Imperialism! Imperialism!

Goal 6Goal 6

Reason to Expand Reason to Expand GloballyGlobally

Imperialism was already in trend with major nations Imperialism was already in trend with major nations during the late 1800sduring the late 1800s

US had already experienced some expansionUS had already experienced some expansion Manifest Destiny (1830s-40s)Manifest Destiny (1830s-40s) Trade w/ Japan (Matthew Perry, 1853)Trade w/ Japan (Matthew Perry, 1853) Alaska, 1867Alaska, 1867 (Sec. of State Seward) (Sec. of State Seward) Trade with China (1860s – most favored nation)Trade with China (1860s – most favored nation)

3 Factors contribute to America’s expansion into 3 Factors contribute to America’s expansion into imperialismimperialism Desire for military strengthDesire for military strength Thirst for new marketsThirst for new markets Belief in cultural superiorityBelief in cultural superiority

Why did the US Expand?Why did the US Expand?

Desire for military strengthDesire for military strength Other nations were building a world presenceOther nations were building a world presence US sought to build own military strengthUS sought to build own military strength Alfred T. Mahan – Alfred T. Mahan – The Influence of Seapower Upon HistoryThe Influence of Seapower Upon History

Thirst for new marketsThirst for new markets Growth of American industry led to surplus of goodsGrowth of American industry led to surplus of goods New markets would allow the sell of more goodsNew markets would allow the sell of more goods US also needs raw materials for more industryUS also needs raw materials for more industry

Belief in cultural superiorityBelief in cultural superiority Social Darwinism plays role in American superioritySocial Darwinism plays role in American superiority US had responsibility to spread “Christianity” and “civilization” US had responsibility to spread “Christianity” and “civilization”

to the “inferior peoples” of the worldto the “inferior peoples” of the world White Mans Burden-Our Burden to get involvedWhite Mans Burden-Our Burden to get involved

Why did originally not Why did originally not want to Expand?want to Expand?

At odds with ourselvesAt odds with ourselves Foreign Presence in AmericaForeign Presence in America Industrial Revolution-Not stable Industrial Revolution-Not stable

economicallyeconomically Weak Military/NavyWeak Military/Navy

Early ExpansionEarly Expansion

HawaiiHawaii US had economic interests in HawaiiUS had economic interests in Hawaii

Several sugar & fruit plantations Several sugar & fruit plantations on the islandon the island

US takes island of Midway; also US takes island of Midway; also wants to build naval base at Pearl wants to build naval base at Pearl HarborHarbor

Sugar causes many in US to want Sugar causes many in US to want Hawaii annexedHawaii annexed

Queen Liliuokalani & “Hawaii for Queen Liliuokalani & “Hawaii for Hawaiians” (anti-American)Hawaiians” (anti-American)

US business owners overthrow US business owners overthrow Hawaiian gov’t & set up Sanford Dole Hawaiian gov’t & set up Sanford Dole as head of gov’tas head of gov’t

President Cleveland didn’t want President Cleveland didn’t want Hawaii annexedHawaii annexed

Hawaii not annexed by US until 1898 Hawaii not annexed by US until 1898 under President McKinleyunder President McKinley

AlaskaAlaska Secretary of State William Seward Secretary of State William Seward

arranged for US to purchase Alaskaarranged for US to purchase Alaska $7.2 million to Russia in 1867$7.2 million to Russia in 1867 Known as “Seward’s folly” or Known as “Seward’s folly” or

“Seward’s Icebox”“Seward’s Icebox” Alaska becomes resource of minerals Alaska becomes resource of minerals

& oil& oil

Queen Liliuokalani & Sanford B. Dole

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

US had interest in Spanish controlled Cuba since 1854US had interest in Spanish controlled Cuba since 1854 Cuba fought for independence from Spain in 1895, led by Jose MartiCuba fought for independence from Spain in 1895, led by Jose Marti

Used guerilla fightingUsed guerilla fighting Encouraged attacks on US-owned plantationsEncouraged attacks on US-owned plantations

Spain fought brutally against Cuban rebelsSpain fought brutally against Cuban rebels Many put into concentration campsMany put into concentration camps

US journalists US journalists William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst & & Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer use stories use stories for headlinesfor headlines Leads to Leads to yellowyellow journalismjournalism (sensationalized stories) (sensationalized stories) ““you furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war”you furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war”

US tried diplomatic relations with CubaUS tried diplomatic relations with Cuba US also sends US also sends U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine to Cuba to protect Americans to Cuba to protect Americans

The ship explodes in Havana harbor, killing 260The ship explodes in Havana harbor, killing 260 US public blames Spanish (due to yellow journalism)US public blames Spanish (due to yellow journalism) US declares war on Spain on April 20, 1898US declares war on Spain on April 20, 1898

Spanish American War Spanish American War Continues..Continues..

US attacks Spanish 1US attacks Spanish 1stst in pacific in pacific US sends navy to Philippines; led by George DeweyUS sends navy to Philippines; led by George Dewey US destroys Spanish fleet in 7 hoursUS destroys Spanish fleet in 7 hours Filipino rebels help US troops in attacking Spanish; fighting lasts 2 Filipino rebels help US troops in attacking Spanish; fighting lasts 2

monthsmonths US then turns attention to CaribbeanUS then turns attention to Caribbean

American troops land in Cuba in JuneAmerican troops land in Cuba in June Mostly volunteers, including Mostly volunteers, including Rough RidersRough Riders (led by Teddy Roosevelt) (led by Teddy Roosevelt)

& & Buffalo SoldiersBuffalo Soldiers (black troops) (black troops) US defeats Spanish in Cuba, then invade Puerto RicoUS defeats Spanish in Cuba, then invade Puerto Rico Spain gives up, signing armistice in AugustSpain gives up, signing armistice in August ““splendid little war” (only 16 weeks of fighting)splendid little war” (only 16 weeks of fighting) Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris - Cuba gets independence; US gets Philippines, - Cuba gets independence; US gets Philippines,

Guam, & Puerto RicoGuam, & Puerto Rico

Pulitzer (left) & Hearst (right) fight over the War

After Spanish-American After Spanish-American WarWar

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico US brings military in to ruleUS brings military in to rule Foraker Act, 1900Foraker Act, 1900

Ends military controlEnds military control US has some control of Puerto Rican gov’t (appoints governor)US has some control of Puerto Rican gov’t (appoints governor) Gives citizenship to Puerto Ricans in 1917Gives citizenship to Puerto Ricans in 1917

CubaCuba During Spanish-Am. War US passed During Spanish-Am. War US passed Teller AmendmentTeller Amendment

Said US had no intention of taking over any part of CubaSaid US had no intention of taking over any part of Cuba After the war US keeps military in Cuba to influence decisionsAfter the war US keeps military in Cuba to influence decisions Cuba forced to add pro-US amendment to their constitutionCuba forced to add pro-US amendment to their constitution Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment added to Cuban Constitution in 1901 added to Cuban Constitution in 1901

Amendment said US had right to intervene in CubaAmendment said US had right to intervene in Cuba US also received naval bases in CubaUS also received naval bases in Cuba

Cuba remains a protectorate of US into the 1930sCuba remains a protectorate of US into the 1930s

CarribeanCarribean

PhilippinesPhilippines Filipinos upset that Cuba gets independence & they do notFilipinos upset that Cuba gets independence & they do not Filipinos revolt in 1899, led by Emilio AguinaldoFilipinos revolt in 1899, led by Emilio Aguinaldo Takes US 3 years to put down rebellionTakes US 3 years to put down rebellion Rebellion costs $400 million; 20,000 Filipinos die, 4000 US dieRebellion costs $400 million; 20,000 Filipinos die, 4000 US die Philippines gain independence in 1946Philippines gain independence in 1946

ChinaChina Europeans already controlled Europeans already controlled spheres of influencespheres of influence in China in China US wants to make sure they have trading rightsUS wants to make sure they have trading rights Sec. of State John Hay promotes Open Door PolicySec. of State John Hay promotes Open Door Policy

Notes sent to other imperialist powers urging them to allow US tradeNotes sent to other imperialist powers urging them to allow US trade Chinese rebel against outsiders; known as Boxer RebellionChinese rebel against outsiders; known as Boxer Rebellion

Troops from foreign nations put down rebellion in 1900Troops from foreign nations put down rebellion in 1900 Anti-Imperialism LeagueAnti-Imperialism League

Formed by famous Americans who were against imperialismFormed by famous Americans who were against imperialism Included Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, Mark TwainIncluded Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, Mark Twain

America is now a World America is now a World Power!Power!

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt US has desire for canal in PanamaUS has desire for canal in Panama

US encourages Panama to rebel for independenceUS encourages Panama to rebel for independence Panama agrees to a treaty allowing US to build canal in 1903Panama agrees to a treaty allowing US to build canal in 1903 Canal opens in 1914Canal opens in 1914

““Big Stick” DiplomacyBig Stick” Diplomacy Roosevelt Corollary added to Monroe DoctrineRoosevelt Corollary added to Monroe Doctrine Warns Latin America that US would use force to protect our Warns Latin America that US would use force to protect our

interests in the regioninterests in the region Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War

Russia & Japan were at war in 1904Russia & Japan were at war in 1904 Roosevelt asked to mediate peace negotiationsRoosevelt asked to mediate peace negotiations Resulted in Treaty of Portsmouth; Roosevelt gets Nobel Peace Resulted in Treaty of Portsmouth; Roosevelt gets Nobel Peace

PrizePrize

Politics continued…Politics continued…

William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

US arranges loans from American bankersUS arranges loans from American bankers Banks get investment options in those countriesBanks get investment options in those countries US gov’t guarantees loans from US BankersUS gov’t guarantees loans from US Bankers

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson Missionary (Moral) DiplomacyMissionary (Moral) Diplomacy

US wouldn’t recognize Latin gov’ts that were repressive, US wouldn’t recognize Latin gov’ts that were repressive, hostile, or anti-UShostile, or anti-US

Policy pressures Latin nations to be democraticPolicy pressures Latin nations to be democratic Wilson aimed to reinforce Western Hemisphere in the face Wilson aimed to reinforce Western Hemisphere in the face

of WWI. of WWI.

Wilson ContinuedWilson Continued

Although Wilson hated imperialism he invaded more Although Wilson hated imperialism he invaded more countries in Latin America than any other president in countries in Latin America than any other president in U.S. history (to protect U.S. lives and property) U.S. history (to protect U.S. lives and property) Kept marines in Nicaragua making that country, in effect, a Kept marines in Nicaragua making that country, in effect, a

protectorateprotectorate.. Send U.S. forces sent to Haiti in 1914-15 when Haitian Send U.S. forces sent to Haiti in 1914-15 when Haitian

president torn to pieces. president torn to pieces. 1916, U.S. marines sent to Dominican Republic when civil 1916, U.S. marines sent to Dominican Republic when civil

war broke outwar broke out Debt-cursed country became a protectorate of  U.S.Debt-cursed country became a protectorate of  U.S.

1917, U.S. purchased Virgin Islands from Denmark Caribbean 1917, U.S. purchased Virgin Islands from Denmark Caribbean sea increasingly dominated by U.S. (along with Panama) sea increasingly dominated by U.S. (along with Panama)

MexicoMexico

Problems with MexicoProblems with Mexico Mexican Revolution starts in 1911Mexican Revolution starts in 1911 US almost goes to war in 1914US almost goes to war in 1914 Mexican rebel Pancho Villa has raids against Mexican rebel Pancho Villa has raids against

US in 1916US in 1916 US tries for 1 year to kill Villa (military led by US tries for 1 year to kill Villa (military led by

Pershing)Pershing) US recalls Pershing in 1917 to focus on World US recalls Pershing in 1917 to focus on World

War IWar I Villa is assassinated in 1919Villa is assassinated in 1919

Mexican Rebel leader Pancho Villa