, mycotoxins,

crude fibre, tannins and phytic

acid (Schenkel and Flachowsky

2002).

Characterisation anddifferentiation

The various feed additives

approved as trace element

sources can be distinguished

in terms of their availability for

the animal. The best-known

and largely used inorganic trace

mineral sources of sulphates

and oxides vary mainly due to

their solubility. The main task

of these trace mineral sources

is to dissolve in the aqueous

Table 1: Legal limits for trace elements in animal compound feed

Traceelement

Species

Max. content incompound feed(mg/kgcompound feed)

Copper

Piglets until 12 weeks of age 170

Bovine before the start of rumination 15

Other bovines 35

Ovines 15

Crustaceans 50

Other animals 25

Cobalt All species 2

Iodine

Equines 4

Dairy cows / Laying hens 5

Fish 20

Other animals 10

Iron

Piglets until 1 wee before weaning 250

Ovines 500

Pet 1250

Other animals 750

ManganeseFish 100

Other animals 150

Selenium All species 0,5

Zinc

Pet 250

Fish / Milk replacer 200

Other animals 150

Importance of trace minerals for

nutrient stability in feed and optimized

trace element supply of animals

by Dr Detlef Kampf, Orffa Additives, The Netherlands

Gn&feed mnG tenooGy40 | march - pril 2013

FEATURE


4/9
http://www.satake-group.com/


5/9

medium of the digestive tract and sulphates

are attributed to a higher value than oxides.

A product with very low solubility, for

example, copper oxide, therefore should

not be used (any longer) in feeding livestock.

The good solubility of sulphates, however,

provides us with the disadvantage that for

example dissociated copper ions are very

reactive (strong pro-oxidant that initiate and

speed up oxidation) and therefore promote

adverse reactions with feed components

(degradation and damage of sensitive ingre-

dients such as vitamins or fat as well as

forming harmful free radicals and peroxides

and reducing palatability of feed) (Miles et

al. 1998; Lu et al. 2010; Pang and Applegate

2006; Shurson et al. 2011).

In contrast to inorganic, organically bound

trace elements (trace element chelates) are

stable in the diet and absorption by the

animal is improved due to their chemical

structure. Their advantage is thus superior

in isolation from the solubility of inorganic

trace elements, but also in reducing the

absorption-inhibitory responses in the diges-

tive tract. These are mostly antagonistic

interactions with feed components that

compete for the same absorption capabili-

ties. The positive effects of organically bound

to inorganic trace elements were confirmed

in numerous scientific studies (Kincaid et al.

1997, Nockels et al. 1993, Wedekind et al.

1992). Nevertheless, an adequate assess-

Graph 1: Impact of various copper sources on the

concentration of vitamin E in feed (Lu et al. 2010)

Graph 2: Impact of increasing dosages of various copper

sources on the phytate phosphorus hydrolysis by phytase(Pang and Applegate 2006)

Gn&feed mnG tenooGy march - pril 2013 | 41

www.victam.com/?i=181

ACONFERENCEFORTH

ERICE,FLOUR,CEREAL

S&OILSEEDSSECTOR

S

@ GRAPAS & VICTAMASIABANGKOK, THAILAND

8-10APRIL,2014BangkokInternationalTrade&ExhibitionCentre(BITEC)

CONFERENCE

Conference patron:

Conference delegates should pre-register on the VICTAM or

GRAPAS websites (available from December 1, 2013 onwards)

1 + . 1 1 1 11:

Are you social?Keep up to date with us in-between issues by

following us on any of our social platforms

Take a look at our newly re-vamped Facebook page,

that now covers updates from GFMT as well as all of

the very best of The Global Millers news

http://www.facebook.com/GrainFeedMillingTechnology

See our previous editions online for free

ww.gfmt.co.uk/archive.ph

suscri tin magazine forthe globalflour&feed millingindustries- firstpublished in 1891

In thisissue:

NIRinpractice

Riceandcontract

terms

NewweighingsoftwareforUKco-operative

y-Jun 2012

LC-MS/MS:TheNewReference

Method forMycotoxinAnalysis

Fast, reliableand flexible:theworld of modern bulkweighing

Mould controlin grain and feed preservation

FT12.03.indd 1 22/06/2012 08:48

Asubscription magazine forthe globalflour&feed millingindustries - firstpublished in 1891

In thisissue:

Improvingsupply fromfarmto fork

VictamAsiaProductShowcase

Globalgrain &feedmarkets

M ar ch - Ap ri l 2 01 2

Assessingcereal qualityparameters

ControllingInsectswith heat

Grindingby aprovenconceptmakesyourchoicesimple

FT12.02.indd 1 17/04/2012 13:05


In thisissue:

Increasingstoragecapacity

Digitalmicrowave

moisturemeasurement

Global grain &feed markets

January-February 2012

Bulkstorage&handling

PreservativesPreservativesarea recurringtopic in public discussions

EfficiencyEnergy savingin flourmilling

FT12.01.indd 1 02/02/2012 10:12


In thisissue:

Mycotoxinsan overview

Databaseforanimal dietformulation

techniques:Aglancetolastdecade

Food safetyin thegrainmillingindustry

Recentadvancesin

rapid graintesting

November -December 2011

AfricanadvancesAnimalfeedmillingisoneof themostbuoyantactivitiesintheagrirelatedfield

Optical sorting Opticalsortinghascomeof

ageandshouldbeconsideredasaseriousoption forinclusioninanymodernwheatcleaningplant

Getin lineProcessanalysissolutionsopennewopportunitiesforimprovedprofitandquality

F T11.06.indd 1 30/11/2011 17:28

Asubscription magazine forthe globalflour&feed millingindustries- firstpublishe in

In thi

S a m lp re p r i nof fe n

f or a r a na l i

1 5- Y r C el e r i n :Fortifyin ithf o li c ci r n t2 2 ,0 i r th

defect nnully

G lo lMar :W he t u l y grow n r

ascorn crshrin

October 2011

ProducingFlakedreakfastCereals

DirectCold Plasma:Theinnovativeanswertoodourcontrolinthefood andfeedindustry

MillingTechnologyRedefined

F T11.05.indd 1 05/10/2011 09:49

FEATURE
http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/http://www.bastak.com.tr/


6/9

ment of the quality of organically bound

trace elements must be taken. It should be

noted at this point that the products on the

market significantly differ in quality that can

be checked by simple analytical methods

(Helle and Kampf 2008).

Traditionally, minerals have been cat-

egorised as either organic or inorganic. In

2012 a new category of trace minerals,

known as hydroxy trace minerals, obtained

EU approval as a feed additive for all

animal species. These new products (Dicopper chloride tri hydroxide Cu

2(OH)

3Cl

and Zinc chloride hydroxide monohy-

drate - Zn5Cl2(OH)

8(H

2O) brand name:

IntelliBond) belong in the group of inorganic

trace mineral sources, but have similar chem-

ically stable structures such as organically

bound trace elements. Covalent bonds and a

unique crystalline matrix structure provide a

reliable stability, which differentiates hydroxy

trace minerals from other organic or inor-

ganic minerals.

In addition, there are major advantages

from a nutritional point of view. In com-

parison to copper sulphate, these products

are virtually insoluble at neutral pH, which

provides increased trace mineral stability in

the intestine. Less reactive trace element

ions occur in the upper digestive tract, which

is associated with fewer interactions with

other feed components. There are already

numerous studies that demonstrate in com-

parison to sulphates the better protection

of feed components (Lu et al. 2010; Miles et

al. 1998; Pang and Applegate 2006). Due to

the crystalline structure the trace elements

are slowly released over the full length of

the small intestine resulting in more efficient

trace element absorption and a very good

effect on intestinal health. Trial results in all

animal species confirm the superior effectscompared to sulphate (Allee et al. 2011; Luo

et al. 2005; Miles et al. 1998; Spears et al.

2004, Shao et al. 2010).

Effects of various trace elementsources in feed

Improved stability of sensitive feed ingredi-

ents by using stable trace element sources e.g.

chelates or hydroxy trace minerals in compar-

ison to sulphates was already demonstrated in

many trials (Miles et al. 1998; Lu et al. 2010;

Luo et al. 2005; Banks et al. 2004; Liu et al.

2005; Pang and Applegate 2006; Shurson

et al. 2011; Kampf 2012). All these results

are based on the non-hygroscopic and non-

reactive (non-pro oxidative) characteristics of

these trace element sources. In one example

copper from copper sulphate at a high dosage

level showed a negative impact on vitamin E

stability in feed and in contrast, hydroxy cop-

per was not negatively affecting the stability of

vitamin E and showed comparable results as

by using lower levels of copper sulphate (Lu

et al. 2010; graph 1).

In another trial increasing dosage levels

of copper sulphate were tested in compari-

son to other trace mineral sources on the

phytate phosphorus hydrolysis by phytase In

vitro. In this study copper sulphate has shown

due to the high solubility and hence a highreactivity (formation of insoluble complexes

with phytate) a strong negative impact on

phytate phosphorus hydrolysis. In contrast,

as well as the copper lysine complex and

the hydroxy copper did not influence the

phosphorus hydrolysis (Pang and Applegate

2006; Graph 2).

A recent trial was conducted to test the

direct negative impact of copper from vari-

ous copper sources and different dosages on

the oxidative stability of soybean oil under

Rancimat test conditions. In this study a

strong negative effect of the copper dosage

was observed. Beside this copper sulphate

reduced the oxidative stability relatively by

9 and 46 percent, in contrast hydroxy cop-

per only by 5 and 36 percent respectively

(Kampf 2012; Graph 3).

Graph 4: Relative bioavailability of copper from hydroxycopper compared to copper sulphate in cattle (Spears

et al. 2004)

Graph 6: Solubility of zinc from hydroxy zinc and zincsulphate and impact on production of volatile fatty acids

in the rumen (Schaeffer 2006)

Graph 5: Relative bioavailability of zinc from hydroxyzinc compared or zinc sulphate in cattle (Schaeffer

2006)

Graph 3: Impact of increasing dosages of variouscopper sources on the oxidative stability of soybean

oil (Kampf 2012)

Gn&feed mnG tenooGy42 | march - pril 2013

FEATURE


7/9

Effects in animalsMuch trial work has been carried out in

monogastrics and in ruminants where stable

trace element sources for example chelates or

hydroxy trace minerals confirmed better effects

when compared to sulphates with regards to an

improved bioavailability, intestinal efficacy and gut

health (Allee et al. 2011; Kidd et al. 1996; Luo

et al. 2005; Miles et al. 1998; Nollet et al. 2008;

Spears et al. 2004; Wedekind et al. 1992). This

is based on the fact that stable trace element

sources are, in contrast to sulphates, insoluble

at neutral pH and will due to the covalent bond

structure only partially dissolve in the acidic

environment of the stomach. As a consequence

more intact molecules will be available and effec-

tive in the lower parts of the digestive tract, which

results also in improved gut health.

In one example in broilers a 13 to 16 per-

cent higher bioavailability (expressed as tendon

copper, 10 d deficient model, 0 - 6 ppm Cu)

of hydroxy copper was measured in contrast

to copper sulphate. In a second trial (same trial

conditions) a 25 percent higher bioavailabilityfor hydroxy copper and 35 percent for copper

chelate was measured (Klasing and Naziripour

2010). Other research groups figured out a

better relative biological value of organic zinc

chelate by 1.64 (measured as tibia zinc content)

compared with zinc sulphate as a reference zinc

source (1.00) in broiler (Staret al. 2012).

Not statistically proven but nevertheless

numerically higher broiler tibia zinc concentra-

tions especially in combination with a phytase

supplementation was examined by Schlegel et

al. (2010). In a recent meta-analysis the same

authors reported that broiler bone Zn respond-

ed slightly better (not at significant value) to

organic zinc than inorganic zinc with increasing

zinc levels (Schlegel et al. 2013). Noteworthy is

the fact that in all these experiments in advance

of the measurements no zinc deficiency situation

has been created, whereby the positive effect of

a more readily available source of zinc would

have manifested better.

In another example Allee et al. (2011)

showed that increasing dosage levels of

hydroxy copper from 15 to 200 ppm in

piglets resulted in significant linear increases

in average daily gain (ADG) and average

daily feed intake (ADFI) at 7, 21, and 42days on test. Feed conversion ratio (FCR)

was improved linearly by addition of hydroxy

copper over the 42-day trial. In this trial

the dose/response relationship of hydroxy

copper on daily gain and feed conversion in

piglets (0-42 days) resulted in a breakpoint

of the maximum copper effect already at

a dosage of 130-140 ppm (in comparison

maximum copper effect of copper sulphate

is at around 200-250 ppm) which indicates

that hydroxy copper has a higher intestinal

efficacy and is more valuable on gut health as

copper sulphate (Allee et al. 2011).

In ruminants the positive effects of organi-

cally bound to inorganic trace elements were

confirmed in numerous scientific studies and

the major advantage was a better bioavailabil-

ity compared to sulphates under the presence

of stress or antagonists (Kincaid et al.

1997, Nockels et al. 1993, Wedekind

et al. 1992). In diets containing cop-

per antagonists like molybdenum and

sulphur a higher relative bioavailability

of copper (based on plasma copper,

plasma ceruloplasmin and liver copper)

from hydroxy copper compared to

copper sulphate was measured, too

(Spears et al. 2004; graph 4). In another

trial of the same research group the

relative bioavailability of zinc from

hydroxy zinc compared to zinc sulphate

based on plasma zinc, and retained zinc,

respectively, was also determined as

better (Schaeffer 2006; Graph 5).

In an additional trial the amount of

soluble zinc was measured and com-

pared with the production of volatile

fatty acids in the rumen (Schaeffer 2006;

Graph 6). Zinc sulphate delivered higher

concentrations of rumen soluble zinc and

showed a negative impact on the micro-

bial fermentation (expressed as produc-tion of volatile fatty acids). In contrast zinc

from hydroxy zinc was less soluble in

the rumen and therefore not influencing

the rumen microflora (Schaeffer 2006;

Graph 6). This fact could be the explana-

tion for a direct effect of trace elements

on milk yield improvement in dairy cows.

SummaryThe supplementation of trace elements

plays an essential role in maintaining optimal

health and performance of livestock. When

considering the supply of trace elements

not primarily the absolutely fed, but the

usable amount of trace elements for the

animal is crucial. This requires accurate

knowledge of the composition of the feed

and if possible, the diminishing availability

of trace elements and interactions with

other feed ingredients. The trace element

supply can be improved by the use of

high-quality trace mineral sources such as

organic chelates, however, the assessment

of the used quality is essential.

Another new form of high-quality

trace elements are hydroxy trace ele-

ments, which recently received EUapproval and which are characterised by

excellent stability and processing proper-

ties together with a high physiological sig-

nificance. The positive effects of chelates

and hydroxy trace elements in feed (bet-

ter stability of sensitive feed components

and ingredients) as well as in animals

(higher bioavailability) have been already

confirmed in numerous publications.

Literature is available upon request

from the author.

More inforMation:

Tel: +31 183447771

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.orffa.com

Gn&feed mnG tenooGy march - pril 2013 | 43

installation friendly

perfect fitting

shock explosion proof

tight

solid

easy to clean

easy expandable

QUICK CONNECT

QUICK CONNECT pull-ring more time-

efficient during assembly.

INSTALLATION FRIENDLY and easyto dismantle.

PERFECT FITTING in long durability

with top quality that is our pipework

and distribution system.

SHOCK EXPLOSION PROOF safely

JACOB pipework system.

TIGHT connection for our pipework

systems.

SOLID and precise in case of retrofitting.

EASY TO CLEAN and easy replaceable.

EASY EXPANDABLE by variability of ourmodular system.

Visit us at POWTECH 2013

April 23 rd-25 th, Germany, hall 5,

booth 5-348, powtech.de

The QUICK CONNECT pull-ring makes

the acclaimed Jacob modular pipe system

even more economical for installation.

In new plants for animal feed, pharma-

ceuticals, chemicals, food, glass, semi-

conductors or environmental technology

as well as for upgrading existing layouts

user-friendly system installation becomes

precise and easy due to the great versatility

of mass-produced pipe components.

ORIGINAL QUALITY TO A MODULAR

DESIGN

Straight welded, lipped-end pipes and

components.

60 mm to 800 mm in a standard

range.

Up to 400 mm normally dispatched

immediately from stock.

Larger than 350 mm also available

with flange connection.

Powder coated steel or hot-dipped gal-

vanised steel as well as stainless steel.

1-3 mm wall thicknesses.

Larger diameters / special requirementsupon request.

Shock-explosion certified pipes and

components available.

Fr. Jacob Shne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany

Tel. + 49 (0)571 95580 | jacob-pipesystems.eu

EUROPES NO. 1 IN PIPEWORK SYSTEMS

FEATURE
http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/http://www.jacob-pipesystems.eu/


8/9
http://www.alapala.com/


9/9

www.gfmt.co.uk

LINKS Seethefullissue

VisittheGFMTwebsite

ContacttheGFMTTeam

SubscribetoGFMT

A subscription magazine for the global flour & feed milling industries - first published in 1891INCORPORATING PORTS, DISTRIBUTION AND FORMULATION

In this issue:

Measures forincreasingthe energy

efficiency of

UFA feed

mills inSwitzerland

Importanceof trace

minerals

for nutrient

stability in

feed

Managing millmaintenance-Maintenanceoptions and

challenges

Superchilledgrains

March-April2013

Fine grinding andBS3 Xylanaseimproveproductivity in

weaners

Additives for flourstandardisationPart I: Enzymes

first published in 1891

ThisdigitalRe-printispartoftheMarch|April2013editionofGrain&Feed

MillingTechnologymagazine.

Contentfromthemagazineisavailabletoviewfree-of-charge,bothasafull

onlinemagazineonourwebsite,andasanarchiveofindividualfeatureson

thedocstocwebsite.

Pleaseclickheretoviewourotherpublicationsonwww.docstoc.com.

Topurchaseapapercopyofthemagazine,ortosubscribetothepaperedi-

tionpleasecontactourCirculationandSubscriptionsManageronthelink

adove.

INFORMATIONFORADVERTISERS-CLICKHERE

Article reprints

All Grain & Feed Milling Tecchnology feature articles can be re-printed as a 4 or 8 page booklets (thesehave been used as point of sale materials, promotional materials for shows and exhibitions etc).

If you are interested in getting this article re-printed please contact the GFMT team for more informa-tion on - Tel: +44 1242 267707 - Email: [email protected] visit www.gfmt.co.uk/reprints
http://www.gfmt.co.uk/http://www.gfmt.co.uk/archive.phphttp://www.gfmt.co.uk/http://www.gfmt.co.uk/contact.phphttp://www.gfmt.co.uk/subscriptions.phphttp://www.docstoc.com/profile/Perendalehttp://www.gfmt.co.uk/advertising.phpmailto:[email protected]://www.gfmt.co.uk/reprintsmailto:[email protected]://www.gfmt.co.uk/reprintshttp://www.gfmt.co.uk/reprintsmailto:[email protected]://www.gfmt.co.uk/advertising.phphttp://www.docstoc.com/profile/Perendalehttp://www.gfmt.co.uk/subscriptions.phphttp://www.gfmt.co.uk/contact.phphttp://www.gfmt.co.uk/http://www.gfmt.co.uk/archive.phphttp://www.gfmt.co.uk/

Documents

Importance of trace minerals for nutrient stability in feed and optimized trace element supply of animals