IMPACTS STUDY OF THE WREP PROJECT

DEA Regional Workshop16 – 18 October 2007

ARUSHA – TANZANIA

Outline of Presentation

• Summary of the WREP

• The Causal Chains

• Data Collection & Analysis

• Results of the Case Study

• Conclusion

Summary of the WREP

• Case study: Women and Renewable Energy project (WREP)

• Goal: to promote the utilization of renewable energy to fight desertification and poverty, and to protect the environment.

• Financial Partners: UNDP and the Governments of the Netherlands and Mali.

• Implementation Period: between 1992 and 2001

• Geographical scope: 130 villages in the three regions (Koulikoro, Sikasso and Segou).

• Results: – 113 solar lighting systems, – 74 solar water heaters – 27 solar driers – 2 wind water pumping system – 16 multifunctional platforms of which (03) are running on jatropha oil – Literacy training for more than 3 500 women, – Maintenance training to 60 local technicians.

Causal Chain for the Solar Water Heating Systems

ActivityInstallation of SWH

Output Access to Solar heating Employment

Energy Services Water heating from SWH

Sector of utilisation Health centers

OutcomesReduced firewood consumption

Time saving

Reduced deforestation

Less indoor air pollution

Reduced income of wood sellers

Income generation

Impacts Improvement of health of women and children Economic

development

Gender Equity

Better health services

Reduced fuel expenses

Causal Chain for the Solar Lighting Systems

Solar PV Systems

Activity

Output Access to electricity

Energy servicesCommunication RefrigerationLighting

Sector of utilisation Health centresAdult Literacy Centers

Outcomes Evening learning

Medicines storage

Impacts Improvement of Literacy level

Improvement of health

Improvement of health services

Causal Chain for the MFP

Activity Multifunctional Platform (MFP)

OutputAccess to electricity

Access to Motive power

Employment

Energy servicesWater pumping

Milling

Sector of utilisation Households Commercial

Outcomes Decreased women work load

Increased agricultural production

Income generation

Lighting

Impacts Health improvement

Gender equity Economic

development

Food security

Decreased water borne diseases

Agriculture

Causal chain for the Solar Dryer

Activity Solar Dryer

Output

Energy services

Sector of utilisation

Outcomes

Impacts

Access to solar drying

Crop drying

Reduced harvest losses

Households Women association

Food security

Employment

Poverty reduction

Income generation

Selling of dried crop

Hunger reduction Health improvement

Maintain nutritive value

Employment

Causal Chain for the Wind Pumping System

ActivityWind Water Pumping

OutputIncreased access to water for

irrigation

Sector of Utilisation Households Agriculture

Outcome Reduced water borne diseases

Increased agricultural production

Employment

Impacts Improved health

Reduced hunger

Poverty Reduction

Data Collection & Analysis

Data Collection through:

• Literature review

• Field trip in eight villages (Konodimini, Koula, Massala, Somonodougouni, Tombougou, Wolonkotoba, Zambougou) through focus group interviews using questionnaires

Data analysis:

• Environmental impacts measured by the reduction of wood fuel consumption and the reduction of CO2 emission.

• Social impacts were measured by the number of beneficiaries, the improvement of the health centres’ services, the improvement of the literacy rate and the alleviation of the tasks of women.

• Economic impacts were measured by the savings on the expenses for the purchase of wood fuel, paraffin oil. Incomes generated by the use of the technologies were also used to measure economic impacts.

• Recall were also used to assess the impacts of the technologies

Results of the case studyTechnology Sector Proposed link to

MDG in Causal Link- heregiven as impacts

Case Study findings& link to MDG

Substantiation Remarks

Solar WaterHeater

Health Poverty reduction Improved incomefor individuals andcommunity MDG1

Savings on purchase of fuelwood of US$0.06 [0.17] per visit to clinic & income of US$8.43 [23.51] per yr per health centre for provision of hot water

Wood traders are losing part of their market

Women and ChildrenHealth

Better health care of mother and child at clinics- MDG4 & 5

Provision of hot water at delivery times for mother and new baby

Used to be difficult to get using wood fire when sick

Reduction of Deforestation

Avoided forest resource depletionMDG7

Calculated to be 333 ha and 4.5t CO2 avoided

Improvement of Women status

Reduced burden on hot water provision MDG3

No more providing fuelwood forhot water

Results of the case study Continued…

Technology Sector Proposed link to MDG in Causal Link- heregiven as impacts

Case Study findings& link to MDG

Substantiation Remarks

Solar LightingSystem

Health Health Improvement Reduced maternalmortality MDG 5

Safer baby delivery at night Statistics at health centres show most babies delivered at night

Poverty alleviationMDG1

Individual net benefit of shifting from kerosene US$21.51 [60.01] for users at each health centre per year

Individual net benefit of shifting from kerosene US$21.51 [60.01] for users at each health centre per year

Education Literacy Rateimprovement

Literacy deliveryimproved MDG2

Better learning environment & extended hours in class at literacy centres

Poverty reductionMDG1

Educated women become employable

Benefit of shifting from kerosene US$128.30 [357.96] /literacy centre

CombinedHealth & education

Environmental sustainability MDG7

Avoided CO2 of 347tons over 15 years

Avoided from use of kerosene

Results of the case study Continued…Technology Sector Proposed link to

MDG in Causal Link- heregiven as impacts

Case Study findings& link to MDG

Substantiation Remarks

Solar Dryer Agriculture Poverty Reduction Income generation MDG1

Community net income of US$487.44 [1334.84] per dryer per year

Food security Reduced productionloss MDG1

Avoided loss of perishable fruitsand vegetable

Improved Health Reduced foodcontaminationMDG1

Avoided effects of flies, dust etc

Wind Pump Agriculture Poverty Reduction Income generationMDG1

Individual gain of US$141.51[394.81] per year; US$50.06[139.67] per year per villagecommunity

Individual income from sale of garden produce; from sale of water pumped for community income

Food Security Increased vegetable production MDG1

Through increase in irrigated areas

Results of the case study Continued…

Technology Sector Proposed link to MDG in Causal Link- heregiven as impacts

Case Study findings& link to MDG

Substantiation Remarks

MultifunctionalPlatform

Food Security Increase inproductivity MDG1

Due to increased water for plants

Household/community

Poverty Reduction Community Incomegeneration MDG1

US$47.17 [131.60] – US$56.60[157.92] per month orUS$622.64 [1737.17]/yr perplatform;

From services ofpumped water,battery charging,lighting andgrinding of cereals

Indirect income due to freedtime of US$754.72 [2105.66] peryr per community

Food security Alleviating hungerand improvingincome MDG1

Through food processing atmultifunctional platforms

Improving womenstatus

Reduced burden onwomen MDG3

Fetching water and grindingcereals is a thing of the past; 2hours per day time savedestimated.

ConclusionThe case study revealed that:

• Energy project alone has little impact on development but associated to other development project, it will have significant impact

• The 4-level diagram is flexible and is very useful for understanding the development impact of energy project

• There are no universal indicators for impact assessment. The indicators are

case specific and therefore the data to be collected

• Baseline issue can be solved using the combination of recall method and past studies

Awnitié – Merci! –Thank you