Imperialism & Progressivism

Arguments for Annexing the Philippines

M ilitary Benefitsb ases

lan d in g a reasH aw aii

M arkets for the U .S .Typ e tit le h ere

O u r "D u ty" to teach o th ers

N aval BasesTyp e tit le h ere

Economic Benefits

Economic Benefits

Military Benefits

Bases

Landing Areas

Markets for the U.S.

• Buy American

•Arguments against Annexation of Philippines

•Too expensive•Cheap labor will compete with U.S. wages•Imperialism goes against Freedom

Coming of War• I. The Maine blew up in

Havana, Cuba.

II. Rebels were fighting for independence.

• Rebels….

III. Sugar, railroads, plantations

• Valuable Resources

Yellow Journalism : may be true, maybe not.. But let’s sell papers

• IV. U.S. stays neutral.

• V. Hearst & Pulitzer want to sell papers

Brutal

• VI. Violence : burning plantations, destroy RR……Re-concentration Camps, thousands die of starvation & disease.

Stay Neutral

So…….

• VII. President McKinley wanted to be neutral.

• Cuba wanted full independence

II. Spanish – American War

• I. Navy blockaded Cuba + 20,000 troops

• II. U.S. took Manila, Philippines , but hostility grows between rebels & U.S.

• III. Many Americans die from disease.

• IV. 17,000 soldiers land in Cuba + the Rough Riders come to save the day

Rough Riders

Cowboys, Miners, Polo players,law officers & Teddy

V. Rough Riders & Army defeated the Spanish in 2 battles

• These victories panicked the Spanish commander in Santiago, who ordered all Spanish fleet to leave, as the ships leave American warships attack, sinking every ship.

The Spanish surrender

• . Americans occupy Puerto Rico.

August 12, 1898, Spain & U.S. cease- fire

After the fighting

• I. U.S. Annexed Guam & Puerto Rico

• II. What about the Philippines??

• Advantages & Disadvantages

III. Treaty of Paris

• Dec. 10, 1898

• Cuba becomes independent.

• U.S. gets Puerto Rico & Guam

• U.S. Pays $20 million to annex Philippines

IV. U.S. becomes an imperial power

V. Philippine Resistance

• U.S. troops are attacked.• Fight the Guerrillas,

concentration camps, to separate the guerrillas from supportive people

• 1,000’s die

VI. William Howard Taft

• 1st Governor of the Islands

• Reform, railroads, telegraphs, schools, health care

Fat Man in the Bathtub

• Decreases hostility/ Dollar Diplomacy

• In 1946 total More independence

VII. Puerto Rico

• Citizens in 1917

VIII. Platt Amendment

• New conditions for Cuban independence, designed by McKinley

• Cuba could not make treaties with other nations that would weaken its independence.

• No foreign power could get territory in Cuba.

• U.S. must be able to lease naval stations.

• Debt must stay low to avoid danger take -overs.

• U.S. has right to intervene to protect them

Cuba becomes a Protectorate of the U.S.

Policeman of the world?

What countries today are considered a world power?

Ways that TR Helped Make U.S. a World Power

• 1. Supported Open Door Policy in China

2. Great White Fleet around the world

3. Built the Panama Canal

Saved money& Time for U.S.merchants

4. Declared the Roosevelt Corollary

TR’s Rise to Power

• McKinley’s Vice President, useless job, control him

• McKinley is assassinated.

• TR is youngest President & in power !!! Look Out….

U.S. Diplomacy in Asia

• By 1899, bases across the Pacific

• Exports to China had quadrupled

• Sphere of Influence = a foreign nation controlled economic development like mining & railroads

Open Door Policy

• U.S. Says that all nations would be allowed to trade with China.

• Boxer Rebellion – to rid the foreign control,

• Crushed…………….

Great White Fleet

• Sent 16 battleships around the world to demonstrate military power

Caribbean Power

• Speak softly & carry a big stick

• Bought the Panama Canal Zone

• Exclusive

Progressive Movement

• 1. Religion

• 2. Press

• 3. Radical Groups

Religion

• Social Gospel= Churches help the poor & underpaid workers

Other Religious Groups

• YWCA, YMCA• Salvation Army• Settlement Houses• Federal Council of Churches=• Living wage, 6 day workweek, child

labor & sweatshops abolished

Press

• Muckrakers= exposed social wrongs

• Upton Sinclair = The Jungle

Radical Groups

• Socialist = eliminate private ownership of the means of production.

• Government becomes more responsive to the public

State Reform

• Robert LaFollette = governor of Wisconsin – reform govt.

• Use council – manager form of government, honest men to city jobs, trained for the work

Reform

• Regulate rates of railroad commissions• 17th Amendment = popular election of

senators• By 1914, some state laws of child

employment, workers compensation• By 1916, Direct primary to elect

candidates

Teddy Roosevelt

Rough Riders

• Teddy & Friends

Teddy Roosevelt

• Well Educated, Harvard

• World Traveler

• Explorer

• Soldier, charging up San Juan Hill

Political Career

• Secretary of the Navy• Governor of New York• Vice President• President , elected in 1904, by the

largest margin of victory up to that time

TR & McKinley

6 of TR’s Achievements

• Increased Federal Power

• Mediated a Coal strike

• Regulated Trusts

• Regulated Transportation

• Protected Public Health

Conserved Natural Resources

• Withdrew 1.5 million acres of land

• Established 50 wildlife sanctuaries

• 5 national parks

• 18 National monuments

• Newlands Reclamation Act

New Nationalism

• TR’s idea that the Government would use it’s power for the welfare of the people.

Bully Good Work

• "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far"

Square Deal• "Let the watchwords of all our people be the

old familiar watchwords of honesty, decency, fair-dealing, and commonsense."... "We must treat each man on his worth and merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less.""The welfare of each of us is dependent fundamentally upon the welfare of all of us."New York State Fair, Syracuse, September 7, 1903

42 = youngest President

• Orator

• Loved the Job

TR at the White House

• A big presence

The Roosevelt Family

Conservationist

• Progressive

TR goes on Safari

• The First Bull Elephant

William Howard Taft

Chosen By TR

• Cautious, legalistic

• Conservative

Governor General of the Philippines as secretary of war,

Taft

• Believed in Compromise

• Could not handle members in his own party

• Signed Payne-Aldrich tariff Act amid public outcry

• Returned govt. land for sale

And………..

• Fired Pinchot ( TR’s conservationist who supervised the national forest)

• Supported Joseph Cannon in House

• Continued to Split the Republican Party

Can a Champion Come Back?

• Unhappy with Taft, TR ponders the Q.

So TR Returns to Save the Day

With the Bull Moose Party

3rd Party= spoiler

• Divided the votes

• Progressive Republicans vote for TR

• Conservative Republicans vote for Taft

• Woodrow Wilson wins the majority of Electoral votes & the Presidency.

Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson

• progressive reform and asserted international leadership

• 1913 – 1921

• Democrat

President of Princeton

• Intelligent

• Governor of New Jersey

New Freedom

Attacked the Triple Wall of Privilege =

• High Tariff

• High Finance

• Trust Interest

Believed in Strong Executive

• Break up Trusts!

1st President to

• Earn a PHD

• Have regular press conferences

• Let sheep graze on the White House Lawn

To support the Red Cross during

WWI

Federal Reserve Act

The passage of the Federal Reserve Act provided the Nation with the more elastic money supply it badly needed.

Other Actions =

• Lower tariff, the Underwood Act; attached to the measure was a graduated Federal income tax.

• In 1914 antitrust legislation established a Federal Trade Commission to prohibit unfair business practices.

And More Action =

• Prohibited child labor• Limited railroad workers to an

eight-hour day. • Neutrality in WWI!!!

He kept us out of War!

• Isolationist Ideas

• Re - Elected

On April 2,1917, he asked Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.

• House passes war resolution , 373 to 50

--the Fourteen Points,

• The Final Point is Big!!

Versailles Treaty

• containing the Covenant of the League of Nations, and asked, "Dare we reject it and break the heart of the world?"

Versailles Treaty failed in the Senate

• By seven votes

A national tour to mobilize

Public sentiment for the treaty. Exhausted, he suffered a stroke and nearly died. Tenderly nursed by his second wife, Edith Bolling Galt, he lived until 1924.

Presidents have to maneuver

“Carefully on politically hot issues, and women's suffrage was no exception. The movement had been growing for decades. Despite a history of hostility to their cause, Wilson soon saw the political handwriting on the wall.

Gradually, he began modifying

his position. But only a world war would bring the president fully behind efforts to secure a federal amendment for women's suffrage.”

Susan B. Anthony, L. Mott

Women’s Suffrage

• Protesting outside the White House

The Senate rejected women's suffrage

• by two votes. The PBS - American Experience: Woodrow Wilson | Wilson- A PortraitNineteenth Amendment would have to wait until 1920, after the war was already won.

•  

1920

• On August 26, the 19th constitutional amendment is adopted when

Tennessee ratifies it, granting full woman suffrage in all states of the United States.

Harry Burn, 24 yrs.

• One young legislator, had voted with the anti-suffrage forces to that time. But his mother had urged that he vote for the amendment and for suffrage. When he saw that the vote was very close, and with his anti-suffrage vote would be tied 48 to 48, he decided to vote as his mother had urged him: for the right of women to vote. And so on August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the 36th and deciding state to ratify.

Harry Burns???

Listen to the Mother

• Alice Paul celebrates